Aging of bone

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Mosekilde
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Vertebral Fracture Incidence ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Do So

In Europe, vertebral fracture incidence has increased 300–400% for women and more than 400% for men during the last 30 years. These data are age-adjusted and therefore highlight that there is a decrease in bone mass or bone quality from generation to generation. To arrest or reverse the increases in osteoporotic fractures, effective general preventive regimens must be established. However, in order to do so, basic understanding of age-related changes in the material quality, 3D cancellous bone architecture, macrostructure (shape and size), and strength of human bone is crucial.

The Role of microRNAs in Osteoporosis Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Matthias Hackl ◽  
Elisabeth Semmelrock ◽  
Johannes Grillari
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Estrogen Metabolism ◽  
Age Related

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (18–24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression via binding of messenger RNA. It is estimated that miRNAs co-regulate the expression of more than 70% of all human genes, many of which fulfil important roles in bone metabolism and muscle function. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments have shown that the targeted loss of miRNAs in distinct bone cell types (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) results in altered bone mass and bone architecture. These results emphasize the biological relevance of miRNAs for bone health.MiRNAs are not only considered as novel bone biomarkers because of their biological importance to bone metabolism, but also on the basis of other favorable properties: 1) Secretion of miRNAs from cells enables “minimally invasive” detection in biological fluids such as serum. 2) High stability of miRNAs in serum enables the retrospective analysis of frozen blood specimens. 3) Quantification of miRNAs in the serum is based on the RT-PCR - a robust method that is considered as the gold standard for the analysis of nucleic acids in clinical diagnostics.With regard to osteoporosis, it has been shown that many of the known risk factors are characterized by distinct miRNA profiles in the affected tissues: i) age-related loss of bone mass, ii) sarcopenia, iii) changes in estrogen metabolism and related changes Loss of bone mass, and iv) diabetes. Therefore, numerous studies in recent years have dealt with the characterization of miRNAs in the serum of osteoporosis patients and healthy controls, and were able to identify recurring miRNA patterns that are characteristic of osteoporosis. These novel biomarkers have great potential for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteoporosis and its clinical outcomes.The aim of this article is to give a summary of the current state of knowledge on the research and application of miRNA biomarkers in osteoporosis.

Age-related changes in cortical bone in men: metacarpal bone mass measurement study

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Iwamoto ◽  
Tsuyoshi Takeda ◽  
Shoichi Ichimura ◽  
Yasunori Tsukimura ◽  
Yoshiaki Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Measurement Study ◽  
Bone Mass Measurement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Anabolic Hormones in Aging Women: Effects of Supplementation vs. Physical Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Anabolic Hormones ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Women ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is associated with a decline in bone mass, muscle mass, strength, and physical function, and women are more likely to suffer from these physical changes than men. The model presented in this paper illustrates the age related changes in anabolic hormones and how this may partly explain the diminished physical function of older women. The model can also be used to identify potential sites of intervention that could delay the atrophy of the musculoskeletal system. Various pharmacological hormone therapies have been shown to be beneficial, but there may be health risks associated with their use. There is evidence that regular physical activity is related to higher levels of anabolic hormones in older persons, therefore exercise could be an alternative to drugs for slowing the age related changes in the endocrine system. However, some research suggests that the hormone response to exercise is blunted in older women. This lower hormonal response may not be a consequence of aging per se but instead may result from secondary characteristics of aging such as a decline in physical fitness and exercise intensity or changes in body composition. Further research is needed to determine whether exercise-induced increases in endogenous hormones have clinical significance in improving muscle or bone mass in aging women. Key words: hormone replacement therapy, exercise, sex steroids, growth hormone, IGF-I

scholarly journals Age-related changes in bone tissue in men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A.S. Musiienko ◽  
N.V. Zaverukha
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of the study was to establish age-related changes of male bone tissue. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by the Department of Clinical Physiology and Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System of the State Institution “D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology by the National Aca­demy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. It involved 342 healthy men aged 20 to 89 years without osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures or any pathology with a confirmed impact on bone tissue, as well as any somatic pathology in the sub- and decompensation. The following methods of examination were used: questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, clinical and instrumental examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine “Prodigy, GEНС Lunar” at the level of the entire skeleton, lumbar spine (L1-L4), proximal femur and femoral neck, distal and ultra-distal forearm bones. Results. We have detected a significant 14.8 % decrease of BMD at the level of femoral neck in the group of men aged 60–69 years, by 20 % in the group of men aged 70–79 years, and by 24.1 % in the group of men aged 80–89 years compared to the men aged 20–29 years; at the same time, at the lumbar spine there was re­gistered a decrease of this parameter by 1.6 % in men aged 60–69 years, by 1.9 % in men of 70–79 years and by 0.8 % in men of 80–89 years, respectively. Among the examined practically healthy men, the bone tissue remained at the normal level relative to age in 67.8 %; osteopenia was detected in 27.8 %, and osteoporosis in 4.4 %. Conclusions. An age-associated BMD reduction was registered at various skeletal sites in the practically healthy men wi­thout any clinically significant factors affecting bone tissue metabolism. The most pronounced BMD loss was observed at the level of fe­moral neck. At the same time, 4.4 % of examined had osteoporosis without any clinical signs.

Prediction of vertebral fracture incidence from baseline fractures and bone mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. S24
Author(s):  
P.D. Ross ◽  
H.K. Genant ◽  
J.M. White ◽  
J.W. Davis ◽  
J.A. Bevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
Vertebral Fracture Incidence

Prediction of vertebral fracture incidence from baseline fractures and bone mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
P.D. Ross ◽  
H.K. Genant ◽  
J.M. White ◽  
J.W. Davis ◽  
J.A. Bevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
Vertebral Fracture Incidence

Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 4696-4702
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Harvey ◽  
Juliet Compston ◽  
Cyrus Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Colles Fracture

Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and disruption of bone architecture, resulting in increased bone fragility and fracture risk, with fractures of the distal radius (Colles’ fracture), spine, and proximal femur being most characteristic. One in two women and one in five men over the age of 50 years will suffer an osteoporotic fracture during their remaining lifetime, with massive cost to healthcare services. Osteoporotic fractures are termed fragility fractures (defined as occurring after a fall from standing height or less). They may occur at several skeletal sites but fractures of the distal radius (Colles’ fracture), spine, and proximal femur are most characteristic. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures increases markedly with age; in women, the median age for Colles’ fractures is 65 years and for hip fracture, 80 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document