Effect of Imazethapyr on Perennial Grasses

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Grama ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Experiments were conducted near Scottsbluff, NE in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate the selectivity of imazethapyr for weed control in blue grama, intermediate wheatgrass, little bluestem, Russian wildrye, switchgrass, and western wheatgrass. Imazethapyr reduced weed biomass in all seedings and injured all perennial grasses 12 days after treatment (DAT). Imazethapyr reduced the height of intermediate wheatgrass, Russian wildrye, and switchgrass 35 DAT. Russian wildrye, and switchgrass biomass 50 DAT was reduced by imazethapyr. Weed biomass in new seedings of intermediate wheatgrass and western wheatgrass were reduced more than that of the other grasses.

Effect of Perennial Grasses on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Stephen D. Kachman
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Grass Biomass

An experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, to assess three techniques for establishing perennial grasses in pasture sites and to evaluate the effectiveness of five perennial grasses compared with herbicide or mowing for Canada thistle control. Perennial grass density 9 mo after seeding and perennial grass biomass 12 mo after seeding both followed the same trend, indicating that preplant rototilling improved perennial grass establishment. After 3 yr, Canada thistle control was greater than 90% in plots where perennial grasses had been established utilizing preplant rototilling, and competitive grasses were as effective as yearly applications of clopyralid at 0.55 kg/ha for controlling Canada thistle. Averaged across two studies conducted for 3 yr, hybrid wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Russian wildrye, tall fescue, and western wheatgrass provided 85, 74, 76, 78, and 66% Canada thistle control, respectively.

Effect of Imazethapyr on Legumes and the Effect of Legumes on Weeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Weed Biomass

A three-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the selectivity of POST-applied imazethapyr for weed control in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, sainfoin, and yellow sweetclover. Imazethapyr injured all legumes 15 DAT. Imazethapyr also reduced the height of birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, and yellow sweeclover 28 DAT. Legume first cutting yields were not reduced by imazethapyr and with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, and sainfoin, first cutting yields were increased by imazethapyr. Imazethapyr reduced weed biomass in all legume seedings. Weed biomass in new seedings of alfalfa was reduced more than that of the other legumes.

Influence of Oat (Avena sativa) Interseeding on Weed Suppression in the Final Year of an Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Stand

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Thomas Lanini ◽  
Steve B. Orloff ◽  
Warren E. Bendixen ◽  
W. Michael Canevari ◽  
Jerry L. Schmierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Forage Yields

Paraquat, cultivation, or cultivation plus oat interseeding (56 or 84 kg/ha) into established alfalfa were evaluated for their effect on weeds, forage yield, and forage composition at Santa Ynez, Lancaster, and Stockton, CA. Treatments were applied during the winter to dormant alfalfa and evaluated in the subsequent harvest season. Paraquat reduced first harvest total forage yields 20 to 33% compared to untreated alfalfa, whereas oat interseeding increased total forage yields 16 to 36%. Cultivation reduced total forage yield in the first cutting by 26% at Lancaster but did not affect forage yield at the other sites. Total or component forage yields were not affected by any treatment in the second and subsequent harvests, with the exception of weeds. Paraquat reduced weed biomass in the first harvest by 45 and 49% at Lancaster and Stockton. Oat interseeding reduced first harvest weed biomass by 80% at Lancaster but did not affect weed biomass at Stockton or Santa Ynez. Oat interseeding or paraquat treatment reduced weed biomass in the second harvest at Stockton, but did not affect weeds in any other harvest at any of the sites. Oat interseeding was comparable to paraquat treatment for weed control, with the advantage of also increasing first harvest forage yield.

scholarly journals Hoeing as a Possibility for Mechanical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Crops ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schwabe ◽  
Sabine Gruber ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Plant

The framework conditions for chemical weed control in oilseed rape (OSR) are becoming increasingly unfavorable in Central Europe. On the one hand, weed resistance is spreading and, on the other, there is a growing social desire to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical crop protection products. In a field experiment, hoeing, as a weed control measure performed two times per growing season (one time in autumn and one time in spring) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus; two varieties), was compared to chemical control by herbicides and a combination of hoeing and herbicide application (five treatments altogether). The chemical control by herbicides consisted of a broad-spectrum pre-emergence treatment and a post-emergence graminicide application. The trial was set up in each of three periods (years 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017) at the experimental station Ihinger Hof, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. The effect of the treatments on weed plant density, weed biomass at the time of harvesting, and on OSR grain yield was investigated. Weed plant density was measured four times per trial year, each time before and after hoeing. In 2015/2016 after spring hoeing, and in 2016/2017 at all data collection times, weed plant density was significantly higher in hoeing without herbicide application than in the other variants. No significant differences occurred at the other data collection times. The weed plant density ranged from 0.5 to 57.8 plants m−2. Regardless of the trial year, pure hoeing always resulted in a significantly higher weed biomass at the time of harvesting than the herbicide applications or the combinations. The weed biomass at the time of harvesting ranged between 0.1 and 54.7 g m−2. No significant differences in grain yield between hoeing and herbicide application occurred in all three trial years. According to the results, hoeing is a suitable extension of existing integrated weed control strategies in OSR.

scholarly journals Competitive Grasses for Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Reduction

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Dwight A. Tober
Keyword(s):  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Twelve grass genotypes were evaluated for competitiveness with leafy spurge and herbage yield in two sites in North Dakota. ‘Rebound’ smooth brome, ‘Rodan’ western wheatgrass, ‘Bozoisky’ Russian wildrye, and ‘Arthur’ Dahurian wildrye reduced leafy spurge stem density an average of 63% after 3 yr in a silty clay soil at Fargo. ‘Reliant’ intermediate wheatgrass reduced leafy spurge stem density every year for 3 yr, including an 85% reduction the second year after planting, and consistently produced high herbage yields. Rebound smooth brome and Reliant intermediate wheatgrass averaged 72% leafy spurge reduction 3 yr after seeding in a loamy sand soil at Jamestown. Reliant intermediate wheatgrass and ‘Manska’ pubescent wheatgrass provided the most consistent herbage production, which averaged about 2,000 kg/ha annually for 3 yr.

Propoxycarbazone-Sodium and Imazapic Effects on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Newly Seeded Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Sbatella ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Charlie Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Russian Wildrye

AbstractVigorous stands of perennial grasses can effectively provide long-term control of many invasive plants on rangelands. However, in degraded conditions, successful reestablishment of perennial grasses can be compromised by invasive annual grasses, such as downy brome. Propoxycarbazone-sodium is a selective herbicide currently labeled for downy brome control in small grains, but its potential use on rangelands is unknown. Studies were conducted from 2004 through 2008 at three rangeland sites in Colorado and Nebraska to evaluate downy brome control and perennial grass injury with propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic. Propoxycarbazone-sodium provided satisfactory downy brome control with grass injury equal to or less than imazapic when rainfall followed the fall application. A second set of studies was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at Lingle, WY, and Scottsbluff, NE, to determine the plant-back interval and postemergence application response of seven perennial grass species to propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic. Grass tolerance to both herbicides was good when applied 90 and 120 d before planting (DBP). However, grass injury increased as plant-back interval decreased. The greatest impact on plant biomass was observed from herbicide applied at planting or after planting. Crested and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatumandThinopyrum intermedium) biomass production was not affected when herbicides were applied 90 or 120 DBP. Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) showed tolerance to imazapic applied before planting. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) showed the least amount of tolerance to propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic.

scholarly journals Effect of Glyphosate on Introduced and Native Grasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Donald R. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Fall Application

The effect of glyphosate applied alone and with 2,4-D as a commercial mixture on 30 native or introduced grass species was evaluated. Grass yield averaged 98 and 87% of the untreated controls when glyphosate was applied in the fall at 0.2 or 0.4 kg ae ha-1, respectively, alone or with 2,4-D at 0.35 or 0.7 kg ae ha-1. Western wheatgrass production decreased more than any other species present in a native rangeland site following either a spring or fall glyphosate application. In seeded plots, intermediate wheatgrass was the most and ‘Fairway’ crested wheatgrass the least susceptible to glyphosate plus 2,4-D with average yields of 57 and 97% compared with untreated controls of each species, respectively. Glyphosate reduced the yield of ‘Nordan’ standard crested wheatgrass more than that of Fairway crested wheatgrass or other diploid cultivars. The greater the spring precipitation following a fall application of glyphosate, the less effect of glyphosate on forage yield. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D can be used for weed control in pasture and rangeland provided some yield reduction is acceptable.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Weed Management Practices on the Growth and Yield Components of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) in Western Region of Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mayaka Justus Mogaka ◽  
Korir Kibet Nicholas ◽  
Wafula Wekha Nelson ◽  
Joseph P. Onyango Gweyi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Finger millet (Elusine coracana) accounts for 8% of the total area and 11% of the millet production worldwide.  It is grown on over 4 million ha globally, mainly for food purposes. Millions of people in the dry lands of Central and East Africa, and South of India depend on finger millet as an important source of food to them (CGIAR, 2001). Finger millet is one of the most neglected and underutilized crops. Additionally, the crop has received limited research attention compared to wheat, rice, and maize (FAO, 2011). Therefore, production challenges such as those caused by weeds like goose grass Elusine indica remain at large. Manual weeding is the commonly employed weed control method in finger millet production, but is expensive and labour intensive. The current study was set to evaluate the influence of weed management practices on finger millet growth and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The plots measured 2 by 2m with a border width of 1m. The treatments included Pendimethalin, Dimethyl amine, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, Atrazine (at three rates each 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 l/ha), No weeding and Hand weeding. Data was collected on the number of weed species, weed biomass, number of basal tillers, herbicide phytotoxicity, weed and crop heights, number of panicles, weight of panicles, weight of un-threshed and threshed grains and 1000 grain weight. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA using GenStat version 15.1. Application of Pendimethalin at 1.5 and 2.0 L/ha Active Ingredient (AI), resulted in weed optimal control and least phytotoxicity. Results also indicated that the height of finger millet was significantly (p<0.001) higher where the herbicides were applied. Lower weed biomass was also positively correlated with higher crop height, more panicles, high unthreshed and threshed weights and a 1000 grain weight. Application of 2,4D at rates of 1.5L and 2.0L resulted in significantly taller plants 33.00 cm, than the other weed management methods. Finger millet under Pendimethalin 1.5 L gave the highest number of 86 panicles while Atrazine 2.0L and Pendimethalin1.5L methods of weed control, had significantly higher weight compared to all the other treatments. The 1000 seed mass across the treatments averaged 2.31 g while the on the untreated treatments had an average of 1.54 g. Weed control using pre emergence herbicides significantly (p<0.001) increased the yields of finger millet.

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

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