scholarly journals Experimental evidence of spatial memory and home range affinity in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Before And After

The role of spatial memory in the movement of animals through landscapes remains elusive. To examine spatial memory and home range affinity of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Minnesota during 1995–2007, I translocated 17 adult does with known home ranges to unfamiliar sites and radio-tracked them after their release. Twelve does wearing transmitting radio-collars returned to their home ranges. Death and collar expiration precluded determination of whether the remaining five does would have returned to home ranges. Three of five does wearing global positioning system collars traveled throughout hundreds of square kilometres, circling, backtracking, and returning to release sites, while two others exhibited directional movement for tens of kilometres. Four does that survived to parturition stopped traveling and moved at hourly rates similar to those of control does during the first three weeks of the typical fawn-rearing period, but continued traveling later. Their aberrant extensive travel before and after interruption by parturition suggests that they recognized they were in unfamiliar areas, demonstrating both their capacity and propensity to search for and occupy the familiar space of their individual home ranges. Their successful return to home ranges provided experimental evidence of spatial memory and further elucidated its pervasive role in White-tailed Deer spatial ecology.

Influence of habitat on home-range size in the short-beaked echidna

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sprent ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Solitary Species

The size of an animal’s home range is strongly influenced by the resources available within it. In productive, resource-rich habitats sufficient resources are obtainable within a smaller area, and for many species, home ranges are smaller in resource-rich habitats than in habitats with lower resource abundance. Location data on 14 male and 27 female echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) fitted with tracking transmitters, in the southern midlands of Tasmania, were used to test the influence of habitat type on home-range size. We hypothesised that as woodland should offer more shelter, food resources and refuges than pasture, echidnas living in woodland would have smaller home ranges than those living in pasture areas. We found significant differences between the sexes. Male echidnas had a significantly larger mean home range than females and a quite different relationship between home-range size and habitat type from females. There was no relationship between the proportion of woodland within male home ranges and home-range size whereas female echidnas had a highly significant negative relationship. This suggests that home-range size of female echidnas is highly influenced by the amount of woodland within it, but the home-range size of male echidnas is controlled by factors other than habitat. This pattern is consistent with the spatial ecology of many other solitary species with a promiscuous mating system. The home ranges of females are scaled to encompass all necessary resources for successfully raising their young within a minimal area, whilst the large home ranges of males are scaled to maximise access to females.

Snowmobile Effects on Movements of White-tailed Deer: A Case-study

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Eckstein ◽  
Thomas F. O'Brien ◽  
Orrin J. Rongstad ◽  
John G. Bollinger
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges

The effects of snowmobile traffic on the winter home-ranges, movements, and activity patterns, of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), were studied during two winters in northern Wisconsin. There were no significant differences in home-range size and habitat use of the Deer in areas with and without snowmobiling. However, snowmobiling caused some Deer to leave the immediate vicinity of the snowmobile trail. Deer were most affected when they were within 61 m of the snowmobile trail.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Role of Snowmelt in a Flood Event in a Gauged Catchment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Mateo-Lázaro ◽  
Jorge Castillo-Mateo ◽  
José Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Víctor Fuertes-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro García-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thawing Process ◽  
Rainfall Model

An actual event that happened in the Roncal valley (Spain) is investigated and the results are compared between models with and without snowmelt. A distributed rainfall model is generated with the specific data recorded by the rain gauges of the catchment during the episode. To describe the process of water routing in the hydrological cycle of the basin, a model is used based on combinations of parallel linear reservoirs (PLR model), distribution by the basin, and tip-out into its drainage network configured using a digital terrain model (DTM). This PLR model allows simulation of the different actual reservoirs of the basin, including the snow and the contribution due to its melting which, in the model, depends on the temperature. The PLR model also allows for a water budget of the episode where, in addition to the effective rainfall contribution, the water that comes from the thaw is taken into account. The PLR model also allows determination of the amount of water that exists in the basin before and after the episode, data of great interest. When comparing the simulations with and without taking into account the thawing process, it is evident that the intervention of the snow reservoir has been decisive in causing a flood to occur.

Spatial ecology of the Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi: Implications for management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH K. FAEGRE ◽  
LINDSEY NIETMANN ◽  
DYLAN HUBL ◽  
JAMES C. HA ◽  
RENEE R. HA
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Over Time

SummaryKnowledge of species-specific spatial ecology is critical for applying appropriate management strategies to maximise conservation outcomes. We used radio-telemetry to describe spatial behaviour of the critically endangered, island-endemic Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi. To determine whether management strategies should reflect life stage, we measured the home ranges and daily movements of 22 Mariana Crows. Fledgling mobility was low during the first 31 days post-fledging and effects of age (fledgling or sub-adult) and time (months post-fledging or post-dispersal) were often driven entirely by this period. After controlling for reduced fledgling mobility, cumulative home range size increased over time for both age classes and was, on average, more than twice the area for sub-adults than fledglings. Sub-adults also tended to make longer daily movements than fledglings. Non-cumulative, monthly home range areas did not increase over time but the average overlap in home range area between consecutive months was only 63%, suggesting large shifts in space use each month. These results highlight the dynamic nature of Mariana Crow home ranges and suggest that large-scale management efforts are critical for protecting both breeding and non-breeding individuals. The application of the traditional home range concept to Mariana Crows and other wide-ranging passerine birds may result in sub-optimal management strategies. Instead, we recommend that the spatial and temporal scale of conservation efforts be informed by species-specific spatial behaviour across all relevant life stages.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF MONTEZUMA QUAIL IN THE DAVIS MOUNTAINS OF TEXAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Greene ◽  
Louis A. Harveson ◽  
Joshua G. Cross ◽  
Ryan S. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Davis Mountains ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Montezuma Quail

Abstract Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) occur throughout the desert mountain ranges in the Trans-Pecos of Texas as well as Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Limited information on life history and ecology of the species is available due to the cryptic nature of the bird. Home range, movements, and preferred habitats have been speculated upon in previous literature with the use of observational or anecdotal data. We used innovative trapping techniques and technologically advanced radio transmitters to assess these ecological parameters for Montezuma quail. The goal of this study was to monitor Montezuma quail to determine home range size, movements, and habitat preference for the Davis Mountains population. We captured a total of 72 birds over the course of two years (2009 – 2010) (36M, 35F, 1 Undetermined). Thirteen individuals with >25 locations/bird were used to estimate the home range, movement, and habitat selection analyses. Home ranges (95% kernel density estimators) averaged 12.83 ha and varied greatly (0.02 – 43.29 ha). Maximum straight-line distances between known locations within home ranges varied from 0.73 – 14.83 km. Distances of movements were greater than previously reported. Preferred habitats consisted of Canyon Mountain Savannah and Foothill Slope Mountain Savannah across three spatial scales. Although our study was able to address some basic ecological attributes of Montezuma quail, additional research is warranted to better understand their population dynamics.

Spatial ecology of the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus in Midwestern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L J Desbiez ◽  
D Kluyber ◽  
G F Massocato ◽  
L G R Oliveira-Santos ◽  
N Attias
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Home Range Overlap ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Daily Displacement

Abstract The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest living armadillo. This naturally rare and poorly known species is endemic to South America and classified as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN. Here we explored aspects of the spatial ecology of P. maximus in Midwestern Brazil to gain insights on its ecology and biology to support conservation efforts. In 8 years, we identified 50 individuals of P. maximus and monitored 23 of them using telemetry methods. To characterize site fidelity and home range, we fitted individual continuous-time movement models and estimated Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimates. We built a Structural Equation Model to evaluate how home-range area and daily displacement are related to each other, to sampling effort, and to individual characteristics. We estimated home-range overlap between pairs of different sexes using a bias-corrected Bhattacharyya coefficient. Finally, we formulated a canonical density estimation formula to characterize minimum population density. We gathered a total of 12,168 locations of P. maximus. The best-fitted movement models indicated site fidelity for all individuals and a median adult home-range area of 2,518 ha. Median adult daily displacement was 1,651 m. Home-range area scales positively with daily displacement and daily displacement scales positively with body mass. Median home-range overlap between pairs was low (4%) and adult females presented exclusive home ranges among themselves. Median minimum density was 7.65 individuals per 100 km2 (CI = 5.68–10.19 ind/100 km2). Our results are congruent with characterizing P. maximus as a generally asocial species, most likely promiscuous/polygynous, that establishes large, long-term home ranges, which grants the population a naturally low density. Spatial patterns and biological characteristics obtained in this study can be used to guide future conservation strategies for P. maximus in the Pantanal wetlands and elsewhere.

Biliary Drainage Before and After Liver Resection for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-634
Author(s):  
Laura M. Enomoto ◽  
Matthew E. B. Dixon ◽  
Allene Burdette ◽  
Niraj J. Gusani
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Drainage ◽  
Future Liver Remnant ◽  
Preoperative Biliary Drainage ◽  
Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Liver Remnant ◽  
Biliary Sepsis ◽  
Before And After

Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) is a rare tumor that requires surgical resection for a potential cure. The role of preoperative biliary drainage has long been debated, given its treatment of biliary sepsis and decompression of the future liver remnant (FLR), but high procedure-specific morbidity. The indications, methods, and outcomes for preoperative biliary drainage are discussed to serve as a guide for perioperative management of patients with resectable PHC. Multiple studies from the literature related to perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, biliary drainage, and management of the FLR were reviewed. Commonly employed preoperative biliary drainage includes endoscopic biliary stenting and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Drainage of the FLR remains controversial, with most experts recommending drainage of the only in patients with an FLR <50%. Biliary drainage for resectable PHC requires a patient-specific approach with careful determination of the FLR and balancing of potential morbidity with the benefits of drainage.

Expression and role of miR-637 before and after lymphadenectomy for thyroid carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253
Author(s):  
Yanqing Qu ◽  
Xiaoyu Chu ◽  
Cuihong Dong ◽  
Weijiao Wang ◽  
Xiaojian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is a common endocrine malignancy that can be partially relieved by surgery, but its recurrence rate remains high. It is speculated that miR-637 exerts certain influence in its occurrence and development. Accordingly, we included 87 TC patients and 72 concurrent healthy controls as the research participants and purchased human papillary thyroid carcinoma cells with which to study and analyze the biological significance of miR-637. The determination of miR-637 and SH2B1 in peripheral blood and tissues was performed using nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction assay, and the identification of cell proliferation and apoptosis was made by MTT, Transwell, and flow cytometry. The results indicated that after transfection of miR-637 into TPC-1, the cell proliferation and invasion capacities in the mimics-miR-637 group were significantly reduced as compared to that of the inhibition-miR-637 and negative control (NC)-miR groups (P < 0.05). While transfection of SH2B1 into TPC-1 cells led to significantly enhanced cell proliferation and invasion capacities in sh-SH2B1 group than in si-SH2B1 and NC groups (P < 0.05). Finally, a double luciferase reporter assay identified enormously inhibited fluorescence activity of SH2B1-WT by mimics-miR-637. According to the experimental results, it is concluded that miR-637 expression was low in TC but increased after lymphadenectomy for TC. Moreover, by targeting SH2B1, miR-637 interferes with TC progression, which carries significant implications for future diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Space use and territoriality in swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in northeastern Colorado

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amariah A. Lebsock ◽  
Christopher L. Burdett ◽  
Safi K. Darden ◽  
Torben Dabelsteen ◽  
Michael F. Antolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Vulpes Velox ◽  
Shortgrass Prairie ◽  
Core Areas

Space use is a fundamental characteristic that informs our knowledge of social relationships and the degree to which individuals are territorial. Until recently, relatively little was known about the spatial ecology and social organization of swift foxes ( Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)). We investigated space use of swift foxes on shortgrass prairie in northeastern Colorado. Our first objective was to evaluate sizes of seasonal and annual home ranges and core areas of 13 radio-collared swift foxes monitored continuously for 2 years. Our second objective was to compare home-range and core-area overlap of breeding pairs to that of neighboring foxes, including male–male, female–female, and nonbreeding female–male dyads. Home-range size in our study population was among the smallest previously reported for swift foxes. Males tended to have slightly larger home ranges and core areas than females, and home-range size was significantly larger in the breeding season than in both the pup-rearing and the dispersal seasons; sizes of core areas did not differ seasonally. Spatial overlap between breeding pairs was substantial, whereas spatial overlap between neighbors, particularly males, was low, suggesting territoriality.

scholarly journals Role of Microperimetry in Observation and Treatment in Patients with Macular Holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
A. S. Zotov ◽  
A. S. Balalin ◽  
S. V. Balalin ◽  
A. M. Marukhnenko ◽  
T. G. Efremova
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Dynamic Observation ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Idiopathic Macular Holes

Purpose: to assess the role of microperimetry in dynamic observation and treatment of patients with macular holes.Patients and Methods. Retrospective study of the microinvasive vitrectomy results using 25G or 27G technologies in 29 patients (29 eyes) with idiopathic macular holes (IMH). The examination included the determination of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tonometry, perimetry, ultrasound biometry, optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, microperimetry.Results. After surgical treatment all patients have shown a significant improvement in BCVA and retinal photosensitivity (p < 0.05). A formula was derived for the dependence of BCVA after treatment on the initial retinal photosensitivity and the minimum IMH size, which can be applied to predict the results of surgical treatment.Conclusion. Microperimetry is a modern non-invasive examination method that allows with a higher density and resolution to localize central defects of the visual field and to carry out thorough monitoring before and after surgical treatment. The study of the retinal photosensitivity in the macular region and the minimum IMH size before treatment allow to predict BCVA in the postoperative period.

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