Israeli Civilians versus Palestinian Combatants? Reading the Goldstone Report in Light of the Israeli Conception of the Principle of Distinction

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-PHILIPPE KOT

AbstractGoldstone's recent retraction can leave the reader of the report that bears his name somewhat perplexed. Indeed, if the deliberate intent to target civilians could be discussed in some specific attacks listed, such a report nevertheless describes a pattern of behaviour that cannot be swept aside without disregarding the order of priorities set by the Israeli legal system itself. Through analysis of the new Israeli military code of ethics as well as the Israeli Supreme Court case law, this paper examines how civilians in Gaza were deliberately put at risk by a specific interpretation breaking down the flat rule of civilian immunity into a more complex construction opposing the Israeli soldiers’ right to life to the rights of an ‘enemy population’.

Author(s):  
Adrian Kuenzler

This chapter analyzes existing U.S. Supreme Court case law with respect to, on the one hand, antitrust’s minimum resale price maintenance plans, bundling and tying practices, as well as refusals to deal, and, on the other hand, trademark law’s dilution, postsale, sponsorship, and initial interest confusion doctrines, including design patent and selected areas of copyright law. It demonstrates that courts, based on the free riding hypothesis, have come to protect increasing amounts of artificial shortage of everyday consumer goods and services and corresponding incentives to innovate. Through the preservation of such values, antitrust and intellectual property laws have evolved into “dilution laws” and have focused, almost exclusively, on the refurbishment of the technological supply side of our present-day digital economies rather than also on the human demand side of “creative consumption.”


Author(s):  
JOSÉ MANUEL CASTELLS ARTECHE

Se hace notar que en situaciones de excepción, sea en un aspecto coyuntural (la actual crisis económica), sea estructural (las medidas de emergencia justificadas en razones de necesidad), se afecta normalmente aunque no necesariamente a los principios propios de un Estado de Derecho. Se aportan ejemplos de la realidad actual o de momentos claves de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Salbuespeneko egoeretan, dela egoera koiunturala (egungo krisi ekonomikoa), dela egiturazkoa (premiagatik justifikatuta dauden larrialdiko neurriak), gehienetan, baina ez beti, Zuzenbide Estatutuaren printzipio funtsezkoetara jotzen da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Epaitegi Gorenaren jurisprudentziaren gaur egungo errealitatearen edo une gailurren adibideak aztertzen dira. It is pointed out that in exceptional circumstances, either from a temporary point of view (current economic crisis) or from a structural point of view (emergency measures justified by reasons of necessity), is normally affected albeit not necessarily the same principles of the Rule of Law. Some current real examples or key moments in United States¿ Supreme Court case law are provided.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Macdonald ◽  
Ruth Atkins ◽  
Jens Krebs

This chapter looks at the need for certainty and formalities in contracting. It explores case law which illustrates, on the one hand, that a willingness of the parties to make a contract does not necessarily amount to a legally binding agreement, whilst on the other hand, there is potential for the court to fill in any gaps to give effect to agreements. The issues surrounding an agreement which is expressed to be ‘subject to contract’ are explored in light of the recent Supreme Court case of RTS Flexible Systems Ltd. The reasons for when contract formalities may be required are also noted. There is also discussion of electronic contracting, in relation to the introduction of the Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions Regulations (2016/696).


2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Paz-Fuchs ◽  
Michael Sfard

AbstractThis paper critically analyzes the theoretical and pragmatic arguments raised against the refusal of individuals to serve in a specific military campaign that they view as immoral. The Israeli Supreme Court case of Zonshein v Judge-Advocate General will serve as an axis of the discussion, as it combines two related facets: first, the Court's decision touches upon most of the difficult issues in the field of conscientious objection. And second, the development leading up to the decision was accompanied by an exceptional clash of academics, each side summoning expert opinions in support of its claim.Courts worldwide have accepted that a categorical distinction exists between universal and selective conscientious objection. The combination of the Zonshein decision and the accompanying academic debate presents the opportunity to reexamine the theoretical and pragmatic reasons that are offered as support for distinguishing the two ‘types’ of conscientious objection. Close scrutiny finds them wanting.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Mónica Guzmán Zapater

Resumen: Dos Sentencias del TS de 2018 abordan el problema de la sucesión de normas de competencia judicial y norma de conflicto en procesos de filiación. En atención a los valores que presiden la materia se decantan soluciones ad hoc sin proclamarla aplicación retroactiva de las nuevas normas en la materia.Palabras clave: filiación, competencia judicial internacional, ley aplicable, elemento temporal de las normas de conflicto, valores y objetivos en presencia, otras cuestiones.Abstract: In two cases Spanish Supreme Court goes through the question of temporary application of new rules on jurisdiction and applicable law in ascertainment filiation actions. Taking into account interest and values on filiation actions finally establishes ad hoc solutions in each case avoiding a formal declaration on it´s retroactive consequences.Keywords: filiation, international jurisdiction, applicable law, time element in conflict of law rules, values and objectives, other questions.


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