Influence of Diclofop and Dithiopyr on Spring Transition of a Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Green Overseeeded with Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Spring Transition ◽  
Application Date

Diclofop and dithiopyr were applied in April and early May during 1992 and 1993, to a ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass golf green overseeded with perennial ryegrass, to determine the effects of rates and dates on perennial ryegrass injury and on transition from a mixed cool- and warm-season grass to bermudagrass turf. Diclofop applied as a single application at 0.6 kg/ha or two applications at 0.3 kg/ha during April and/or early May gradually reduced perennial ryegrass during June and July when compared with untreated turf. During this period, both grasses treated with diclofop maintained 94% or greater cover. However, perennial ryegrass was moderately to severely injured from the treatments. Maximum injury from the 0.6 kg/ha rate ranged from 40 to 55% during 1992 and 29 to 33% during 1993. The injury was pronounced over a period of one to three weeks. Maximum injury from 0.3 kg/ha applied on April 3 and repeated at the same rate on April 17 was 28% in 1992 and 37% in 1993. Perennial ryegrass injury from split applications was lower than from the single 0.6 kg/ha rate in 1992. The optimum time and rate for effective spring transition with least amount of perennial ryegrass injury was 0.3 kg/ha applied on April 5 and repeated at the same rate on April 17. Dithiopyr did not affect the spring transition of overseeded perennial ryegrass to bermudagrass, regardless of rate and application date.

Effects of Pronamide on Spring Transition of a Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Green Overseeded With Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Spring Transition

Pronamide was applied to a ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass golf green overseeded with perennial ryegrass during 1988 and 1989 to determine how herbicide rate and date affected ryegrass injury on transition back to a bermudagrass monostand. In most instances, perennial ryegrass was injured less when pronamide was applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai/ha March 30 or April 13 than when application was delayed until April 28 or May 14. Perennial ryegrass injury lasted longer when 0.28 kg/ha was applied twice (March and/or April) than when applied singly at 0.28 kg/ha March 30 or April 13. The optimum time and rate of pronamide for effective transition was April 13 and 0.56 kg/ha, respectively.

Influence of Spring-Applied Herbicides on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Greens Overseeded with Roughstalk Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Poa Trivialis

Premergence (PRE) herbicides were applied to a bermudagrass golf green overseeded with ‘Laser’ roughstalk bluegrass during 1995 and 1996 to determine their effects on roughstalk bluegrass injury and on the transition from a mixed cool- and warm-season grass back to the permanent bermudagrass. Roughstalk bluegrass tolerated single March applications of trifluralin plus benefin at 2.2 kg/ha, pendimethalin at 3.4 kg/ha, dithiopyr at 0.6 kg/ha, prodiamine at 0.8 kg/ha, bensulide plus oxadiazon at 8.4 kg/ha, and bensulide at 11.2 kg/ha. A single March application of oxadiazon plus benefin at 3.4 kg/ha severely injured (35%) the overseeded turf in 1 yr, but not when 1.7 kg/ha was applied in March and repeated in May. One-half recommended rates of oxadiazon and bensulide plus oxadiazon applied in March did not cause any undesirable injury, but when repeated in May, moderate to severe injury (28 to 33%) occurred in June. Oryzalin at ≥ 1.1 kg/ha, benefin plus oryzalin at ≥ 1.1 kg/ha, and oxyfluorfen plus oryzalin at ≥ 1.7 kg/ha severely injured (≥ 35%) roughstalk bluegrass. The rate of transition of mixed roughstalk bluegrass and bermudagrass back to permanent bermudagrass was not affected by any of the PRE herbicides except when oryzalin was applied alone or in combination with benefin or oxyfluorfen.

Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Overseeded Bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.) Golf Greens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Spring Transition

Ethofumesate, [(+)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] applied preemergence provided selective control of annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) overseeded on dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. XC. transvaalensisBurtt Davy ‘Tifdwarf’] golf greens. Control in excess of 95% was obtained with single applications at the 2.2 kg/ha rate in 2 of 3 yr, but multiple applications were required when ethofumesate was applied at 1.1 kg/ha or less. Ethofumesate caused temporary cessation of bermudagrass growth when applied in the fall. February applications slowed the spring transition to bermudagrass.

scholarly journals Development of a Strip Seeder for Converting Cool-season Turf to Seeded Bermudagrass

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fry ◽  
Randy Taylor ◽  
Bob Wolf ◽  
Dick Stuntz ◽  
Alan Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Establishment Process

Turfgrass managers in the transition zone are interested in converting swards of cool-season grasses to cold-hardy seeded bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in an effort to reduce water and fungicide inputs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for establishing ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass in a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) sward by using a strip-seeding technique, and then to build a machine that would facilitate the process. Four, 2-inch-wide tilled rows, 1 inch deep and 15 inches apart, were created in 6 × 6-ft plots and seeded by hand with ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass at 104 lb/acre pure live seed in July 2002. In one set of strip-seeded plots, a 7-cm-wide overspray of glyphosate (≈0.5 inch on either side of the row) was applied over tilled rows after seeding to suppress perennial ryegrass further. Plots established by the strip-seeding technique exhibited 71% bermudagrass coverage after two growing seasons, and 87% coverage when rows received a glyphosate overspray. Broadcasting ‘Riviera’ seed into perennial ryegrass plots resulted in 60% bermudagrass coverage at the end of the second season of establishment. A strip seeder was constructed and used to seed ‘Riviera’ into existing perennial ryegrass turf in late July 2004 using the aforementioned row configurations and a glyphosate overspray. Coverage evaluated the following spring, before green-up, was 10.3% compared with 0% coverage where ‘Riviera’ was broadcast seeded. At the seeding rates evaluated, 79% less ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass seed was required when using the strip-seeding method, and golfers would consider the surface more amenable to play during the establishment period compared with broadcasting glyphosate and seed. A patent is pending on the strip-seeding equipment and establishment process.

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass and Perennial Ryegrass Seedling Tolerance to Bispyribac-sodium

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2186-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dernoeden ◽  
Steven J. McDonald ◽  
John E. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Establishing creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. (CBG)] and perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. (PRG)] from seed can be hampered by competition from annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Bispyribac-sodium (BPS) is a postemergence annual bluegrass herbicide that may have applications for use when establishing these grasses. This field study was undertaken to determine if BPS could be applied safely to CBG and PRG seedlings. Ethofumesate (ETHO) was applied sequentially (840 + 840 g·ha−1 a.i.) and served as a standard. In 2004, BPS was applied once (49, 74, 111, and 148 g·ha−1 a.i.) or sequentially (49 + 49 and 74 + 74 g·ha−1 a.i.) to CBG and PRG seedlings 4 weeks after emergence in Maryland. In 2004, BPS discolored CBG and PRG and reduced PRG cover, whereas ETHO reduced CBG cover but was not injurious to PRG. In 2005, a single (148 g·ha−1 a.i.) and sequential (25 + 25, 49 + 49 and 74 + 74 g·ha−1 a.i.) applications of BPS were made to CBG and PRG 2 and 4 weeks after seedling emergence (WASE) in Maryland and Connecticut. Treatments applied 2 WASE generally resulted in more injury when compared with applications made 4 WASE. In Maryland in 2005, CBG only sustained long-term loss of cover when treated 2 WASE with 148 g·ha−1 a.i. of BPS. The PRG was more sensitive to BPS and 148 g·ha−1 a.i. applied once and sequential treatments 49 g·ha−1 a.i. or greater applied 2 and 4 WASE generally caused the greatest loss in PRG cover. Conversely, CBG was severely injured by all BPS treatments and ETHO in Connecticut. In PRG, only 25 + 25 g·ha−1 a.i. of BPS and ETHO in both timings did not cause a loss in cover in Connecticut or Maryland. High levels of precipitation and probably other unknown factors may have enhanced the phytotoxicity observed in Connecticut. Ethofumesate generally was safer than BPS for use on PRG seedlings.

scholarly journals Effect of the season on establishment of some turf grasses under the climatic conditions in eastern Morocco

2021 ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Khadija CHARIF ◽  
Ibtissam MZABRI ◽  
Maria RIMANI ◽  
Azzouz BOUKROUTE ◽  
Noureddine KOUDDANE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern Morocco

The turfgrass establishment is an important criterion for the choice of turfgrass species. The faster a lawn is established the more benefits it has to offer for landscapers. The objective of this work is to study the growth speed and development of six species. Four of them are cool-season ones (temperate): Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Agrostis stolonifera and Poa pratensis while the other two are warm-season ones (tropical): Pennisetum clandestinum and Cynodon dactylon. The species are seeded in two distinct periods: spring and autumn and are studied under the climatic conditions of the eastern region of Morocco which is characterized by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate with continental tendency known for its severe cold in winter. The coverage rate is the parameter considered in order to determine the duration of establishment for each species. The study was conducted in the experimental station of the Faculty of Sciences of Oujda. The results show that the establishment pace differs depending on the season and the nature of the species. Autumn is the suitable season for temperate species, while tropical species have shown a faster growth in spring. Lolium perenne and Cynodon dactylon are the fastest species to establish as they need a maximum of 30 days after the seedlings’ development. Poa pratensis is the last species to cover the total area seeded within 50 and 60 days during the two season’s spring and autumn respectively

Control of Roughstalk Bluegrass (Poa trivialis) with Fenoxaprop in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Grown for Seed

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Mueller-Warrant
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Earlier Application ◽  
Optimum Application

Fenoxaprop applied between late winter and mid-spring selectively controlled roughstalk bluegrass in perennial ryegrass grown for seed in Oregon. Fenoxaprop applied after the arrival of warmer weather in late March had enhanced effectiveness against roughstalk bluegrass compared to earlier application. However, additional delay into April increased damage to perennial ryegrass. Optimum application date coincided with a 15- to 18-cm perennial ryegrass canopy height. Mixed stands of seedling and established roughstalk bluegrass were more consistently controlled by 0.28 kg ai/ha fenoxaprop than by lower rates.

Response to Ethofumesate of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Overseeded Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) was controlled in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] turf when ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] was applied at 1.1 kg/ha in October and again in November, but not when applied in February and March. A single, October ethofumesate treatment, did not affect spring growth of nonoverseeded bermudagrass, but the growth of selected cultivars was delayed slightly from October + November treatment. Turf growth was severely delayed for all bermudagrass cultivars when ethofumesate treatments were delayed until February and March. The October and November ethofumesate treatments reduced the quality of overseeded perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne(L.) ‘Medalist VI’] slightly, but did not injure it permanently and the turf recovered fully. The transition from ryegrass back to bermudagrass turf was good in the spring regardless of ethofumesate treatment. Even though turf cover was excellent throughout the transition period, bermudagrass cover during June and July was less when ethofumesate was applied in October than when application was delayed until after bermudagrass became dormant.

scholarly journals Switchgrass Cultivar/Ecotype Selection and Management for Biofuels in the Upper Southeast USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocky Lemus ◽  
David J. Parrish ◽  
Dale D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Tiller Density

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.), a perennial warm-season grass indigenous to the eastern USA, has potential as a biofuels feedstock. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of upland and lowland switchgrass cultivars under different environments and management treatments. Four cultivars of switchgrass were evaluated from 2000 to 2001 under two management regimes in plots established in 1992 at eight locations in the upper southeastern USA. Two management treatments included 1) a single annual harvest (in late October to early November) and a single application of 50 kg N/ha/yr and 2) two annual harvests (in midsummer and November) and a split application of 100 kg N/ha/yr. Biomass yields averaged 15 Mg/ha/yr and ranged from 10 to 22 Mg/ha/yr across cultivars, managements, locations, and years. There was no yield advantage in taking two harvests of the lowland cultivars (Alamo and Kanlow). When harvested twice, upland cultivars (Cave-in-Rock and Shelter) provided yields equivalent to the lowland ecotypes. Tiller density was 36% lower in stands cutting only once per year, but the stands appeared vigorous after nine years of such management. Lowland cultivars and a one-cutting management (after the tops have senesced) using low rates of applied N (50 kg/ha) are recommended.

scholarly journals Impact of Overseeding Bermudagrass with Various Amounts of Perennial Ryegrass for Winter Putting Turf

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Mazur ◽  
J.S. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Spring Transition

Research was conducted to determine the influence of the rate of seeding perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) over bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] on both the establishment of the ryegrass and the quality of bermudagrass golf greens. Increasing seeding rate from 90 to 180 g·m–2 resulted in more rapid establishment and a linear increase in turf quality. Turf density, as measured by leaf number, displayed linear and quadratic responses to seeding rates, with higher rates producing the greatest leaf numbers. Leaf width declined linearly with seeding rate, suggesting higher putting quality, as did tillers per plant. Spring transition to bermudagrass was slowed at high (150–180 g·m–2) seeding rates, with significantly more ryegrass present in late May. Emergence and growth of bermudagrass were suppressed longer at the higher overseeding rates. We conclude that the choice of seeding rate for ryegrass is a compromise between rapid development of, and maintenance of, quality turf vs. early smooth transition to bermudagrass in the spring.

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