Speak, memory: the postphenomenological analysis of memory-making in the age of algorithmically powered social networks

This paper explores the productive role that social network platforms such as Facebook, play in the practice of memory-making. While such platforms facilitate interaction across distance and time, they also solidify human self-expression and memory-making by systematically confronting the users with their digital past. By relying on the framework of postphenomenology, the analysis will scrutinize the mediating role of the Memories feature of Facebook, powered by recurring algorithmic scheduling and devoid of meaningful context. More specifically, it will show how this technological infrastructure mediates the concepts of memory, control and space, evoking a specific interpretation of the values of time, remembering and forgetting. As such, apart from preserving memories, Facebook appears as their co-producer, guiding the users in determining the criteria for remembering and forgetting. The paper finishes with suggestions on how to critically appropriate the memory-making features of social network platforms that would both enable their informed use and account for their mediating role in co-shaping good memories.

Cell type-specific interpretation of noncoding variants using deep learning-based methods

Interpretation of non-coding genomic variants is one of the most important challenges in human genetics. Machine learning methods have emerged recently as a powerful tool to solve this problem. State-of-the-art approaches allow prediction of transcriptional and epigenetic effects caused by non-coding mutations. However, these approaches require specific experimental data for training and can not generalize across cell types where required features were not experimentally measured. We show here that available epigenetic characteristics of human cell types are extremely sparse, limiting those approaches that rely on specific epigenetic input. We propose a new neural network architecture, DeepCT, which can learn complex interconnections of epigenetic features and infer unmeasured data from any available input. Furthermore, we show that DeepCT can learn cell type-specific properties, build biologically meaningful vector representations of cell types and utilize these representations to generate cell type-specific predictions of the effects of non-coding variations in the human genome.

Translating the ‘water scarcity – water reuse’ situation into an information system for decision-making

One key challenge of water resources management is the identification and processing of the information necessary for decision-making. This article aims to provide avenues for translating a ‘water scarcity–water reuse’ (WS–WR) situation into an information system. It is dedicated to supporting an integrated assessment in decision-making with the final goal of optimising water scarcity risk reduction and water reuse sustainability. The approach combines the following two strands: (1) specific interpretation of systems thinking and (2) systemic characterisation and interlinkage of indicators. The result is an analytical concept that translates the WS–WR situation into an information system consisting of two structured components, a multi-layer (ML) and a lane-based (LB) approach. While the multi-layer approach supports the description of the elements of the biophysical and information systems such as endpoints and descriptors, respectively, the lane-based approach aids in understanding the importance of indicators within the entire system and their distribution across risk and sustainability realms. The findings from a generic exemplification of the analytical concept depict the feasibility of identifying system-based endpoints representing the WS–WR situation and their translation via descriptors to an interlinked indicator set to jointly assess water scarcity risk and sustainability of the water reuse measures. Therefore, this analytical concept supports addressing the water resources management information challenge via a structured representation of the system’s complexity and the quantification and visualisation of interlinkages between the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of water scarcity risk and water reuse sustainability.

Development Model of China’s Regional Economic Cooperation Based on Network Analysis and Multimedia Data Visualization

As for the problem of large amount and complex structure of network forum data, we analyze the means of data visualization and association analysis, explain the specific interpretation of association rules, explain the feelings and objectives of multimedia data visualization, and explain the corresponding technical application. This paper uses the relevant theories of new economic geography to analyze and compare China’s unique economic development. In particular, it studies the development and changes of the World Trade Organization. Through the results, it can be seen that, after China’s accession to the WTO, the industrial location coefficient shows a downward trend, and the change of economic differences is slow.

Are attitudes toward immigration changing in Europe? An analysis based on latent class IRT models

We analyze the changing attitudes toward immigration in EU host countries in the last few years (2010–2018) on the basis of the European Social Survey data. These data are collected by the administration of a questionnaire made of items concerning different aspects related to the immigration phenomenon. For this analysis, we rely on a latent class approach considering a variety of models that allow for: (1) multidimensionality; (2) discreteness of the latent trait distribution; (3) time-constant and time-varying covariates; and (4) sample weights. Through these models we find latent classes of Europeans with similar levels of immigration acceptance and we study the effect of different socio-economic covariates on the probability of belonging to these classes for which we provide a specific interpretation. In this way we show which countries tend to be more or less positive toward immigration and we analyze the temporal dynamics of the phenomenon under study.

Det er jo min elskede Salomon – eller er det?

The new Bible translation, Bibelen 2020, makes biblical books accessible to readers with little prior knowledge of the Bible, in idiomatic, contemporary Danish. However, the article argues that the attempt to make the texts accessible may have problematic consequences when the translation directly reflects one specific interpretation. This is particularly the case in the Song of Songs. Bibelen 2020 indicates the speaker of each passage, and the introduction identifies one female speaker (“Sulamit”) and one male (her beloved “Salomon”). In a very problematic way, this interpretation and the idea that the beloved is “Salomon”, referred to as “king”, have been built into the translation. The article discusses the once popular interpretation of the book as a drama including one woman and two men and argues that elements of such an approach can illuminate important aspects of the text. It is argued that these aspects are largely lost in the translation in Bibelen 2020.

The Siberian Village of Okunevo as a Place of Power and its Sacred Landscape

The paper deals with contemporary places of power and New Age sacred landscapes in Russia.* It focuses on the Siberian village of Okunevo, its sacred sites, and their worshippers. Formation of this place of power was a result of the activity of individuals (both academics and adherents of new religious movements), combined with the specific interpretation of archaeological sites and the natural landscape of the area. The landscape around the village of Okunevo affects the interaction of people with the sacred loci and the ways the signs, symbols and narratives about them are created.

Interpersonal Cognitive Biases in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review

Purpose of Review Interpersonal cognitive biases have been linked to externalising and internalising problems. This systematic review investigates their role in children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), who have a high risk of experiencing such problems. Recent Findings With 16 identified studies, this is a widely under-recognised research area. The three studies conducted within the last 5 years focused on threat interpretation and its association with anxiety. No difference between children and young people with and without NDD was found in the eleven studies investigating hostile attribution of intent, of which the most recent is nearly a decade old. No studies addressed attention or memory bias towards ambiguous interpersonal information. Summary The scarcity and heterogeneity of research highlighted in this paper demonstrate the urgency to use standardised and accessible research methods to develop a strong evidence base regarding the potential content-specific interpretation bias in individuals with NDD.

Henry Corbin’s Oriental Philosophy and Iranian Nativist Ideologies

This paper aims to explore the roots of the nativist discourse among Iranian intellectuals in the 20th century prior to the Islamic Revolution, a discourse based on Eastern authenticity and the felt need for a return to Islamic, Persian, or Asian traditions. This general tendency took various forms among anti- and even pro-regime intellectuals, including severe anti-modernist evaluations of Al-e-Ahmad, Hossein Nasr, Ahmad Fardid, and Ehsan Naraqi. This nativist movement, as some scholars have shown, played a significant role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979. This paper aims to discuss some philosophical origins of these East-based and anti-West ideologies in the specific interpretation of Henry Corbin of the East/West spiritual split. This paper demonstrates that these ideas, to a considerable extent, stemmed from Corbin’s “Eastern scheme,” based on the authenticity of spiritual illumination. This paper explores how this Oriental philosophy, rooted in ancient Persia and medieval Iranian wisdom, has been used for political purposes through the ideologization of tradition in contemporary Iran. Therefore, it discusses Corbin’s theological scheme’s political and social ramifications to demonstrate the traces of his scheme in the works of a few nativist intellectuals in an ideologized form.

Patient Care Ownership in Medical Students: A Validation Study

Background: Psychological Ownership is the cognitive-affective state individuals experience when they come to feel they own something. The construct is context-dependent reliant on what is being owned and by whom. In medical education, this feeling translates to what has been described as “Patient Care Ownership,” which includes the feelings of responsibility that physicians have for patient care. The construct was originally validated with business employees, then recently translated into residency education where ownership behavior is expected. We adapted this instrument for a medical student population where patient ownership skills begin.Methods: Guiding our validation study was Downing’s framework, which combines theory, predicted relationships, and empirical evidence to propose the use of newly created instruments. Downing argues that assessments are not valid in and of themselves; they are the result of researchers’ evidence gathered in support of a specific interpretation. We chose to adapt this instrument because, like employees who feel that various projects belong to them, physicians share similar feelings about patients and their care. Results: The results show that the initial subscales proposed by Avey et al. (i.e. Territoriality, Accountability, Belongingness, Self-efficacy, and Self-identification) did not account for item responses in the revised instrument when administered to medical students. Instead, four subscales (Team Inclusion, Accountability, Territoriality, and Self-Confidence) better described patient care ownership for medical students, and the internal reliability of these subscales was found to be good. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the internal consistency among items for each subscale, includes: Team Inclusion (.91), Accountability (.78), Territoriality (.78), and Self-Confidence (.82). The subscales of Territoriality, Team Inclusion, and Self-Confidence were negatively correlated with the 1-item Burnout measure (P=0.01). The Team Inclusion subscale strongly correlated with the Teamwork Assessment Scale (TSA), while the subscales of Accountability correlated weakly, and Self-Confidence and Territoriality correlated moderately.Conclusions: Our study provides strong preliminary validity evidence for an adapted version of Avey et al.’s psychological ownership survey, specifically designed to measure patient care ownership in a medical student population. We expect this revised instrument to be a valuable tool to medical educators evaluating and monitoring students as they learn how to engage in patient care ownership.