Protected areas, people and incentives in the search for sustainable forest conservation in Honduras

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Richards
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
National Level ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
The Impact

SummaryAttitudes and incentives of people living around protected areas are widely considered to constrain successful management of these areas. Two contrasting protected areas in Honduras, a Biosphere Reserve of high biodiversity rainforest, and a cloud forest providing essential environmental services to the capital city, are analyzed in terms of their management problems and the strategies used for their protection. The response at the national level to the issues raised in these case studies is then assessed, focusing on the impact of government policies, legal changes affecting land tenure and use, and the role of state institutions in protected area management. The case studies indicate that while the non-government organizations (NGOs) have tried to promote a more participatory approach to conservation (with mixed success), the Honduras Government has tried to follow a more regulatory approach but without the resources and political will to implement it effectively. Opportunities have been missed to provide positive incentives for protection, for example in the area of eco-tourism and community-based natural forest management in situations where this would appear to be a viable option. The participatory approach has also been complicated by policies and land legislation which have sent out negative or ambiguous signals to local communities. Above all the case studies show how critical local attitudes are to the achievement of conservation objectives, and demonstrate the need for positive economic incentives that link development with conservation in buffer zones and surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of the Potential Impact of Infrastructure Development on Biodiversity Conservation in Lowland Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Sharma ◽  
Bhagawat Rimal ◽  
Nigel Stork ◽  
Himlal Baral ◽  
Maheshwar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
The Impact

Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate with infrastructure development being one of the leading causes. New infrastructure, such as roads, provides new access and results in increased land clearing and wildlife hunting. A number of large infrastructure projects, including new roads and rail, are being planned in Nepal. We show the application of readily available remotely sensed data and geospatial tools to assess the potential impact of these future developments on habitat quality under three protection-level scenarios. Our findings reveal that there is currently large spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality across the landscape as a result of current anthropogenic threats, and that three areas in particular could have up to 40% reduction in habitat quality as a result of the planned infrastructure. Further research is required to determine more precisely the impact on key species. Strengthening protected areas and buffer zones will contribute to mitigating degradation to some degree, however, large areas of biologically significant areas outside protected areas will be affected without new controls. Our geographic information systems (GIS) based methodology could be used to conduct studies in data poor developing countries, where rapid infrastructure development across ecological sites are ongoing, in order to make society, policy makers, and development planners aware.

Participatory Poverty Assessment Effort in Food Security and Extension Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 481-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rusliyadi ◽  
Azaharaini Bin Hj. Mohd. Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Poverty Assessment ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
The Impact

The impact study assessment aims to evaluate policies and monitor the achievement of targets and the results of a development program such as DMP. The output obtained is information that is an evaluation of how the policy was planned, initiated, and implemented. Participatory monitoring and evaluation analyze the outcome and impact of the DMP Program. PPA seeks to answer the question of whether or not the policy or program is working properly. A participatory approach may improve the outcomes in the form of a new policy model for the future. The output of the PPA process from this study is the agricultural policy formulated in terms of practical ways of approaching poverty problems from a local perspective. The success of alternative policy options applied by local government such as physical, human resources, and institution development at the grassroots level should be adopted at the national level. It should represent the best example of a case of successful program implementation at the grassroots level which can then be used in formulating national policies and strategies.

scholarly journals Considerations in the use of local and national data for evaluating innovation in children’s social care

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oli Preston ◽  
Rebecca Godar ◽  
Michelle Lefevre ◽  
Janet Boddy ◽  
Carlene Firmin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Children's Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Children’S Services ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore the possibilities in using such national, statutory data sets for evaluating change and the challenges of understanding service patterns and outcomes in complex cases when only a limited view can be gained using existing data. The discussion also explores how methodologies can adapt to an evaluation in these circumstances. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the use of data routinely collected by local authorities (LAs) as part of the evaluation of innovation. Issues entailed are discussed and illustrated through two case studies of evaluations conducted by the research team within the context of children’s social care in England. Findings The quantitative analysis of LA data can play an important role in evaluating innovation but researchers will need to address challenges related to: selection of a suitable methodology; identifying appropriate comparator data; accessing data and assessing its quality; and sustaining and increasing the value of analytic work beyond the end of the research. Examples are provided of how the two case studies experienced and addressed these challenges. Research limitations/implications • Quasi-experimental methods can be beneficial tools for understanding the impact of innovation in children’s services, but researchers should also consider the complexity of children’s social care and the use of mixed and appropriate methods. • Those funding innovative practice should consider the additional burden on those working with data and the related data infrastructure if wishing to document and analyse innovation in a robust way. • Data, which may be assumed to be uniform may in fact not be when considered at a multi-area or national level, and further study of the data recording practice of social care professionals is required. Originality/value The paper discusses some common issues experienced in quasi-experimental approaches to the quantitative evaluation of children’s services, which have, until recently, been rarely used in the sector. There are important considerations, which are of relevance to researchers, service leads in children’s social care, data and performance leads and funders of innovation.

scholarly journals Spatial Adaptation of Protected Area Buffer Zones in Urban Setting: Impact on human and conservation agenda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Che Bon Ahmad ◽  
Jamalunlaili Abdullah ◽  
Jasmee Jaafar ◽  
Ahamad Nazrin Aris Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Open Access Article

It is considerably challenging task to have a buffer zone (BZ) around protected areas (PA) in the urban area due to the conflict of interest between conservation and development. There is a need for ‘win-win situation’. This research is to identify the impact of a potential buffer zone on human and conservation of natural environment which derived from the stakeholders’ understanding. In-depth interviews with stakeholders of the PA and their surroundings were carried out. The findings suggested that a ‘dual purpose’ BZ – environmental conservation and socio-economic benefits are suitable for the FRIM area.Keywords:; Buffer Zone Concept; Protected Areas; Urban Setting; FRIM, MalaysiaISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Pub lishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals Driving digital health transformation in hospitals: a formative qualitative evaluation of the English Global Digital Exemplar programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. e100429
Author(s):  
Marta Krasuska ◽  
Robin Williams ◽  
Aziz Sheikh ◽  
Bryony Franklin ◽  
Susan Hinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Sociotechnical Theory ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThere is currently a strong drive internationally towards creating digitally advanced healthcare systems through coordinated efforts at a national level. The English Global Digital Exemplar (GDE) programme is a large-scale national health information technology change programme aiming to promote digitally-enabled transformation in secondary healthcare provider organisations by supporting relatively digitally mature provider organisations to become international centres of excellence.AimTo qualitatively evaluate the impact of the GDE programme in promoting digital transformation in provider organisations that took part in the programme.MethodsWe conducted a series of in-depth case studies in 12 purposively selected provider organisations and a further 24 wider case studies of the remaining organisations participating in the GDE programme. Data collected included 628 interviews, non-participant observations of 190 meetings and workshops and analysis of 9 documents. We used thematic analysis aided by NVivo software and drew on sociotechnical theory to analyse the data.ResultsWe found the GDE programme accelerated digital transformation within participating provider organisations. This acceleration was triggered by: (1) dedicated funding and the associated requirement for matched internal funding, which in turn helped to prioritise digital transformation locally; (2) governance requirements put in place by the programme that helped strengthen existing local governance and project management structures and supported the emergence of a cadre of clinical health informatics leaders locally; and (3) reputational benefits associated with being recognised as a centre of digital excellence, which facilitated organisational buy-in for digital transformation and increased negotiating power with vendors.ConclusionThe GDE programme has been successful in accelerating digital transformation in participating provider organisations. Large-scale digital transformation programmes in healthcare can stimulate local progress through protected funding, putting in place governance structures and leveraging reputational benefits for participating provider organisations, around a coherent vision of transformation.

Peninsular Malaysia's Protected Areas' Coverage, 1903–92: Creation, Rescission, Excision, and Intrusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Robert Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
The Impact

As in other former British colonies, the earliest protected areas in Peninsular Malaysia were game reserves. There were twenty protected areas at the end of the colonial period (1957), and twenty-five in 1992. The outstanding achievement of the colonial period was the creation of King George V National Park (now Taman Negara), but unfortunately too much reliance was subsequently placed upon it. Protected areas were established in economically undesirable or (formerly) remote areas, largely on an ad hoc basis and mainly as a kind of ‘residual’ land-use. The protected areas have long suffered from rescissions, excisions, and encroachments, primarily for three reasons: because commercial interests have always prevailed; because of insecurity of land tenure; and because ordinary people have been denied a stake in such areas.I estimate that the ‘effective’ protected-area coverage in 1992 was probably no greater than that of about AD 1940 (when, unlike the situation today, most of the Peninsula still remained forested). The Malaysian states have been reluctant to create new protected areas, and the federal government has been unwilling to invoke certain of its constitutional powers in order to acquire state lands for national parks. Consequently, proposals for additional protected areas have produced few results. Yet owing to the rapid pace of anthropogenic forest change, the Peninsula is running out of potential sites for new protected ares.Reserved forests comprise virtually all of the Peninsula's remaining forest cover (see Fig. 1). Set aside mainly for productive and protective purposes, it is these forests, not the protected areas, that harbour most of the region's wildlife. This being the case, and keeping in mind that almost all of the wild species are forest-dwelling, it follows that wildlife conservation must come to rely more and more heavily on the reserved forests. Studies conducted by Johns (e.g. 1983, 1986, 1987) at Sungai Tekam, Pahang, on the impact of logging on wildlife, reveal that most species can adapt to the altered conditions of logged forests; or, more precisely, that this appears to be the case following a single logging operation. But this topic, interesting and important as it is, takes us beyond the scope of this paper.The matter of species adaptability, however, brings to mind a more general theme, which is the need to implement the principles of conservation everywhere, not just in specially protected areas. There is, in short, no effective alternative to rational land-use planning and to making conservation an integral part of all production processes.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Impact on the Music Sector in Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nísio Teixeira ◽  
Graziela Mello Vianna ◽  
Ricardo Lima ◽  
Carlos Jáuregui ◽  
Lucianna Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sound Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Impact

This article addresses the difficulties of musicians and measures taken by public and private authorities to mitigate the social impact of Covid-19 in the music sector of Belo Horizonte, capital city of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These are preliminary results of a research developed by the research lab on Sound, Communication, Textualities and Sociability [ESCUTAS (in Portuguese)] at the Social Communication Department of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. This study has two perspectives. First, we surveyed public sources about Brazilian measures for the sector, as we are interested in verifying policies used by the private and public sectors, not only at the national level, but also at regional (state of Minas Gerais) and local (city of Belo Horizonte) levels. Second, we investigate the impact of the pandemic on the city's music sector, considering various categories of the profession such as composers, interpreters, arrangers, music teachers, DJs, among others. This work is part of a scenario of academic research and economic reports on the impacts of the pandemic in the music industry. More specifically, it aims to contribute to discussion on the effects of the social distance on livelihood of professionals of that area.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Land Cover and Use Changes Using Gis Tools. Case Study Băneasa Neighborhood, Bucharest

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Sofia Scăunaș ◽  
C. Păunescu ◽  
G.-L. Merciu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
National Level ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper topic is related to the use of Geographic Information System and remote sensing in analysing the spatio-temporal dynamics of a post-socialist city. The purpose of this study is to highlight the changes in the land use of the Băneasa neighbourhood, located in the northern part of the capital city of Romania. The changes have been analysed from the nineteenth century to the present. The authors used historical mapping using old maps, as well as digitizing aerial photographs using the Geographic Information System. There has been an accelerated territorial evolution in the last 70 years, marked by the impact of the socialist policy of intensive urbanization, when the urban-type systematization was applied through the construction of collective dwellings, to which were added some important industrial units. After 1990, the dynamics of the tertiary sector generated significant changes in the physiognomy of the urban landscape, observing the increase of the built space (commercial spaces, new residential areas) at the expense of green spaces, tree nurseries, greenhouses and industrial sites. The most recent stage of evolution, however, has brought the most profound changes in the landscape of the Băneasa district, as a result of the new political and socio-economic context, marked by the collapse of communism. Thus, in the last 30 years, the capital city has registered an uncontrolled urban growth dynamic, this being characteristic of other large urban centres at the national level as well favoured by less strict, inconsistent and incomplete urban legislation.

scholarly journals Buffer zone use by mammals in a Cerrado protected area

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Montanheiro Paolino ◽  
Natalia Fraguas Versiani ◽  
Nielson Pasqualotto ◽  
Thiago Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Victor Gasperotto Krepschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Impact

Habitat loss and degradation is threatening mammals worldwide. Therefore, Protected Areas (PA) are of utmost importance to preserve biodiversity. Their effectiveness, however, depends on some management strategies such as buffer zones, which prevent/mitigate the impact of external threats and might increase the amount of available habitat for wildlife existing within reserves. Nevertheless, how intensively terrestrial mammals use buffer zones remains little studied, particularly in the Neotropical region. Aiming to analyse the use of a buffer zone (5 km wide) by medium and large-sized mammals, we modelled the occupancy probabilities of five species of conservation concern including local (interior and buffer zone) as a site covariate, simultaneously controlling for imperfect detection. Data collection was made with camera traps from April to September 2013 in a 9000 ha Cerrado PA (“interior”) and in its surrounding area (39721.41 ha; “buffer zone”). This PA (Jataí Ecological Station) is immersed in a landscape where sugarcane plantations predominate in the northeastern of the state of São Paulo. We also conducted an inventory to compare the number and composition of species between interior and buffer zone. A total of 31 mammal species (26 natives) was recorded via camera traps and active search for sightings, vocalizations, tracks and signs. Occupancy estimates for Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Leopardus pardalis and Pecari tajacu were numerically higher in interior. On the other hand, Chrysocyon brachyurus had the highest occupancy in buffer zone, while the largest predator, Puma concolor, used both areas similarly. However, as the confidence intervals (95%) overlapped, the differences in occupancy probabilities between interior and buffer were weak for all these species. Additionally, regarding only the species recorded by cameras, the observed and estimated richness were similar between interior and buffer zone of the PA. Our data demonstrated that the buffer zone is indeed used by medium and large-sized mammals, including conservation-dependent ones. The lack of enforcement of current legislation regarding buffer zones is therefore a real threat for mammals, even when protection is guaranteed in the interior of protected areas.

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