scholarly journals The contributions of early adverse experiences and trajectories of respiratory sinus arrhythmia on the development of neurobehavioral disinhibition among children with prenatal substance exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 901-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
David Degarmo ◽  
Phil Fisher ◽  
Beau Abar ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractNeurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) is a complex condition reflecting a wide range of problems involving difficulties with emotion regulation and behavior control. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a physiological correlate of emotion regulation that has been studied in a variety of at-risk populations; however, there are no studies of RSA in children with ND. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants. Baseline RSA and RSA reactivity to an attention-demanding task were assessed at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. ND was assessed at ages 8/9, 11, and 13/14 years via behavioral dysregulation and executive dysfunction composite measures. Greater exposure to early adversity was related to less RSA reactivity at 3 years, increases in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years, and increased behavioral dysregulation from ages 8/9 to 13/14. RSA reactivity was examined as a moderator of the association between early adversity and changes in ND. A significant Early Adversity × RSA Reactivity quadratic interaction revealed that children with decelerations in RSA reactivity exhibited increases in behavioral dysregulation, regardless of their exposure to early adversity. However, greater exposure to early adversity was related to greater increases in behavioral dysregulation, but only if children exhibited accelerations in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years. The results contribute to our understanding of how interactions across multiple levels of analysis contribute to the development of ND.

scholarly journals The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Prenatal Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThe negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.

Does Coloring Reduce Anxiety? Comparing the Psychological and Psychophysiological Benefits of Coloring Versus Drawing

2020 ◽  
pp. 027623742092329
Author(s):  
Nicole Turturro ◽  
Jennifer E. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Anxiety Induction

In this study, we compared the psychological and psychophysiological benefits of coloring to drawing as a means of distraction versus expression. Participants were 60 undergraduates who experienced an anxiety induction. We then randomly assigned them to color a design, draw a design (distract), or draw to express their negative thoughts and feelings. Anxiety was measured before and after the anxiety induction and after drawing. Heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and skin conductance were measured throughout the testing session. Finally, participants completed a flow and enjoyment questionnaire. All three activities reduced anxiety and decreased heart rate and increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia with no differences across conditions. Those in the draw a design condition enjoyed the activity more than those in the draw to express condition. We conclude that drawing, regardless of emotion regulation strategy used, reduces anxiety but that distracting graphic activities result in more enjoyment.

scholarly journals Is self-esteem associated with self-rated health among French college students? A longitudinal epidemiological study: the i-Share cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e024500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Arsandaux ◽  
Grégory Michel ◽  
Marie Tournier ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Cédric Galéra
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financial Characteristics ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to estimate the association between self-esteem and subsequent self-rated health during college years, taking into account a wide range of potential confounders.DesignProspective longitudinal study.SettingThe French i-Share cohort.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 1011 college students.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe association between self-esteem and later self-rated health was evaluated using multivariate modelling.Data regarding self-rated health, global self-esteem and demographic, educational, social, behavioural, environmental and financial characteristics were collected through an internet-based questionnaire.ResultsThe 1011 participants had a median age of 21.9 years and 79% (795/1011) were females. Self-rated health was assessed a median of 8 months after the self-esteem measurement. Twenty per cent of the students declared average to very poor health (203/1011). Students with higher levels of self-esteem were more likely to declare good or very good self-rated health (adjusted OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.72, p value=0.001). Other factors associated with good or very good self-rated health were low body mass index, a comfortable financial situation during childhood and three personality traits (low persistence and harm avoidance and high cooperativeness).ConclusionsThis study offers novel findings on the impact of self-esteem on self-rated health among college students. Interventions targeting self-esteem should be experimented during university years in order to improve health outcomes.

Post-Traumatic Stress, Mother’s Emotion Regulation, and Parenting in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 876-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyrill Gurtovenko ◽  
Lynn Fainsilber Katz
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are high among female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), and children of parents experiencing PTSS are at heightened risk for a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. Parenting has significant influence on child adjustment, and although links have been found between parental psychopathology and maladaptive parenting, little is known about the factors that may explain this relation. The current study examines mother’s emotion regulation (ER) as a factor influencing the relation between mother PTSS and parenting around children’s emotions in a study sample of sixty-four female survivors of IPV and their 6- to 12-year-old children. Mothers reported on their own PTSS and their parenting. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was used as a psychophysiological index of mother’s ER. Experiential components of mother’s ER was also measured by observer coding of the Meta-Emotion Interview, a structured assessment that asks parents about their attitudes toward and experiences with emotions, including their regulation of emotions. Mother’s RSA reactivity moderated the relation between PTSS and negative parenting. There was also a significant indirect relation between mothers’ PTSS symptom severity and supportive parenting reactions through mothers’ self-report of ER. Results suggest that mother’s ER abilities represent factors that significantly affect associations between maternal PTSS and parent’s emotion socialization practices. Implications for assessment and intervention with families exposed to the stress of IPV are discussed.

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