scholarly journals Bayesian estimation of hepatitis E virus seroprevalence for populations with different exposure levels to swine in The Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BOUWKNEGT ◽  
B. ENGEL ◽  
M. M. P. T. HERREMANS ◽  
M. A. WIDDOWSON ◽  
H. C. WORM ◽  
...  

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) is ubiquitous in pigs worldwide and may be zoonotic. Previous HEV seroprevalence estimates for groups of people working with swine were higher than for control groups. However, discordance among results of anti-HEV assays means that true seroprevalence estimates, i.e. seroprevalence due to previous exposure to HEV, depends on choice of seroassay. We tested blood samples from three subpopulations (49 swine veterinarians, 153 non-swine veterinarians and 644 randomly selected individuals from the general population) with one IgM and two IgG ELISAs, and subsets with IgG and/or IgM Western blots. A Bayesian stochastical model was used to combine results of all assays. The model accounted for imperfection of each assay by estimating sensitivity and specificity, and accounted for dependence between serological assays. As expected, discordance among assay results occurred. Applying the model yielded seroprevalence estimates of ~11% for swine veterinarians, ~6% for non-swine veterinarians and ~2% for the general population. By combining the results of five serological assays in a Bayesian stochastical model we confirmed that exposure to swine or their environment was associated with elevated HEV seroprevalence.

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Magdalena Baymakova ◽  
Krasimira Terzieva ◽  
Rumen Popov ◽  
Elisaveta Grancharova ◽  
Todor Kundurzhiev ◽  
...  

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is widespread among domestic pigs, industrial swine, and wild boars in Bulgaria. The aim of the current research was to present the HEV seroprevalence among blood donors in Bulgaria. In the present study, 555 blood donors (479 males and 76 females) were enrolled from five districts in the country (Shumen, Pleven, Stara Zagora, Plovdiv, and Sofia districts). All blood samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the recomWell HEV IgG ELISA test (Mikrogen GmbH, Neuried, Germany). Each participating donor completed a short, structured, and specific questionnaire to document data on the current study. Anti-HEV IgG positive results were detected in 144 (25.9%) blood donors, including 129 (26.9%) males and 15 (19.7%) females. The established HEV seropositivity was 28.8% (23/80) in Shumen district, 23.2% (22/95) in Pleven district, 27.1% (38/140) in Stara Zagora district, 27.5% (44/160) in Plovdiv district, and 21.3% (17/80) in Sofia district. A high HEV seroprevalence was found for persons who declared that they were general hunters (48.7%; 19/39; p = 0.001) and hunters of wild boars (51.6%; 16/31; p = 0.001). We present the first seroprevalence rates of HEV infection in blood donors from Bulgaria. The results of our research showed high HEV seropositivity among blood donors.


2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan D. Pas ◽  
Rob A. de Man ◽  
Claudia Mulders ◽  
Aggie H.M.M. Balk ◽  
Peter T.W. van Hal ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0208522 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Alberts ◽  
M. F. Schim van der Loeff ◽  
S. Sadik ◽  
F. R. Zuure ◽  
E. J. A. J. Beune ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanbin Liang ◽  
Shuo Su ◽  
Shengchao Deng ◽  
Honglang Gu ◽  
Fangxiao Ji ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2889-2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIJN BOUWKNEGT ◽  
FROUKJE LODDER-VERSCHOOR ◽  
WIM H. M. VAN DER POEL ◽  
SASKIA A. RUTJES ◽  
ANA MARIA DE RODA HUSMAN

Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections by genotype 3 strains in industrialized countries are hypothesized to be caused by pigs. To examine this hypothesis, the potential health risks of transmission routes should be examined. Possible foodborne transmission was studied by quantifying the presence and infectivity of HEV in commercial porcine livers in The Netherlands. A comparison of four tissue disruption and seven RNA extraction methods revealed that mechanical disruption followed by silica-based RNA extraction gave the highest RNA yields and was therefore employed on commercial porcine livers. Four (6.5%) of 62 porcine livers were HEV RNA positive by reverse transcriptase PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Each positive liver was estimated to contain ∼65 PCR-detectable units per g. Sequences were obtained for three of four positive livers and classified as HEV genotype 3. Ninety-three percent similarity to Dutch human HEV sequences and 97% similarity to Dutch swine HEV sequences were observed. To determine whether positive livers contained infectious HEV particles, extracts from livers with known HEV RNA sequences were inoculated intravenously in pigs. Two control pigs were included: one was inoculated with a high dose known to result in infection (104 PCR-detectable units of HEV RNA), and the other was inoculated with a lower concentration of virus that equaled the concentration of PCR-detectable units in commercial livers (∼20 PCR-detectable units). Infection was observed in the high-dose control, but not in other pigs, suggesting a dose-dependent response in pigs. Hence, the implications of HEV RNA in commercial porcine livers in The Netherlands are unknown. However, HEV RNA is present in commercial porcine livers, and sufficient heating of porcine livers before consumption as precautionary measure is recommended.


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine Borgen ◽  
Tineke Herremans ◽  
Erwin Duizer ◽  
Harry Vennema ◽  
Saskia Rutjes ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia A. Rutjes ◽  
Willemijn J. Lodder ◽  
Froukje Lodder-Verschoor ◽  
Harold H.J.L. van den Berg ◽  
Harry Vennema ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. S206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Pereira ◽  
J. Teixeira ◽  
J. Abreu-Silva ◽  
R.M.S. Oliveira ◽  
J.R. Mesquita ◽  
...  

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