Spatial ecology of the Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi: Implications for management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH K. FAEGRE ◽  
LINDSEY NIETMANN ◽  
DYLAN HUBL ◽  
JAMES C. HA ◽  
RENEE R. HA
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Over Time

SummaryKnowledge of species-specific spatial ecology is critical for applying appropriate management strategies to maximise conservation outcomes. We used radio-telemetry to describe spatial behaviour of the critically endangered, island-endemic Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi. To determine whether management strategies should reflect life stage, we measured the home ranges and daily movements of 22 Mariana Crows. Fledgling mobility was low during the first 31 days post-fledging and effects of age (fledgling or sub-adult) and time (months post-fledging or post-dispersal) were often driven entirely by this period. After controlling for reduced fledgling mobility, cumulative home range size increased over time for both age classes and was, on average, more than twice the area for sub-adults than fledglings. Sub-adults also tended to make longer daily movements than fledglings. Non-cumulative, monthly home range areas did not increase over time but the average overlap in home range area between consecutive months was only 63%, suggesting large shifts in space use each month. These results highlight the dynamic nature of Mariana Crow home ranges and suggest that large-scale management efforts are critical for protecting both breeding and non-breeding individuals. The application of the traditional home range concept to Mariana Crows and other wide-ranging passerine birds may result in sub-optimal management strategies. Instead, we recommend that the spatial and temporal scale of conservation efforts be informed by species-specific spatial behaviour across all relevant life stages.

Influence of habitat on home-range size in the short-beaked echidna

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sprent ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Solitary Species

The size of an animal’s home range is strongly influenced by the resources available within it. In productive, resource-rich habitats sufficient resources are obtainable within a smaller area, and for many species, home ranges are smaller in resource-rich habitats than in habitats with lower resource abundance. Location data on 14 male and 27 female echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) fitted with tracking transmitters, in the southern midlands of Tasmania, were used to test the influence of habitat type on home-range size. We hypothesised that as woodland should offer more shelter, food resources and refuges than pasture, echidnas living in woodland would have smaller home ranges than those living in pasture areas. We found significant differences between the sexes. Male echidnas had a significantly larger mean home range than females and a quite different relationship between home-range size and habitat type from females. There was no relationship between the proportion of woodland within male home ranges and home-range size whereas female echidnas had a highly significant negative relationship. This suggests that home-range size of female echidnas is highly influenced by the amount of woodland within it, but the home-range size of male echidnas is controlled by factors other than habitat. This pattern is consistent with the spatial ecology of many other solitary species with a promiscuous mating system. The home ranges of females are scaled to encompass all necessary resources for successfully raising their young within a minimal area, whilst the large home ranges of males are scaled to maximise access to females.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence of spatial memory and home range affinity in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Before And After

The role of spatial memory in the movement of animals through landscapes remains elusive. To examine spatial memory and home range affinity of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Minnesota during 1995–2007, I translocated 17 adult does with known home ranges to unfamiliar sites and radio-tracked them after their release. Twelve does wearing transmitting radio-collars returned to their home ranges. Death and collar expiration precluded determination of whether the remaining five does would have returned to home ranges. Three of five does wearing global positioning system collars traveled throughout hundreds of square kilometres, circling, backtracking, and returning to release sites, while two others exhibited directional movement for tens of kilometres. Four does that survived to parturition stopped traveling and moved at hourly rates similar to those of control does during the first three weeks of the typical fawn-rearing period, but continued traveling later. Their aberrant extensive travel before and after interruption by parturition suggests that they recognized they were in unfamiliar areas, demonstrating both their capacity and propensity to search for and occupy the familiar space of their individual home ranges. Their successful return to home ranges provided experimental evidence of spatial memory and further elucidated its pervasive role in White-tailed Deer spatial ecology.

Urban pigeon populations: stability, home range, and the effect of removing individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sol ◽  
Joan Carles Senar
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Alternative Sites ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Over Time

The population stability and home ranges of rock doves (Columba livia var.) were investigated by means of surveys and monitoring of marked individuals. We also studied the population response to removal of animals. Pigeons used small home ranges, and there was very little exchange between adjacent populations despite their proximity. Individual day attendance at the home range was not bimodal, so individuals cannot be divided into regular and sporadic visitors. The number of individuals remained very stable during the 5 months of the study. Pigeons did not show any group cohesion, but individuals simply used the same small area. The consequence of the removal experiments was a rapid immigration of individuals from areas where no control was exerted, supporting the hypothesis that compensatory changes in dispersal are probably the main mechanism of pigeons' response to external perturbations. The rapid response after control and the disappearance of marked pigeons over time indicate the existence of some sampling movements of individuals between alternative sites. Redistribution of pigeons after the creation of a population vacuum would be in accordance with current models of habitat selection.

Effects of food and predators on the home-range sizes of Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H Hubbs ◽  
Rudy Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spermophilus Parryii ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels

We used radiotelemetry to study the effects of food addition and predator reduction on the home-range sizes of adult Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii) on large-scale experimental grids in the boreal forest of the southwestern Yukon Territory. Home ranges were 2-7 times smaller on food-supplemented grids than on nonsupplemented grids, regardless of whether large mammalian predators were present. Similarly, core areas (where 50% of activities occur) were 8-11 times smaller on food-supplemented grids. Food availability rather than predator presence primarily determined the sizes of home ranges and core areas of Arctic ground squirrels.

scholarly journals Home Range Characteristics and Diel Patterns in Space Use of Mutton Snapper, Lutjanus Analis, in St. Thomas, Us Virgin Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Heidmann ◽  
Jonathan Jossart ◽  
Richard S. Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Management Actions

Abstract Background: The movement ecology of mutton snapper Lutjanus analis is poorly understood despite their ecological and economic importance in the Caribbean. Passive acoustic telemetry was used to determine home ranges of six adult L. analis, including diel patterns, in Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Understanding long-term space use, including site fidelity and habitat usage, is necessary to implement effective and appropriate management actions for a species with extensive space and resource needs.Results: Individual L. analis were tracked over an average period of 316 days (range 125 - 509 days) and showed high site fidelity to relatively small home ranges (mean ± SD: 0.103 ± 0.028 km2, range 0.019 - 0.190 km2) and core use areas with low overlap among individuals. Most home ranges had a habitat composition dominated by seagrass and to a lesser degree, coral reef and/or pavement. Nighttime activity spaces were distinct from but contained within daytime areas.Conclusions: Mutton snapper showed strong site fidelity to home ranges in Brewers Bay. Two individuals that were absent from the array for more than a few hours were detected at separate arrays at spawning aggregation sites. This study expands upon knowledge of mutton snapper home range characteristics, highlights the importance of maintaining adjacent high-quality habitat types in any spatial management plan, and encourages the adoption of other types of management strategies, particularly for transient-aggregating species.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF MONTEZUMA QUAIL IN THE DAVIS MOUNTAINS OF TEXAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Greene ◽  
Louis A. Harveson ◽  
Joshua G. Cross ◽  
Ryan S. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Davis Mountains ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Montezuma Quail

Abstract Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) occur throughout the desert mountain ranges in the Trans-Pecos of Texas as well as Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Limited information on life history and ecology of the species is available due to the cryptic nature of the bird. Home range, movements, and preferred habitats have been speculated upon in previous literature with the use of observational or anecdotal data. We used innovative trapping techniques and technologically advanced radio transmitters to assess these ecological parameters for Montezuma quail. The goal of this study was to monitor Montezuma quail to determine home range size, movements, and habitat preference for the Davis Mountains population. We captured a total of 72 birds over the course of two years (2009 – 2010) (36M, 35F, 1 Undetermined). Thirteen individuals with >25 locations/bird were used to estimate the home range, movement, and habitat selection analyses. Home ranges (95% kernel density estimators) averaged 12.83 ha and varied greatly (0.02 – 43.29 ha). Maximum straight-line distances between known locations within home ranges varied from 0.73 – 14.83 km. Distances of movements were greater than previously reported. Preferred habitats consisted of Canyon Mountain Savannah and Foothill Slope Mountain Savannah across three spatial scales. Although our study was able to address some basic ecological attributes of Montezuma quail, additional research is warranted to better understand their population dynamics.

Spatial ecology of the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus in Midwestern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L J Desbiez ◽  
D Kluyber ◽  
G F Massocato ◽  
L G R Oliveira-Santos ◽  
N Attias
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Home Range Overlap ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Daily Displacement

Abstract The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest living armadillo. This naturally rare and poorly known species is endemic to South America and classified as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN. Here we explored aspects of the spatial ecology of P. maximus in Midwestern Brazil to gain insights on its ecology and biology to support conservation efforts. In 8 years, we identified 50 individuals of P. maximus and monitored 23 of them using telemetry methods. To characterize site fidelity and home range, we fitted individual continuous-time movement models and estimated Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimates. We built a Structural Equation Model to evaluate how home-range area and daily displacement are related to each other, to sampling effort, and to individual characteristics. We estimated home-range overlap between pairs of different sexes using a bias-corrected Bhattacharyya coefficient. Finally, we formulated a canonical density estimation formula to characterize minimum population density. We gathered a total of 12,168 locations of P. maximus. The best-fitted movement models indicated site fidelity for all individuals and a median adult home-range area of 2,518 ha. Median adult daily displacement was 1,651 m. Home-range area scales positively with daily displacement and daily displacement scales positively with body mass. Median home-range overlap between pairs was low (4%) and adult females presented exclusive home ranges among themselves. Median minimum density was 7.65 individuals per 100 km2 (CI = 5.68–10.19 ind/100 km2). Our results are congruent with characterizing P. maximus as a generally asocial species, most likely promiscuous/polygynous, that establishes large, long-term home ranges, which grants the population a naturally low density. Spatial patterns and biological characteristics obtained in this study can be used to guide future conservation strategies for P. maximus in the Pantanal wetlands and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Home range characteristics and diel patterns in space use of mutton snapper, Lutjanus analis, in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Heidmann ◽  
Jonathan Jossart ◽  
Melissa Kimble ◽  
Richard S. Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Management Actions

Abstract Background The movement ecology of mutton snapper Lutjanus analis is poorly understood despite their ecological and economic importance in the Caribbean. Passive acoustic telemetry was used to determine home ranges of six adult L. analis, including diel patterns, in Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Understanding long-term space use, including site fidelity and habitat usage, is necessary to implement effective and appropriate management actions for a species with extensive space and resource needs. Results Individual L. analis were tracked over an average period of 316 days (range 125–509 days) and showed high site fidelity to relatively small home ranges (mean ± SD: 0.103 ± 0.028 km2, range 0.019–0.190 km2) and core use areas with low overlap among individuals. Most home ranges had a habitat composition dominated by seagrass and to a lesser degree, coral reef and/or pavement. Nighttime activity spaces were distinct from but contained within daytime areas. Conclusions Mutton snapper showed strong site fidelity to home ranges in Brewers Bay. Two individuals that were absent from the array for more than a few hours were detected at separate arrays at spawning aggregation sites. This study expands upon knowledge of mutton snapper home range characteristics, highlights the importance of maintaining adjacent high-quality habitat types in any spatial management plan, and encourages the adoption of other types of management strategies, particularly for transient-aggregating species.

scholarly journals Home ranges, sex ratio and recruitment of the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) in semi-arid areas in Tanzania

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C.M. Mlyashimbi ◽  
Joachim Mariën ◽  
Didas N. Kimaro ◽  
Akwilin J.P. Tarimo ◽  
Robert S. Machang’u ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Mastomys Natalensis ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Multimammate Rat

AbstractInvestigation of home ranges, sex ratio and recruitment of the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) in semi-arid areas of Tanzania was conducted in maize and fallow fields using the capture-mark-release (CMR) technique. The aim of this study was to generate useful data for the management of M. natalensis. The relative home range size of M. natalensis was significantly higher during the wet [544 m2 ± 25 standard error (SE)] than during the dry (447 m2 ± 18 SE) season, in males (521 m2 ± 23 SE) than in females (450 m2 ± 17 SE) and in adults (576 m2 ± 34 SE) than in juveniles (459 m2 ± 16 SE). However, there were no significant differences between habitats. Sex ratio was not significantly different (p = 0.44) between habitats. Recruitment was significantly higher (p = 0.000) in maize fields (mean = 0.43) than in fallow land (mean = 0.32) and differed significantly over time (p < 0.0001) with the highest recruitment recorded from April to July and the lowest from October to December. Management strategies should focus on managing rodents inhabiting maize fields using methods that affect their recruitment in order to reduce the population increase of M. natalensis.

scholarly journals Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Communities and Frass Production in ʻŌhiʻa (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) Infected With Ceratocystis (Microascales: Ceratocystidaceae) Fungi Responsible for Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylle Roy ◽  
Kelly A Jaenecke ◽  
Robert W Peck
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Metrosideros Polymorpha ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Xyleborus Ferrugineus ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD) is a deadly disease that is threatening the native Hawaiian keystone tree species, ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaudich). Ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their frass are hypothesized to play a major role in the spread of ROD, although their ecological niches and frass production within trees and across the landscape are not well understood. We characterized the beetle communities and associated frass production from bolts (tree stem sections) representative of entire individual ʻōhiʻa trees from multiple locations across Hawaiʻi Island by rearing beetles and testing their frass for viable ROD-causing fungi. Additionally, we estimated frass production for three beetle species by weighing their frass over time. We found that Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzburg), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston), and Xyleborus simillimus Perkins were commonly found on ROD-infected ʻōhiʻa and each produced frass containing viable Ceratocystis propagules. The Hawaiʻi Island endemic beetle and the only native ambrosia beetle associated with ʻōhiʻa, X. simillimus, was limited to high elevations and appeared to utilize similar tree heights or niche dimensions as the invasive X. ferrugineus. Viable Ceratocystis propagules expelled in frass were found throughout entire tree bole sections as high as 13 m. Additionally, we found that X. ferrugineus produced over 4× more frass than X. simillimus. Our results indicate the ambrosia beetle community and their frass play an important role in the ROD pathosystem. This information may help with the development and implementation of management strategies to control the spread of the disease.

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