Four Decades of Environmental Change and Their Influence upon Native Wildlife and Fish on the Mid-Columbia River, Washington, USA

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Rickard ◽  
Donald G. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Hanford Reach

The Hanford Reach of the Columbia River has experienced a great deal of human-imposed environmental change within the past 40 years, as has much of the adjacent land. The major disturbances have been from hydroelectric dams' construction and an intensive expansion of irrigated agriculture. A notable exception to the steady expansion of agriculture and dam-building has been the 1,400 km2 Hanford Site, which was established in 1943. Today, the Hanford Site consists mostly of undeveloped land that still supports native vegetation. It is free from agricultural practices, and has also been essentially free from livestock grazing and the shooting of animal wildlife. This conservative land-use has favoured populations of native wildlife that use the riverine habitats of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River—e.g. Mule Deer, Canada Goose, and Great Blue Heron, are notable instances.The Hanford Reach supports the only mainstem Chinook Salmon spawning habitat on the Columbia River. This population is maintained by a combination of natural spawning and artificial propagation in concert with a regulated harvest of returning adults. Numbers of mainstem spawning Salmon have increased markedly in the past 10 years, and this has attracted increasing numbers of wintering Bald Eagles to the Hanford Reach.

Sustainable Smart-Farming Framework

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Agarwal ◽  
Vijander Singh ◽  
G. L. Saini ◽  
Deepak Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Significant Interest

Agriculture and allied activities play a vital role in a country's economic prosperity. The conventional methods in agricultural practices have become insufficient to cater to the increasing needs. To fulfill the demands, new technologies are to be introduced to raise agricultural standards. Over the past few years, there has been significant interest in designing smart agricultural systems. The manageability of agricultural frameworks has turned into a noteworthy concentration for discusses about future human survival. A significant part of the contention seems to depend on shortsighted understanding of biological models and flops enough to define what maintainability goals are being looked for. To adapt to the undeniably multifaceted nature and between connectedness of current cultivating frameworks with regards to globalization and potential bothers like environmental change, we require a pluralistic way to deal with strategy, which can adapt to the abnormal amounts of vulnerability in these territories and which enables most extreme flexibility of reaction to evolving conditions.

scholarly journals Environmental Reconstructions in the Upper Tana region, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lazarus Kinyua Ngari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
The Past

This article sets out to unravel aspects of environmental changes in the Upper Tana during the second millennium AD. This aspect has not been adequately addressed in the Upper Tana. This makes it clear that a lacuna exists in the study of communities of the Upper Tana and the way they interact with their environment in the past and present times. The objective of this article is to evaluate the relationship between human activities and environmental change in the Upper Tana from AD 1000 to 1950. It is hypothesized that the advent of iron technology and its attendant economic activities led to the depletion of indigenous forests and the general environmental degradation. The article has employed archaeological, ethnographic, oral and historical methodologies to gather data on vegetation change in the Upper Tana and other related regions.  The article, argues that livestock grazing, iron smelting, slush and burn agriculture, and the clearing of forests for housing are key contributors to vegetation change in the Upper Tana.  Results from oral reconstruction of the past vegetation of the area, and using the plant succession theory, shows that the lowland area of the Upper Tana is actually savanna with scattered trees probably inhabited by grazers. It is posited that the above factors, together with persistent droughts have altered the vegetation cover of the area.  What we have today is colonization of less desirable stunted growth. The theory advanced here is that the vegetation change has been a result of human activities.  Overwhelmingly, results the study that the researcher carried out, showed that the causes of these changes have been socio-economically associated with the expansion of agricultural communities into the area; rather than through climatic factors. Colonisation and other forces of modernistion have also contributed to the underlying problem. The article concludes that anthropogenetic factors have greatly contributed to environmental change in the upper Tana. Certainly, environmental change is a global phenomenon that has elicited research interests due to its negative impacts on human population. It is recommended that knowledge of environmental change in the past should be used to extrapolate modern environmental challenges affecting African ecosystems.

Industrial Land-use and the Conservation of Native Biota in the Shrub-steppe Region of Western North America

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Rickard ◽  
Lee E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Shrub Steppe

The Bitterbrush-Sagebrush/Cheatgrass vegetation-type occupies about 300 km2 on the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site in the shrub-steppe region of southeastern Washington State. Prior to 1943, part of the land was used for irrigated agriculture and the remainder as grazing land for domestic livestock. In 1943, farming and livestock grazing were terminated and the resident human population was relocated. Use of the land since 1943 has been industrial, mostly for nuclear energy development. The land is not available for public use and shooting of wildlife is prohibited.Nuclear energy development on the Hanford Site consists of a few large buildings that are widely separated, with undeveloped land in between which supports native plants and animals. This undeveloped land provides habitats for native species that are not adapted to intensive irrigated agriculture—a potential use of almost all of the land in the Bitterbrush-Sagebrush vegetation type. The primary disturbance to vegetation is wildfire. Fire destroys Bitterbrush and Sagebrush and these plants are slow to recolonize the burns. Other species are less affected by burning and are capable of quick recovery. The industrial use of the land provides a potential for the ecological study of self-revegetation of abandoned ploughed ground and the response of biota to wildfire.

An historical analysis of species references in American English

Corpora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
Craig Frayne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
American English ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Google Books

This study uses the two largest available American English language corpora, Google Books and the Corpus of Historical American English (coha), to investigate relations between ecology and language. The paper introduces ecolinguistics as a promising theme for corpus research. While some previous ecolinguistic research has used corpus approaches, there is a case to be made for quantitative methods that draw on larger datasets. Building on other corpus studies that have made connections between language use and environmental change, this paper investigates whether linguistic references to other species have changed in the past two centuries and, if so, how. The methodology consists of two main parts: an examination of the frequency of common names of species followed by aspect-level sentiment analysis of concordance lines. Results point to both opportunities and challenges associated with applying corpus methods to ecolinguistc research.

USING HISTORICAL ANNUAL REPORTS IN TEACHING: LETTING THE PAST BENEFIT THE PRESENT

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Amernic ◽  
Ramy Elitzur
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
The Past ◽  
Response To Environmental Change

In this article, it is suggested that accounting education may be enhanced by the use of published historical accounting materials, such as annual reports. Comparing such materials with modern reports serves to reinforce the notion that accounting evolves in response to environmental change. Further, requiring students to analytically derive cash flow statements from historical published annual reports provides several direct pedagogical benefits.

scholarly journals Himalayan perceptions: Environmental change and the well-being of mountain peoples

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D Ives
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highland Forests ◽  
Development Paradigm

Preview of Himalayan perceptions: Environmental change and the well-being of mountain peoples by JD Ives Routledge, London and New York To be published in August 2004 Himalayan Perspectives returns to the enormously popular development paradigm that Ives dubbed the ‘Theory of Himalayan Degradation’. According to this seductive construct, poverty and overpopulation in the Himalayas was leading to degradation of highland forests, erosion, and downstream flooding. In the ‘Himalayan Dilemma’, Ives and Messerli exposed this “Theory” as a dangerous collection of assumptions and misrepresentations. While most scholars in the field promptly conceded Ives and Messerli’s points, the Theory has somehow survived as the guiding myth of development planners and many government agencies. In his new book, Ives returns to drive a stake through the heart of this revenant. His book not only reviews the research that, over the past 15 years, has confirmed the arguments of the ‘Himalayan Dilemma’; it also takes a close look at all those destructive factors that were overlooked by the conveniently simplistic ‘Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation’: government mismanagement, oppression of mountain minorities, armed conflict, and inappropriate tourism development. Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 17-19, 2004 The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website

CHANGES IN PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTAMINANTS IN BALD EAGLES NESTING ALONG THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Buck ◽  
Robert G. Anthony ◽  
Carol A. Schuler ◽  
Frank B. Isaacs ◽  
Donald E. Tillitt
Keyword(s):  
Columbia River ◽  
Bald Eagles
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