scholarly journals Activities and Kinetic Properties of Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Cholinesterases in Relation to Clinical Diagnosis, Severity, and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jacob Huff ◽  
Clara T. Reiter ◽  
Jack Protetch
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Bche Activity ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT:Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been measured in seventeen patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (Prob AD), possible Alzheimer's disease (Poss AD), or dementia of non-Alzheimer aetiology (Non-AD). The three diagnostic groups did not differ with regard to the Km or saturation kinetic properties of AChE and BChE. The CSF AChE activity was significantly higher in Prob AD than in Non-AD patients. The groups did not differ significantly in BChE activity. The ratio of AChE to BChE activity was significantly higher in both the Prob AD and Poss AD groups than in the Non-AD group, and the ranges of values in the Prob AD and Non-AD groups did not overlap. Among patients in the Prob AD group, severity of dementia was correlated with both AChE activity and the AChE/BChE ratio, and progression of dementia over time was also correlated with AChE/BChE.The AChE/BChE ratio correlated more strongly than AChE with severity and progression of dementia in Prob AD patients, and also better distinguished them from Non-AD patients, suggesting that AChE/BChE may be the more useful marker for diagnosis of AD. It is not clear from the results whether AChE/BChE is useful for diagnosis of the complex dementia cases in the Poss AD group.

The Trajectory of Cerebrospinal Fluid Growth-Associated Protein 43 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Diyang Lyu ◽  
Jianping Jia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Synaptic Degeneration ◽  
Over Time

Background: Synaptic degeneration has been suggested as an early pathological event that strongly correlates with severity of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, changes in longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) as a synaptic biomarker in the AD continuum remain unclear. Objective: To assess the trajectory of CSF GAP-43 with AD progression and its association with other AD hallmarks. Methods: CSF GAP-43 was analyzed in 788 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including 246 cognitively normal (CN) individuals, 415 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 127 with AD dementia based on cognitive assessments. The associations between a multimodal classification scheme with amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration, and changes in CSF GAP-43 over time were also analyzed. Results: CSF GAP-43 levels were increased at baseline in MCI and dementia patients, and increased significantly over time in the preclinical (Aβ-positive CN), prodromal (Aβ-positive MCI), and dementia (Aβ-positive dementia) stages of AD. Higher levels of CSF GAP-43 were also associated with higher CSF phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and total tau (t-tau), cerebral amyloid deposition and hypometabolism on positron emission tomography, the hippocampus and middle temporal atrophy, and cognitive performance deterioration at baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, CSF GAP-43 may assist in effectively predicting the probability of dementia onset at 2- or 4-year follow-up. Conclusion: CSF GAP-43 can be used as a potential biomarker associated with synaptic degeneration in subjects with AD; it may also be useful for tracking the disease progression and for monitoring the effects of clinical trials.

Simultaneous determination of four monoamine metabolites and serotonin in cerebrospinal fluid by "high-performance" liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; application for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Koyama ◽  
A Minegishi ◽  
T Ishizaki
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract We describe an optimized, sensitive assay procedure for simultaneously determining 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and serotonin in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. The assay is based on liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detection system equipped with a newly developed, highly sensitive graphite electrode. Before assay, samples are deproteinized with perchloric acid, 0.2 mol/L. The within- and between-day CVs were less than 2.5% and 6.7%, respectively, for all compounds. The lower limits of detection for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were 0.5 pg and for the other three analytes 1.5 pg per injection. Preliminary data on monoaminergic metabolites by the current assay showed that concentrations of dopaminergic and serotonergic metabolites were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in the age-matched controls. In addition, the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid correlated significantly (P less than 0.01) with that of homovanillic acid, suggesting that monitoring either of these metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as an index of central dopaminergic activity.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Discussing Biomarkers for Early or Pre-Alzheimer’s Disease for Clinical Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishaan Ishaan Bharadwaj ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Working Group ◽  
International Working Group ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Over Time

Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time. It constitutes for over 65% of dementia cases and currently has no cure. This paper reviews the biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and evaluates these biomarkers based on various pathologies they are associated with, using the International Working Group (IWG) criteria, sensitivity, specificity etc. This paper summarizes the existing biomarkers, critically compares them and highlights which biomarkers are most effective for clinical diagnosis. It also discusses some of the drawbacks associated with using some biomarkers, either alone or in combination with others

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