scholarly journals Infrasound and the Avian Navigational Map

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Hagstrum
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Navigational Map ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa

Birds can accurately navigate over hundreds to thousands of kilometres, and use celestial and magnetic compass senses to orient their flight. How birds determine their location in order to select the correct homeward bearing (map sense) remains controversial, and has been attributed to their olfactory or magnetic senses. Pigeons can hear infrasound down to 0·05 Hz, and an acoustic avian map is proposed consisting of infrasonic cues radiated from steep-sided topographic features. The source of these infrasonic signals is microseisms continuously generated by interfering oceanic waves. Atmospheric processes affecting the infrasonic map cues can explain perplexing experimental results from pigeon releases. Moreover, four recent disrupted pigeon races in Europe and the north-eastern USA intersected infrasonic shock waves from the Concorde supersonic transport. Having an acoustic map might also allow clock-shifted birds to test their homeward progress and select between their magnetic and solar compasses.

scholarly journals Infrasound and the avian navigational map

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Hagstrum
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Homing Pigeons ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Avian Flight ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Northeastern Usa

Birds can navigate accurately over hundreds to thousands of kilometres, and this ability of homing pigeons is the basis for a worldwide sport. Compass senses orient avian flight, but how birds determine their location in order to select the correct homeward bearing (map sense) remains a mystery. Also mysterious are rare disruptions of pigeon races in which most birds are substantially delayed and large numbers are lost. Here, it is shown that in four recent pigeon races in Europe and the northeastern USA the birds encountered infrasonic (low-frequency acoustic) shock waves from the Concorde supersonic transport. An acoustic avian map is proposed that consists of infrasonic cues radiated from steep-sided topographic features; the source of these signals is microseisms continuously generated by interfering oceanic waves. Atmospheric processes affecting these infrasonic map cues can explain perplexing experimental results from pigeon releases.

Charge fingerprints of forest organic horizons from north-eastern USA

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Ross ◽  
Richmond J. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Active Research

The charge fingerprint procedure was used to characterise the exchange properties of high- organic forest soils from the north-eastern USA. Twenty-six Oa or A horizon samples were obtained from active research sites to provide samples with a range in carbon from 15·1 to 49·4% and pH (in 1 mM CaCl2) from 2·8 to 4·2. Fingerprints were similar to those developed for other variably charged soils except that significant quantities of exchangeable H+ were found and no appreciable anion exchange capacity was measured. The magnitude of the ‘base’ cation capacity (CECB) varied linearly with pH, averaging >50% change per unit pH change. A good estimate of the CECB was obtained from the sum of cations removed by a single extraction with 1·0 М choline chloride (slope 1·03, r2 = 0·91). Variations in exchangeable Al3+ or H+ with pH were related to the quantity found in untreated samples, probably because of the close association between exchangeable and organically complexed forms. The total CEC was closely related to the sum of cations removed by 0·1 M BaCl2 (slope 1·05, r2 = 0·96). Although low ionic strength may be difficult to maintain in low pH samples, the fingerprint method appears to allow precise interpolation of the organic soils’ exchange capacity at field pH.

scholarly journals A three decade assessment of climate-associated changes in forest composition across the north-eastern USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1592-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun K. Bose ◽  
Aaron Weiskittel ◽  
Robert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa

scholarly journals Mothers’ experience of fathers’ support for breast-feeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1780-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Nickerson ◽  
Abby C Sykes ◽  
Teresa T Fung
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Lactation Consultant ◽  
The North ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Feeding Process

AbstractObjectiveTo examine mothers’ experience of support received from fathers for breast-feeding.DesignWe conducted in-depth in-person interviews with women with recent breast-feeding experience. Interview transcripts were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Interviews were designed to explore the mothers’ perception of role of fathers in breast-feeding, education on breast-feeding that fathers received and their perception of the fathers’ view on breast-feeding.SettingUrban and suburban community.SubjectsNineteen women from a metropolitan area in the north-eastern USA.ResultsTen themes emerged, these involved practical and emotional support provided by fathers, especially during times of unexpected breast-feeding challenges. In addition, mothers perceived fathers may benefit from more peer and professional support, lactation consultant service and breast-feeding education.ConclusionsMothers appreciated the support from fathers for breast-feeding continuation, including encouragement and understanding. These results may be useful for health-care practitioners to promote breast-feeding continuation by supporting fathers in their role in the breast-feeding process.

Sperm whales associated with Gulf Stream features off the north-eastern USA shelf

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON T. WARING ◽  
CAROL P. FAIRFIELD ◽  
CYNTHIA M. RUHSAM ◽  
MARGARET SANO
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa

scholarly journals The feasibility of the north-eastern USA supporting the return of the cougar Puma concolor

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Laundré
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Minimal Contact ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Adirondack State Park

AbstractThe cougar Puma concolor was part of the pre-European fauna of the north-eastern USA. It was extirpated in the late 1800s and since the late 1900s there have been discussions concerning its reintroduction to the region. One site considered is Adirondack State Park in northern New York. In 1981 an assessment of the feasibility of returning cougars concluded that the Park had adequate prey and forest cover to support a small population of cougars but that conflicts with humans would cause the demise of this population within 10 years. Thus reintroduction at that time was not advised. Since then knowledge of cougar ecology and how cougars interact with humans has increased substantially. Based on information compiled since the 1980s I conducted a landscape-scale analysis to assess whether cougars could live in the Park. The results indicate that cougars could occupy 15,300–17,000 km2 (61–69%) of the Park, with minimal contact with human habitation. Based on reported cougar densities the Park could support a population of 150–350 cougars. These cougars would consume < 10% of the adult deer population annually and fawn production would be sufficient to replace these losses. Human and road densities in the Park are similar to those of the Black Hills, South Dakota and southern Florida, both of which have viable populations of cougars. I concluded that Adirondack State Park could support a population of cougars. What is now required is the will to bring them back.

scholarly journals Changes in landscape‐scale tree biodiversity in the north‐eastern USA since European settlement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Vellend ◽  
Jonathan R. Thompson ◽  
Victor Danneyrolles ◽  
François Rousseu
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa

Recent frost date trends in the north-eastern USA

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Cooter ◽  
Sharon K. Leduc
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa
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