Detection of human cytomegalovirus infection in paraffin sections by modified Steiner silver stain for LM and TEM
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is encountered more frequently in surgical specimens due to the increased number of immunosuppressed patients (organ transplants or HIV positive). Previous studies showed that HCMV infected cells in paraffin sections can be precisely labelled by in situ hybridization or by Grocott's methenamine silver stain for LM and subsequently confirmed by TEM. However, further studies indicate HCMV infection can also be identified by modified Steiner silver stain3 but in a different manner.Modified Steiner silver stained paraffin sections can be processed for TEM as follows: Coverslips are removed by immersion in xylene. A few drops of 1% OsO4, freshly dissolved in xylene, is then pipetted onto each slide for 5 minutes. Aqueous OsO4 can not be used as it will destain the sections instantly. Slides are rinsed in xylene, xylene/acetone and then 100% acetone. The sections are infiltrated with epoxy resin/acetone, embedded in epoxy resin, polymerized and subsequently separated from slides by heat as previously described.