WEBSITES AS SCIENCE LEARNING ON INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS MATERIALS AT STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 TEGALDLIMO BANYUWANGI

This study aims to determine the validity of the development of website-based science learning media on invertebrate animal material for grade 7 in Junior High School, and to determine student responses to the development of website-based science learning media on invertebrate animal material. This research was a type of R&D (Research and Development) research which refers to the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) development research model of Robert Maribe Branch. The data collection instruments in this study were validation questionnaires and student response questionnaires. Validation was carried out by material experts, media experts, and science teachers. The development trial to determine student responses to the developed product was carried out in two stages, namely a small-scale trial consisting of 6 students and a large-scale trial consisting of 32 students. Based on the results of validation from experts on website-based science learning media, it showed that the assessment of material experts was 96.16%, media expert assessments was 89.12% and assessments from science teachers was 89.83% . In this case, the average percentage of the expert's assessment was 91.70%, which means it was included in the "Very Valid" category and tested on students, and Small-scale trials obtained an average percentage of 94.28%. Then continued large-scale trials and obtained an average percentage of 92.00%. which means “Very Interesting”.

USO DE QUIMIOTERAPIA E ELETROQUIMIOTERAPIA NO CONTROLE DE MELANOMA ORAL AMELANÓTICO CANINO - RELATO DE CASO

Introdução: O melanoma oral canino é uma neoplasia maligna, formado a partir de melanócitos. Quando ele é classificado como amelanótico, ele não sintetiza melanina intracitoplasmática e tem um comportamento agressivo, uma vez que possui um rápido desenvolvimento. Por causa disso, se infiltra localmente, tendo aumento do volume da cavidade oral, bem como deformação do contorno facial, hemorragia e perda de peso, podendo ocorrer metástase por via linfática até os linfonodos e pulmões. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de melanoma oral amelanótico, onde é abordado o tratamento para o controle do crescimento do tumor, a fim de se garantir uma qualidade de vida relativamente boa ao animal. Material e métodos: Uma cadela, da raça teckel, de 8 anos, foi atendida na Clínica Veterinária Vital Vet com histórico de sangramento na gengiva, halitose e dificuldade para se alimentar. Após o exame clínico, foi vista uma massa aderida, envolvendo terceiro e quarto dente pré-molar e invadindo o palato. Logo, o animal foi submetido ao exame histopatológico, tendo o diagnóstico de melanoma amelanótico com infiltração no tecido conjuntivo peritumoral. Assim, iniciou-se protocolo quimioterápico com a utilização da carboplatina via intravenosa, a fim de reduzir a chance de metástase, visto que a radiografia do tórax apresentou normalidade. Ademais, optou-se pela eletroquimioterapia, com sulfato de bleomicina e cloridrato de doxorrubicina via intravenosa, que foi intercalada com a carboplatina após 21 dias. Resultados: Houve remissão tumoral no local, mantendo a qualidade de vida do animal. Contudo, devido à infiltração tumoral, a cadela apresentou dificuldade para se alimentar e foi colocada uma sonda esofágica no dia da eletroquimioterapia. Além disso, houve deformação facial e a eutanásia foi indicada após um mês do diagnóstico. Conclusão: Apesar desse esquema ter sido descrito poucas vezes na literatura, ele se mostrou satisfatório no controle local do melanoma amelanótico oral em cães, já que impediu o crescimento tumoral na maxila. Entretanto, ainda vale destacar que essa neoplasia é importante, pois mesmo que os tratamentos indicados sejam seguidos, os animais acometidos têm uma taxa de sobrevida baixa, mostrando, assim, que os protocolos não são totalmente eficazes, sendo necessário novos estudos.

Effect of carcass contamination on necrophagous invertebrate performance

Background The breakdown of dead organic matter is driven by a diverse array of organisms and is an important process increasingly impacted by a range of contaminants. While many studies have documented how contaminants affect food webs that are fueled by decaying plant litters, much less is known about how contaminants affect organisms that rely on dead animal material. Here, we begin to explore the effects of food contamination—using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a model contaminant—on the carrion beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides that buries carcasses of small vertebrates in soils as food source and larval nursing grounds. Results Our data show that a single ingestion of a non-lethal dose of 1 μg mL−1 AgNPs by adult female beetles does not affect overall gut microbial activity but results in shifts in the gut microbial community composition towards pathogens including Alcaligenes, Morganella, and Pseudomonas. While no effects were observed in offspring clutch size, some reductions were visible in clutch weight, number of larvae, and number of eclosing pupae in exposed N. vespilloides in comparison with controls. Repeated ingestion of AgNPs over several weeks led to a decrease in survival of adult beetles, suggesting that more environmentally realistic exposure scenarios can directly affect the success of carcass-feeding animals. Conclusions Sub-lethal carcass contamination with a model pollutant can affect the gut microbial composition in female beetles and reduce offspring fitness. This encourages consideration of currently overlooked propagation routes of contaminants through necrophagous food webs and inherent consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes.

Animal culture research should include avian nest construction

Material culture—that is, group-shared and socially learned object-related behaviour(s)—is a widespread and diverse phenomenon in humans. For decades, researchers have sought to confirm the existence of material culture in non-human animals; however, the main study systems of interest—namely, tool making and/or using non-human primates and corvids—cannot provide such confirmatory evidence: because long-standing ethical and logistical constraints handicap the collection of necessary experimental data. Synthesizing evidence across decades and disciplines, here, I present a novel framework for (mechanistic, developmental, behavioural, and comparative) study on animal material culture: avian nest construction.

Analysis of Egg Poultry Enterprise in Southeastern Anatolia Region in Turkey

In this paper, in Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey, the technical structure of enterprises engaged in the egg producing, such as firm characteristics, hens characteristics, egg farming and health- protection were investigated. For this purpose, in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, the provinces of Gaziantep, Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa, Batman, Adıyaman, Mardin and Kilis were included in the study. The enterprises surveyed in these provinces were determined using the simple random sampling method. As a result of this statistical study, a survey was conducted in determined 17 enterprises. It was reported that in recent years an increase in the number of enterprises established has been determined in Southeastern Anatolia Region. The vast majority of them have modern enterprises. In general, the enterprises in the region are concluded to have similar properties, the structural and technical specifications. It was observed during the fields investigation that the main problems of the enterprises in the region are raised the disease, the feeding, the marketing, animal material, the education of workers and the climatic conditions. These mentioned egg poultry farming should be solved by supplying economical funds, educational programs and supporting the enterprises with leading edge technologies.

The Middle Paleolithic Ground Stones Tools of Nesher Ramla Unit V (Southern Levant): A multi-scale use-wear approach for assessing the assemblage functional variability

In the archaeological record, Ground Stone Tools (hereafter GST) represent an important tool group that provides invaluable data for exploring technological development and changes in resource exploitation over time. Despite its importance, Lower and Middle Paleolithic (MP) GST technology remains poorly known and understudied. The MP record of the Levant constitutes a compelling case study for exploring the nature and character of GST technology. Especially the site of Nesher Ramla (Israel, end of Marine Isotope Stage 6/beginning of 5) has provided one of the world’s largest GST assemblages from MP contexts. Aiming at evaluating the variability of tool types at the site from a technological and functional perspective, this study follows an analytical approach which integrates different scales of analysis. Our workflow seeks to generate and combine qualitative and quantitative data allowing: 1) the identification of damage areas, and 2) functional analysis, based on the location, distribution, and characterization of use-wear traces. This study shows a substantial level of diversification in resource exploitation (e.g., mineral, hard animal material and likely perishable components). Results show the presence of several tool types on which diagnostic use-wear can be associated with different activities. Importantly, our analysis indicates the presence of various hammerstone types showing distinct wear characteristics. The variability observed within the hammerstones likely reflects different functions, including in some cases the processing of distinct worked materials. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the significance of GST technology for the ecological dynamics of MP populations.

Poly- and Monoamine Metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor: The New Role of Glutamine Synthetase-Like Enzymes in the Survival under Environmental Stress

Soil bacteria from the genus <i>Streptomyces</i>, phylum Actinobacteria, feature a complex metabolism and diverse adaptations to environmental stress. These characteristics are consequences of variable nutrition availability in the soil and allow survival under changing nitrogen conditions. <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> is a model organism for Actinobacteria and is able to use nitrogen from a variety of sources including unusual compounds originating from the decomposition of dead plant and animal material, such as polyamines or monoamines (like ethanolamine). Assimilation of nitrogen from these sources in <i>S. coelicolor</i> remains largely unstudied. Using microbiological, biochemical and in silico approaches, it was recently possible to postulate polyamine and monoamine (ethanolamine) utilization pathways in <i>S. coelicolor.</i> Glutamine synthetase-like enzymes (GS-like) play a central role in these pathways. Extensive studies have revealed that these enzymes are able to detoxify polyamines or monoamines and allow the survival of <i>S. coelicolor</i> in soil containing an excess of these compounds. On the other hand, at low concentrations, polyamines and monoamines can be utilized as nitrogen and carbon sources. It has been demonstrated that the first step in poly-/monoamine assimilation is catalyzed by GlnA3 (a γ-glutamylpolyamine synthetase) and GlnA4 (a γ-glutamylethanolamide synthetase), respectively. First insights into the regulation of polyamine and ethanolamine metabolism have revealed that the expression of the <i>glnA3</i> and the <i>glnA4</i> gene are controlled on the transcriptional level.

A study on the use of henna plant (Lawsonia inermis Linn) for the treatment of fungal disease (Trichophypton verrucosum) in calves

The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of henna plant (Lawsonia inermis Linn) in the treatment of dermatophytosis lesions (Trichophypton verrucosum) in cattle. The animal material of the trial consisted of 50 holstein calves between the ages of 4 and 6 months, who were found to have a dermatophytosis lesion on their face and neck in their clinical examination. The experiment was organized on a three-group repeated measurement trial plan. I. Group: Trichlorfon (Neguvon 75%, Bayer) ointment, II. Group: Henna applied, and III. Group: Control Group, no treatment, and 20 (10 females, 10 males), 20 (10 females, 10 males), and 10 (5 females, 5 males) totally 50 calves used, respectively. The research was continued for 14 days until the lesions were completely healed. I. and II. Groups were observed the best healing in the calves, respectively. In the III. Group without any treatment, there was no improvement and the lesions were enlarged. In addition, the effect of gender in the treatment process of dermatophytosis lesions was insignificant. As a result of this study, it is thought that henna plant can be used in the treatment of dermatophytosis.

Myxomycetes biodiversity in Gaziantep Province (Turkey) with four new records

Myxomycetes were cultured in moist chambers using substrate material collected in Gaziantep province, Turkey, during 2017–2019. Fruit bodies of wild myxomycetes were collected at ten locations. Rotten or live tree bark, leaves, debris, vegetable, and animal material, which were considered likely to contain spores, were also collected. Natural samples were immediately dried, and potential spore-bearing material was kept in a warm and humid environment with the moist chamber technique. A total of 537 samples were studied and 203 myxomycetes isolates were obtained, 33 of which were natural samples, 76 were obtained with the moist chamber technique and 94 were obtained both naturally and with the moist chamber technique in the laboratory. Six orders, 9 families, 16 genera and 42 species were identified in 3 subclasses. All species were new in Gaziantep province and four myxomycetes were identified as new records in Turkey; Didymium atrichum Henney & Alexop., Didymium serpula Fr., Craterium obovatum Peck and Physarum bivalve Pers. were added to the Turkish mycota.