Development of iron granules in honey bee oenocytes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Kuterbach
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Brood Comb ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Rich Material

Foraging honey bees are believed to use the earth's magnetic field, among other cues, in order to home. It has been reported that the abdomen of the honey bee contains magnetite and iron particles have been localized within abdominal oenocytes. Light microscopic investigations reveal that morphologically detectable iron granules are present only in adult animals older than six days after eclosion (emergence from the comb). This is a report of an ultrastructural examination of the oenocytes during the development of the worker honey bee (Apis mellifera) with particular emphasis on the time of appearance, number, and size of iron granules within the cells.Specimens of the different developmental stages were removed from brood comb, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 5mM sodium cacodylate buffer pH 7.3, washed, and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. In order to preserve the lipid-rich material, rapid dehydration was accomplished by three changes of 50% acetone and two changes of 100% acetone before embedding in Polybed 812 epoxy resin.

Oligodendrocytes in Developing Hameter Cerebral Cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Adult Hamster

Development of oligodendrocytes in rat corpus callosum was described as a sequential change in cytoplasmic density which progressed from light to medium to dark (1). In rat optic nerve, changes in cytoplasmic density were not observed, but significant changes in morphology occurred just prior to and during myelination (2). In our study, the ultrastructural development of oligodendrocytes was studied in newborn, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-day and adult frontal cortex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).Young and adult hamster brains were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.3 according to the method of Peters (3). Tissue samples of layer V of the frontal cortex were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin.

scholarly journals Detection of Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) and Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus (AmFV) in Honey Bees in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra C. García-Anaya ◽  
Alejandro Romo-Chacón ◽  
Alma I. Sáenz-Mendoza ◽  
Gerardo Pérez-Ordoñez ◽  
Carlos H. Acosta-Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus ◽  
Colony Loss ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Abstract The recent alarming loss of honey bee colonies around the world is believed to be related to the presence of viruses. The aim of this study was to detect two major viral diseases, Apis mellifera Filamentous virus (AmFV) and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) using Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-PCR, in honey bees in Mexico. Adult and larvae honey bee samples were collected from asymptomatic colonies of six major beekeeping regions in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Both viruses were detected in both developmental stages of honey bees, IAPV at a higher prevalence (23.5%) as compared to AmFV, only in 0.9% of samples. However, this is the first report on AmFV infection in Mexican apiaries. Further studies are required to understand the AmFV and IAPV impact on colony loss in Mexico and to develop strategies for enhancing the control of viral diseases.

Bacterioids in the Rectal Organ of the Lantern Dug Pyrops Candelaria Linn (Homoptera: Fulgoridae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 806-807
Author(s):  
W.W.K. Cheung ◽  
J.B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Special Pair ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

The lantern bug harbours three symbionts, namely a, x and i in its body. These microorganisms are supposed to be transmitted transovarially to the future progeny. The x-symbionts are found in a special pair of organs called the x-organ which bulges to form a rectal organ in adult females. The purpose of this study is to investigate into the fine structure of the x-symbionts. This will serve as a basis for understanding the interactions of this microorganism with its host.The rectum of the lantern bug Pyrops candelaria Linn, was dissected out in buffered insect saline and fixed in 2.5% glutaradehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) for 1 hr. The rectal organ was subsequently post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (pH 7.2) and dehydrated in alcohol/acetone series. These were blocked in Spurr resin and cut with a Reichert Ultratome. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined with a JEOL JEM-1200EX electron microscope. Thick sections (1 μn) were stained with 1% toluidine blue and examined under a Nikon Optiphot light microscope.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics indicates endogenous differences in detoxification capacity after formic acid treatment between honey bees and varroa mites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Genath ◽  
Soroush Sharbati ◽  
Benjamin Buer ◽  
Ralf Nauen ◽  
Ralf Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Current View ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase

AbstractFormic acid (FA) has been used for decades to control Varroa destructor, one of the most important parasites of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. The rather unselective molecular mode of action of FA and its possible effects on honeybees have long been a concern of beekeepers, as it has undesirable side effects that affect the health of bee colonies. This study focuses on short-term transcriptomic changes as analysed by RNAseq in both larval and adult honey bees and in mites after FA treatment under applied conditions. Our study aims to identify those genes in honey bees and varroa mites differentially expressed upon a typical FA hive exposure scenario. Five detoxification-related genes were identified with significantly enhanced and one gene with significantly decreased expression under FA exposure. Regulated genes in our test setting included members of various cytochrome P450 subfamilies, a flavin-dependent monooxygenase and a cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH), known to be involved in formate metabolism in mammals. We were able to detect differences in the regulation of detoxification-associated genes between mites and honey bees as well as between the two different developmental stages of the honey bee. Additionally, we detected repressed regulation of Varroa genes involved in cellular respiration, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction and supporting the current view on the mode of action of FA—inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. This study shows distinct cellular effects induced by FA on the global transcriptome of both host and parasite in comparison. Our expression data might help to identify possible differences in the affected metabolic pathways and thus make a first contribution to elucidate the mode of detoxification of FA.

Fine Structure of Laser Induced Lesions of Rhesus Monkey Retina

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 628-629
Author(s):  
Robert V. Blystone ◽  
William H. Bowie
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Pulse Power ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Train Duration ◽  
Adjacent Marker ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Visible Laser

The retinas of a rhesus monkey were exposed to mode-locked visible laser pulses operated under the following exposure conditions: pulse train duration, lOmsecj pulse width, ∽250 psec; pulse repetition rate,∽104 mHz; wavelength, 514.5 nm. Two threshold levels were determined on the basis of ophthalmoscopically observed lesions at one hour post treatment and at 24 hours post treatment. One hour lesion threshold was∽430 mW peak pulse power and 24 hour lesion threshold was ∽210 mW peak pulse power. A grid of 16 exposures ranging from 282 to 1587 mW were placed in the macula region of the retina with adjacent marker lesions used for co-ordinate calibration. After six months post treatment, the animal was sacrificed and perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer. The eyes were post fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated and embedded in Spurr plastic.

Site of hemocyanin synthesis in the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidiom vulgare

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Faso ◽  
E. Rappa ◽  
G. Vernon ◽  
R. Witkus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

Although hemocyanin, an oxygen binding protein, is found freely dissolved in the hemolymph of isopods its site of synthesis is still unknown.Circulating blood cel Is such as granular hemocytes have been implicated in hemocyanin synthesis in a number of arthropods including Astacus astacus and Homarus vulgaris. Circulating blood cells of Armadillidium vulgare were examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for evidence of hemocyanin synthesis.For each experiment hemolymph was collected from twenty adult A. vulgare and fixed for 1 hour in 200 uL of 3.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate buffer pH 7.4 with 0.05% calcium chloride added. Hemolymph was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm in an IEC-DPR-6000 centrifuge for 15 minutes at 15 degrees centigrade. The supernatant was removed, and the resulting pellet was washed with three changes of sodium cacodylate buffer. Postfixation of the pellet was done in 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 hour.

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CLASSES OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES BY MEANS OF CONTROLLED ALDEHYDE FIXATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bodian
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide Solution ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Peripheral Axon

Examination of variables of aldehyde fixation that may affect the shape of agranular synaptic vesicles has revealed that even brief storage of aldehyde-perfused nervous tissue pieces in cacodylate buffer, prior to hardening in osmium tetroxide, has an unusually severe flattening effect on agranular vesicles of a particular type. These are the vesicles of peripheral cholinergic axon endings, and of certain central synaptic bulbs. Types of synaptic bulbs can now be further defined on the basis of shape of agranular synaptic vesicles under controlled conditions of aldehyde fixation. Previously described "S" bulbs in the spinal cord contain uniformly spheroid vesicles, which are wholly resistant to flattening. Previously described "F" bulbs contain somewhat smaller agranular vesicles that are flattened after aldehyde fixation, even when this is followed by prompt hardening in osmium tetroxide solution. A third type, previously characterized as having irregularly round agranular vesicles after the above treatment, contains only severely flattened vesicles when the osmium tetroxide hardening is preceded by even a brief wash with sodium cacodylate buffer containing sucrose. Moreover, the "third" type is characteristic of all cholinergic peripheral axon endings examined, as well as the large axosomatic ("L") synaptic bulbs of the spinal cord.

Ultrastructural Localization of Cholesterol in Human Arteriosclerosis

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
Karta Sekhri ◽  
Clint Mills ◽  
Henry Younes
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

Several reports have appeared recently demonstrating a technique for the localization of cholesterol in a variety of tissues. The technique is based on the premise that free cholesterol reacts with digitonin to form cholesterol digitonide which appears as needle-like crystals or spicules under the electron microscope.In order to study the fine structure of the aorta, surgical biopsies from several patients (ranging in age from 45 to 68 years) and with clinical evidence of arteriosclerosis were fixed promptly in Flickinger's fixative (2% formaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde) containing 0.2% digitonin but buffered with .1M sodium cacodylate. After fixation for 3 hours aortic samples were washed in cacodylate buffer and post fixed in buffered osmium tetroxide for 2 hours & embedded in Epon-Araldite.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Blaberus Giganteus (L.) Maxillary Palp Sensilla

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
P. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Sensilla Basiconica ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Maxillary Palps ◽  
Scanning Electron

The maxillary palps of B. giganteus are located on the maxillae which lie between the labrum and labium. They are modified appendages used in feeding. Each appendage bears 5 segments, the most distal of which contains the palp organ or sensory pad (Fig. 1). The maxillary palps were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.1) containing .15 M sucrose and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in buffer. This was followed by dehydration and critical point drying. Cryofractography was performed on some of the palp organs prior to drying (1).The sensory pad is composed of an exocuticular membrane upon which lie numerous sensilla basiconica in an elliptical pattern on the ventral surface. The membrane enables the sensory pad to expand and, in living specimens it appears dome-like due to the pressure exerted on it by the hemolymph.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Specializations in Aging Hamster Neurons

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Subsurface Cistern

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has been observed in specialized forms, including the lamellar body (LB) the subsurface cistern (SSC) and a combination of the two known as the lamellar body/sursurface cistern (LB/SSC, Fig. 1) complex. These structures have been described in the neurons of various developing and adult mammals. However, there are no published quantitative reports of these endoplasmic reticulum specializations (ERS) over the life span of a species. In this investigation, quantitative changes were studied in 15- (immature), 100-, 500-(mature), 600- and 700-day (aged) postnatal pyramidal neurons in the frontal cortex of golden hamsters (Mescricetus auratus).The anesthetized animals were perfused with glutaraldehyde-paraformaldhyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3) after the method of Peters. Tissue samples were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin. Lengths were obtained with the BioQuant Image Analyzer (R & M Biometrics, Nashville, TN).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document