scholarly journals The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Prenatal Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThe negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.

scholarly journals The contributions of early adverse experiences and trajectories of respiratory sinus arrhythmia on the development of neurobehavioral disinhibition among children with prenatal substance exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 901-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
David Degarmo ◽  
Phil Fisher ◽  
Beau Abar ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractNeurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) is a complex condition reflecting a wide range of problems involving difficulties with emotion regulation and behavior control. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a physiological correlate of emotion regulation that has been studied in a variety of at-risk populations; however, there are no studies of RSA in children with ND. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants. Baseline RSA and RSA reactivity to an attention-demanding task were assessed at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. ND was assessed at ages 8/9, 11, and 13/14 years via behavioral dysregulation and executive dysfunction composite measures. Greater exposure to early adversity was related to less RSA reactivity at 3 years, increases in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years, and increased behavioral dysregulation from ages 8/9 to 13/14. RSA reactivity was examined as a moderator of the association between early adversity and changes in ND. A significant Early Adversity × RSA Reactivity quadratic interaction revealed that children with decelerations in RSA reactivity exhibited increases in behavioral dysregulation, regardless of their exposure to early adversity. However, greater exposure to early adversity was related to greater increases in behavioral dysregulation, but only if children exhibited accelerations in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years. The results contribute to our understanding of how interactions across multiple levels of analysis contribute to the development of ND.

scholarly journals Physiological Correlates of Neurobehavioral Disinhibition that Relate to Drug Use and Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents with Prenatal Substance Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Seetha Shankaran ◽  
Henrietta Bada ◽  
Charles R. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure

scholarly journals The role of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on parasympathetic functioning from 3 to 6 years of age

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
Beau Abar ◽  
Stephen Sheinkopf ◽  
Barry Lester ◽  
Linda Lagasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adversity ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure

scholarly journals Cumulative effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on foster children’s HPA-axis reactivity during a psychosocial stressor

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Hyoun K. Kim ◽  
Jacqueline Bruce ◽  
Katherine C. Pears
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure

Dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis stress response has been reported among individuals with prenatal substance exposure and those with early adversity exposure. However, few researchers have examined the combined effects of these risk factors. Patterns of HPA reactivity among maltreated foster children with and without prenatal substance exposure ( N = 53; ages 9–12 years) were examined using the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCI) analyses revealed that prenatal substance exposure or physical abuse significantly increased the likelihood of a negative AUCI (i.e., little or no HPA reactivity). Among children with prenatal substance exposure and physical abuse, 85% exhibited a negative AUCI. The results underscore the importance of addressing this combined risk.

Effects of prenatal substance exposure on infant temperament vary by context

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Locke ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Ronald Seifer ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
Seetha Shankaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Infant Behavior ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Negative Reactivity ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThis was a prospective longitudinal multisite study of the effects of prenatal cocaine and/or opiate exposure on temperament in 4-month-olds of the Maternal Lifestyle Study (N= 958: 366 cocaine exposed, 37 opiate exposed, 33 exposed to both drugs, 522 matched comparison). The study evaluated positivity and negativity during The Behavior Assessment of Infant Temperament (Garcia Coll et al., 1988). Parents rated temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Rothbart, 1981). Cocaine-exposed infants showed less positivity overall, mainly during activity and threshold items, more negativity during sociability items, and less negativity during irritability and threshold items. Latent profile analysis indicated individual temperament patterns were best described by three groups:low/moderate overall reactivity, high social negative reactivity,andhigh nonsocial negative reactivity. Infants with heavy cocaine exposure were more likely in high social negative reactivity profile, were less negative during threshold items, and required longer soothing intervention. Cocaine- and opiate-exposed infants scored lower on Infant Behavior Questionnaire smiling and laughter and duration of orienting scales. Opiate-exposed infants were rated as less respondent to soothing. By including a multitask measure of temperament we were able to show context-specific behavioral dysregulation in prenatally cocaine-exposed infants. The findings indicate flatter temperament may be specific to nonsocial contexts, whereas social interactions may be more distressing for cocaine-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Early intervention and the growth of children's fluid intelligence: A cognitive developmental perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
General Development ◽  
Developmental Theories ◽  
The Mind

From the stance of cognitive developmental theories, claims that general g is an entity of the mind are compatible with notions about domain-general development and age-invariant individual differences. Whether executive function is equated with general g or fluid g, research into the mechanisms by which development occurs is essential to elucidate the kinds of environmental inputs that engender effective intervention.

scholarly journals Childhood perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and executive function in children at 8 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Vuong ◽  
Kimberly Yolton ◽  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Changchun Xie ◽  
Glenys M. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Substance Exposure
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