scholarly journals Routes for salmonella contamination of poultry meat: epidemiological study from hatchery to slaughterhouse

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HEYNDRICKX ◽  
D. VANDEKERCHOVE ◽  
L. HERMAN ◽  
I. ROLLIER ◽  
K. GRIJSPEERDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Broiler House

Data were collected on the prevalence of salmonella at different stages during the life cycle of 18 broiler flocks on different farms as well as during slaughter in different poultry slaughterhouses. For the isolation of salmonella, the highest sensitivity (93.9%) was obtained by enrichment in the semi-solid agar Diasalm. The ‘overshoe method’ utilizing several pairs of overshoes provided the highest sensitivity for determining the salmonella status of the broilers during rearing. A clear decrease of the relative importance of the first production stages was demonstrated for the salmonella contamination of the end product, whereas horizontal transmission of salmonella to broilers during rearing and to broiler carcasses in the slaughterhouse was shown to be the main determinative factor. Ten of the 18 flocks received a salmonella positive status with the highest shedding occurring during the first 2 weeks of rearing. The shedding of the animals was significantly negatively influenced by the use of subtherapeutic or therapeutic doses of antibiotics. The intake of portable material in the broiler house was identified as the most important risk factor for horizontal transmission. Significant associations were found between the contamination level of a flock and hygiene of the broiler house, feed and water in the broiler house and both animal and non-animal material sampled in the environment. No correlation was found between contamination during the rearing period and contamination found after slaughtering. The presence of faecal material in the transport crates and predominantly the identity of the slaughterhouse seemed to be the determining factors for carcass quality. Improved hygiene management during transport of broilers and in some slaughterhouses could significantly reduce the risk of salmonella contamination of poultry meat.

scholarly journals Epidemiology ofCampylobacterspp. at two Dutch broiler farms

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Jacobs-Reitsma ◽  
A. W. Van de Giessen ◽  
N. M. Bolder ◽  
R. W. A. W. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Broiler Flock ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
Fresh Litter ◽  
Broiler House

SUMMARYBroiler flocks on two Dutch poultry farms were screened weekly for the presence of Campylobacter in fresh caecal droppings during eight consecutive production cycles. Hatchery and fresh litter samples were taken at the start of each new cycle. Water, feed, insects, and faeces of domestic animals, present on the farms were also included in the sampling. Penner seretyping of isolates was used to identify epidemiological factors that contribute to Campylobacter colonization in the broiler flocks. Generally, broiler flocks became colonized with Campylobacter at about 3–4 weeks of age with isolation percentages of 100%, and stayed colonized up to slaughter. A similar pattern of serotypes was found within the various broiler houses on one farm during one production cycle. New flocks generally showed also a new pattern of serotypes. Most serotypes isolated from the laying hens, pigs, sheep and cattle were different from those isolated from the broilers at the same time. Campylobacter serotypes from darkling beetles inside the broiler houses were identical to the ones isolated from the broilers. No Campylobacter was isolated from any of the hatchery, water, feed or fresh litter samples. Conclusive evidence of transmission routes was not found, but results certainly point towards horizontal transmission from the environment. Horizontal transmission from one broiler flock to the next one via a persistent contamination within the broiler house, as well as vertical transmission from breeder flocks via the hatchery to progeny, did not seem to be very likely.

Use of Reference Materials (Spray-Dried Milk Artificially Contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium) to Validate Detection Methods for Salmonella

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL H. IN ‘T VELD ◽  
SERVÉ NOTERMANS
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Spray Dried

Reference materials consisting of 0.28 g of spray-dried milk artificially contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium and contained in gelatin capsules (mean contamination level 4.2 salmonellae per capsule) were used to validate detection of Salmonella species in food. For this, 10 samples of 25 g of mayonnaise, milk powder, minced meat, or poultry meat were spiked with reference materials without repair and with reference materials after repair, respectively. It was found that the physiological condition of Salmonella present in the reference material had no influence on the recovery rate of the organism. The recovery rates of Salmonella were tested by applying various methods [ISO-6579 method, SALMONELLA-TEK™ (Organon Teknika), the modified semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis agar (MSRV), and the Salmonella rapid test (Oxoid)]. The recovery rates found (averaged on the types of foods tested) were 67% for the Salmonella rapid test, 83% for the MSRV, 86% for the ISO-6579, and 91% for the SALMONELLA-TEK. The use of reference materials is recommended to validate detection of Salmonella species.

scholarly journals Belgian Surveillance Plans To Assess Changes in Salmonella Prevalence in Meat at Different Production Stages

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2269-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASMINE GHAFIR ◽  
BERNARD CHINA ◽  
NICOLAS KORSAK ◽  
KATELIJNE DIERICK ◽  
JEAN-MARC COLLARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Plan ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Semiquantitative Evaluation ◽  
Minced Meat

From 1997 to 1999, the prevalence of Salmonella was assessed at different stages through the pork, poultry, and beef meat production chains. Different dilutions of the initial sample suspension were analyzed to provide a semiquantitative evaluation of Salmonella contamination and to determine the most representative dilution necessary to detect a reduction in prevalence. An average of 300 samples for each type of meat were analyzed. According to Fisher's exact test, the dilution to be used to detect a reduction in prevalence was chosen based on an initial prevalence of 20 to 26%. Based on this introductory study, a new sampling plan representative of the nationwide Belgian meat production process was used from 2000 through to 2003. This study confirmed the consistently high rate and level of contamination of poultry meat: broiler and layer carcasses were the most contaminated samples followed by broiler fillets and poultry meat preparations. A constant and significant decrease in Salmonella prevalence was observed for pork carcasses, trimmings, and minced meat and for beef minced meat. Less than 3% of beef carcasses and trimming samples were positive for Salmonella. The Belgian plan, as utilized from 2000 to 2003, was suitable for monitoring of zoonoses because the sampling plan was representative of nationwide production processes, covered all periods of the year, and was executed by trained samplers and the analyses were carried out by recognized laboratories using an identical analytical method.

Proliferation of Erythroid Colonies in Semi-Solid Agar

1977 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Horland ◽  
S. R. Wolman ◽  
M. J. Murphy ◽  
M. A. S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Solid Agar ◽  
Semi Solid

scholarly journals Resistance of in Vitro-derived Cucumber Plants to Pythium aphanidermatum

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Msikita ◽  
H.T. Wilkinson ◽  
R.M. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Semi Solid

`Embryonic axes-derived `Burpless Hybrid' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plantlets germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 16 combinations of BAP and NAA and seedlings derived from whole seeds cultured on semi-solid agar were inoculated in vitro with two isolates (WFU3 and WFM13) of Pythium aphanidermatum. All axes-derived plantlets and whole seedlings inoculated with WFM13 isolates were susceptible to blight and died 2 days after inoculation. Similarly, all seedlings inoculated with WFU3 isolates were killed within 2 days after inoculation; however, the rate of development and severity of blight varied among the axes-derived plantlets. Blight on axes-derived plantlets, regenerated on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg BAP/liter and 0.2 mg NAA/liter, was significantly less than on regenerants cultured on all other amended MS media. On some media, callus developed on crowns and/or primary roots. The presence of callus influenced resistance to Pythium. In a second experiment, axes-derived cucumber regenerants from five genotypes, cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg BAP/liter and 0.2 mg N&A/liter, were compared for their resistance to P. aphanidermatum isolate WFU3. Resistance was significantly greater for `Burpless Hybrid' and `Sweetslice' than for three other genotypes. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals The Use of Semi-solid Agar for the Detection of Bacterial Motility1

1936 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph P. Tittsler ◽  
Leslie A. Sandholzer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Agar ◽  
Semi Solid
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