Predicting iron ore sinter strength through partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (S2) ◽  
pp. S66-S69
Author(s):  
Nathan A.S. Webster ◽  
Mark I. Pownceby ◽  
Natalie Ware ◽  
Rachel Pattel
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sinter Strength ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter

The decrease in quality of Australian iron ore, coupled with the demand for more efficient energy use, means that closer monitoring and optimisation of process conditions for iron ore sinter production is required. Here, the suitability of using partial least-squares regression analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data, collected for iron ore sinter samples, for the prediction of iron ore sinter strength has been further assessed. In addition, a preliminary assessment of the effect of 2θ range on the quality of prediction has been made. For the purposes of process control, the level of correlation between predicted strength and actual sinter strength would inform an operator whether or not the process was operating within the acceptable limits, or whether there was a potential problem requiring further investigation or rapid intervention. Reducing the 2θ range was found to reduce the level of correlation between predicted and actual strength, to a point where the particular analysis may no longer be suitable for process control.

In situX-ray diffraction analysis of iron ore sinter phases

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola V. Y. Scarlett ◽  
Ian C. Madsen ◽  
Mark I. Pownceby ◽  
Axel N. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
Bonding Phase

Owing to the depletion of world lump iron ore stocks, pre-treated agglomerates of fine ores are making up a growing proportion of blast-furnace feedstock (∼80%). These agglomerations, or `sinters', are generally composed of iron oxides, ferrites (most of which are silicoferrites of calcium and aluminium, SFCAs), glasses and dicalcium silicates (C2S). SFCA is the most important bonding phase in iron ore sinter, and its composition, structural type and texture greatly affect its physical properties. Despite its prevalence and importance, the mechanism of SFCA formation is not fully understood.In situpowder X-ray diffraction investigations have been conducted into the formation of SFCA, allowing the study of the mechanism of its formation and the observation of intermediate phases with respect to time and temperature. Studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of changing the substitution levels of aluminium for iron. The use of the Rietveld method for phase quantification gives an indication of the order and comparative rates of phase formation throughout the experiments.

scholarly journals Automated Optical Image Analysis of Iron Ore Sinter

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Eugene Donskoi ◽  
Sarath Hapugoda ◽  
James Robert Manuel ◽  
Andrei Poliakov ◽  
Michael John Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Very High

Sinter quality is a key element for stable blast furnace operation. Sinter strength and reducibility depend considerably on the mineral composition and associated textural features. During sinter optical image analysis (OIA), it is important to distinguish different morphologies of the same mineral such as primary/secondary hematite, and types of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA). Standard red, green and blue (RGB) thresholding cannot effectively segment such morphologies one from another. The Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization’s (CSIRO) OIA software Mineral4/Recognition4 incorporates a unique textural identification module allowing various textures/morphologies of the same mineral to be discriminated. Together with other capabilities of the software, this feature was used for the examination of iron ore sinters where the ability to segment different types of hematite (primary versus secondary), different morphological sub-types of SFCA (platy and prismatic), and other common sinter phases such as magnetite, larnite, glass and remnant aluminosilicates is crucial for quantifying sinter petrology. Three different sinter samples were examined. Visual comparison showed very high correlation between manual and automated phase identification. The OIA results also gave high correlations with manual point counting, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis results. Sinter textural classification performed by Recognition4 showed a high potential for deep understanding of sinter properties and the changes of such properties under different sintering conditions.

Structural Analysis of Sinter with Titanium Addition / Analiza Strukturalna Spieku Z Dodatkiem Tytanu

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fröhlichová ◽  
R. Findorák ◽  
J. Legemza
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sinter Production ◽  
Titanium Addition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
The Relationship

Paper presents the results from the study of the effect of materials with titanium addition on the strength properties of the iron ore sinter. The sinters with TiO2 addition or without TiO2 addition prepared in laboratory were applied in this research and were compared based on the structural and phase composition. Exploited was the method of the X-ray diffraction and method of elemental EDX analysis applying the electron raster microscope with the energo-dispersion analyser. Confirmed was the relationship between the sinter structure and its strength. Higher strength of the sinter without TiO2 addition is the result of the different phase composition of the compared sinters. In the sinter production considered should be not only the chemical composition of the entry components of the charge and the chemical composition of the final product but also its structural and phase composition.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

Study of the quality of GaAs thin film on Si substrate by X-ray diffraction method

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Li Chaorong ◽  
Mai Zhenhong ◽  
Cui Shufan ◽  
Zhou Junming ◽  
Yutian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals High temperature structural study of decagonal Al-Cu-Rh quasicrystal.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C94-C94
Author(s):  
Pawel Kuczera ◽  
Walter Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Lattice Vibrations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
The Stability

The structure of d(ecagonal)-Al-Cu-Rh has been studied as a function of temperature by in-situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction in order to contribute to the discussion on energy or entropy stabilization of quasicrystals (QC) [1]. The experiments were performed at 293 K, 1223 K, 1153 K, 1083 K, and 1013 K. A common subset of 1460 unique reflections was used for the comparative structure refinements at each temperature. The results obtained for the HT structure refinements of d-Al-Cu-Rh QC seem to contradict a pure phasonic-entropy-based stabilization mechanism [2] for this QC. The trends observed for the ln func(I(T1 )/I(T2 )) vs.|k⊥ |^2 plots indicate that the best on-average quasiperiodic order exists between 1083 K and 1153 K, however, what that actually means is unclear. It could indicate towards a small phasonic contribution to entropy, but such contribution is not seen in the structure refinements. A rough estimation of the hypothetic phason instability temperature shows that it would be kinetically inaccessible and thus the phase transition to a 12 Å low T structure (at ~800 K) is most likely not phason-driven. Except for the obvious increase in the amplitude of the thermal motion, no other significant structural changes, in particular no sources of additional phason-related configurational entropy, were found. All structures are refined to very similar R-values, which proves that the quality of the refinement at each temperature is the same. This suggests, that concerning the stability factors, some QCs could be similar to other HT complex intermetallic phases. The experimental results clearly show that at least the ~4 Å structure of d-Al-Cu-Rh is a HT phase therefore entropy plays an important role in its stabilisation mechanism lowering the free energy. However, the main source of this entropy is probably not related to phason flips, but rather to lattice vibrations, occupational disorder unrelated to phason flips like split positions along the periodic axis.

Crystalline and Electrical Properties of Ferroelectric Silver Niobate-tantalate thin Films

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hyuk Koh ◽  
S.I. Khartsev ◽  
Alex Grishin ◽  
Vladimir Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferroelectric State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferroelectric Hysteresis ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time AgTa0.38Nb0.62O3 (ATN) films have been grown on the La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO)/LaAlO3 single crystal as well as onto Pt80Ir20 (PtIr) polycrystalline substrate. Comprehensive X-ray diffraction analyses reveal epitaxial quality of ATN and LSCO films on the LaAlO3(001) substrate, while ATN/PtIr films have been found to be (001) preferentially oriented. Dielectric spectroscopy performed for ATN films and bulk ceramics in a wide temperature range 77 to 420 K shows the structural monoclinic M1-to-monoclinic M2 phase transition occurs in films at the temperature 60 °C lower than in ceramics. The tracing of the ferroelectric hysteresis P-E loops indicates the ferroelectric state in ATN films at temperatures below 125 K and yields remnant polarization of 0.4 μC/cm2 @ 77 K. Weak frequency dispersion, high temperature stability of dielectric properties as well as low processing temperature of 550 °C make ATN films to be attractive for various applications.

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