Navigation of the S.S.T.

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
J. Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimum Trajectory ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Actual Position

As a general rule the navigational function is aimed at determining the position of the aircraft in order to resolve three types of problem:(1) To subject the aircraft's flight path to an optimum trajectory calculated before departure or progressively adapted in course of flight to the circumstances encountered.(2) To choose at each point of the selected flight path the flight system best adapted to the safety and economy of the flight.(3) Taking into account the presence of other aircraft in the airspace, to know and make known the actual position and the information allowing provision to be made for future positions, so as to permit effective air traffic control.Departures of the actual from the chosen flight path penalize the flight by a lowering of economy (in flying time or fuel consumption). It does not seem, however, that the problems raised from this point of view by S.S.T. are by nature or in difficulty any different from those which affect conventional aircraft. Taking into account the present-day precision of navigational aids there is every reason to believe that departures of the actual flight path from the optimum flight path will introduce a penalization which it is possible to ignore when compared with the penalization due to the inaccuracy of the knowledge of the elements (winds, temperatures, pressures) which have, in fact, served to determine this optimum flight path.

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

scholarly journals Non-Conflict Air Traffic Control in Flight-Path Straightening Operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (32) ◽  
pp. 642-647
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Kumkov ◽  
Sergey G. Pyatko ◽  
Mikhail M. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flight Path

scholarly journals Assessment of Possibilities to Use Thermal Imaging Cameras for Air Traffic Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Jacek Zalewski ◽  
Stanisław Milewski ◽  
Michał Zabłotny
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Abstract The character of missions and conditions in which they are carried out by military un-manned aerial vehicles are usually special and difficult. This causes a necessity to provide support for their missions, especially with regard to checking their condition on the controlled or autonomic flight path, especially during landing and take-off operations. This paper offers an account of an experiment and an attempt of assessing usefulness of thermal imaging cameras for controlling flights of aerial vehicles, mainly in areas of air-dromes and approach paths.

Review of Situational Awareness for Computer Network Defense

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Onwubiko ◽  
Thomas Owens
Keyword(s):  
Computer Security ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Network Defense ◽  
Computer Network Defense

The importance of situational awareness to air traffic control, and hence the safety and security of aircraft, is evident, demonstrable, and has been hugely significant. The main purpose of this book is to convey an understanding of the impact of situational awareness on the design of the next generation computer systems, network architectures, and platform infrastructures. The book achieves its purpose by presenting principles, methods, and applications of situational awareness for computer network defense; in doing so, it makes clear the benefits situational awareness can provide for information security, computer security and computer network defense. This book contributes to cross-multidisciplinary discussion among researchers, academia, and practitioners who are engaged objectively in sharing, contributing, and showcasing how situational awareness can be adapted to computer systems, network infrastructure designs, and architecture patterns. The goal of this chapter is to explain situational awareness for computer network defense from the point of view of its most basic foundations as a spring board to discuss how situational awareness can be relevant to computer network defense, whose operations and environment are similar to air traffic control where the application of situational awareness has been hugely successful.

Air Traffic Control and the Needs of the Customer

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
E. J. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Do So

The air traffic controller provides a service and can do so effectively only with the cooperation of his customers, namely the pilots of many different types of aircraft. For the purpose of this paper it is assumed that pilots do not wittingly take avoidable risks and are fully capable of finding their way from one place to another by the shortest available route. According to I.C.A.O., A.T.C. exists to provide ‘safety and expedition’, but, left to his own devices, the pilot can take care of his own ‘expedition’ so that the main function of A.T.C. is to provide a safety service. When A.T.C. has to regulate flights for safety reasons, however, it may have to ask a pilot to deviate from his chosen flight path. It then has to assume a measure of responsibility for expedition, but safety is still the prime consideration.

Use of Path Objects for Air Traffic Control

2000 ◽  
Vol 1703 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
John N. Barrer
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A path object is a set of instructions plus the values of associated parameters that would be used by an aircraft’s flight management system (FMS) or area navigation (RNAV) computer to construct a flight trajectory on the basis of the values of the parameters provided by the pilot or air traffic control (ATC) system. The concept of path objects and its applicability for development of FMS- or RNAV-based flight paths for aircraft routes are described. The use of path objects requires only a small number of parameters for specification of an RNAV route, and the computer then calculates the resulting flight path. Because most RNAV routes are just variations of the same basic shapes, many RNAV routes can be generated from a single path object by changing just one or two parameters. This offers the capability to reduce the size of the navigation database by a significant amount. This also allows the dynamic alteration of three-dimensional FMS-RNAV routes instead of radar vectoring, which represents a significant improvement in ATC procedures. Because of the compact expressions for the path objects, these procedures could be used in a voice communications environment as well as a data link environment. A path object can be thought of as a high-level language with which aircraft and ATC systems communicate flight path intentions. The concept of FMS- or RNAV-stored path objects is a change in thinking about the role of avionics technology. It offers a means of including the precision of the FMS-RNAV technology in the ATC system during the transition from today’s system to the future’s fully automated control system. This is an enabling technology that improves the ability to use and maintain FMS-RNAV in its role as a vital component of the ATC system. It has the potential to enhance future air traffic management-communication navigation surveillance concepts and applications.

The Automation of Air Traffic Control

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Jacques Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Digital Computers

Experience gained in the automation of air traffic control is of interest from more than one point of view, and not only because of the range and diversity of new and delicate problems to which this application of automation has given rise, and for which it is necessary to find simultaneous solutions. It has been necessary to design and develop new methods for the acquisition, processing and display of information and to link them with digital computers, for which a complex and voluminous ‘real-time’ software has had to be compiled and brought up to date without interrupting the procedure. But it is when it comes to visualizing the total pattern that the most difficult problems arise because the major decisions determining the success or failure of the operation have had to be taken without the possibility of acquiring any preliminary experience.Man and the computer have to work together in real time as harmoniously as possible to obtain the best results from the modern data processing systems that it was proposed to employ; it was therefore essential to consider very deeply the complementary roles which each was intended to play.To describe this research in detail or the solutions arrived at would not be of great interest to those other than specialists.

How to Evaluate Remote Tower Metrics in Connection With Weather Observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Friedrich ◽  
Christoph Möhlenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Remote Controller

Abstract. Owing to the different approaches for remote tower operation, a standardized set of indicators is needed to evaluate the technical implementations at a task performance level. One of the most influential factors for air traffic control is weather. This article describes the influence of weather metrics on remote tower operations and how to validate them against each other. Weather metrics are essential to the evaluation of different remote controller working positions. Therefore, weather metrics were identified as part of a validation at the Erfurt-Weimar Airport. Air traffic control officers observed weather events at the tower control working position and the remote control working position. The eight participating air traffic control officers answered time-synchronized questionnaires at both workplaces. The questionnaires addressed operationally relevant weather events in the aerodrome. The validation experiment targeted the air traffic control officer’s ability to categorize and judge the same weather event at different workplaces. The results show the potential of standardized indicators for the evaluation of performance and the importance of weather metrics in relation to other evaluation metrics.

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