Digitization? What does the term mean; and why does it matter? One can occasionally read in news or social media that the United States and the Netherlands were among the first countries in the world to be digitized, while most other countries stayed behind, much to their own disadvantage. However, such statements only reflect a partial truth. They only reflect how digital computers and the Internet swept the globe. Yet, digital computers and the Internet are only the latest wave of digitization. To understand what is happening in the long run, let us put this latest wave of digitization into its broader context. We will understand that almost all life is fundamentally digital. The consequences are of hallmark importance: Everywhere we look (into cities, geography, culture, virtual spaces, language, ecosystems, epidemics, virus infections, etc.) life can be studied with the same mathematical tools; and almost everywhere the same theories apply.