Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Cheirodendron trigynum (Araliaceae) from the montane zone of Hawaii

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Alvin Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Shoot Emergence

AbstractThe Araliaceae is known to have seeds with underdeveloped embryos that must grow prior to radicle emergence, and thus they have morphological (MD) or morphophysiological (MPD) dormancy. Araliaceae is one of about 15 families with woody species in the tropical montane zone, and in Hawaii 15 species occur in the montane. Our purpose was to determine if seeds of the Hawaiian Araliaceae species Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. trigynum have MD or MPD and, if MPD, what level. In a move-along experiment, some seeds were incubated continuously at 15/6, 20/10 or 25/15°C, while others were moved sequentially from low to high or from high to low temperature regimes. Germination percentages and embryo growth were monitored. Also, the effects of cold and warm stratification on dormancy break were determined. Seeds had physiological dormancy (PD) in addition to small embryos that grew prior to germination, and thus MPD. PD was broken slowly ( ≥ 12 weeks), after which embryos grew rapidly, followed by root and shoot emergence. Embryos grew at temperatures suitable for warm stratification; thus, seeds have Type 1 non-deep simple MPD; the dormancy formula is C1bBb. Seeds from Oahu germinated to 94–100% at 15/6, 20/10 and 25/15°C, while those from the Big Island germinated to high percentages only at 15/6 and 20/10°C. Temperature shifts improved germination of seeds from the Big Island, and movement from either low to high or from high to low temperature regimes was effective in promoting germination. This is the first report of non-deep simple MPD in the Araliaceae.

scholarly journals Seed dormancy in Camellia sinensis L. (Theaceae): effects of cold-stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid application on germination

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danping Song ◽  
Ganesh K. Jaganathan ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
Baolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank ◽  
Natural Dispersal

There are several different opinions regarding dormancy in tea (Camellia sinensis L.), but there is no strong evidence available to conclude whether or not these seeds are dormant. Freshly matured tea seeds collected from Hangzhou, China, at the natural dispersal time did not germinate in light at daily alternative temperature regimes of 10/15, 15/20, 20/25, or 25/35 °C, or at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Seeds were permeable to water and the embryos did not grow prior to radicle emergence, thus, the seeds have no physical, morphological, or morphophysiological dormancy. When cold-stratified at 4 °C for 1, 2, and 3 months, 64%, 88%, and 93% of the seeds germinated, respectively. Intact fresh seeds failed to germinate after treatment with 0, 10, 500, and 1000 ppm GA3, whereas 3%, 4%, 61%, and 86% of cracked seeds germinated, respectively. Thus, the seeds have nondeep and intermediate physiological dormancy. Seeds cold-stratified for 2 months that were buried at soil depths of 0, 1, and 5 cm in pots showed that seeds at 1 cm depth established significantly higher number of seedlings (P < 0.05) than at other two depths. Because tea seeds are susceptible to summer temperature drying, these seeds do not establish a persistent seed bank.

Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the rare Alpinia galanga: a first report for Zingiberaceae

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Baradwaj ◽  
M.V. Rao ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
T. Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Alpinia Galanga ◽  
First Report ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractLittle information is available on seed dormancy of members of the Zingiberales and especially the Zingiberaceae. Our aim was to investigate the dormancy breaking and germination requirements of Alpinia galanga in vitro with a minimum number of seeds, using the move-along experiment. The mass of imbibed seeds increased by 17.5% in 1 d, showing that seeds were water permeable. The best germination in the move-along experiment (86.7%) was obtained when seeds were exposed to the sequence of temperature regimes that began with winter (20/10°C), and seeds began to germinate after 6 weeks at this temperature regime. Seeds dry stored for 4 months and then incubated at the sequence of temperature regimes that began with summer (30/20°C) started germinating in the sixth week at this temperature regime and had germinated to 93.3% after 18 weeks. Seeds kept dry for 4 months and then treated with 50 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) began to germinate at 30/20°C after 2 weeks. Control seeds incubated continuously at 20/10, 25/15 or 30/20°C germinated to 80.6, 77.8 and 60.0%, respectively. When incubated at 15, 20, 25 or 30°C, the ideal temperature for embryo growth was 20°C. Since GA3 and dry storage can break non-deep physiological dormancy and embryos grew during warm stratification, seeds of A. galanga have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). This is the first report of non-deep simple MPD in the Zingiberaceae.

Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of six endemic lobelioid shrubs (Campanulaceae) from the montane zone in Hawaii

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Alvin Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
Germination Requirements

The purpose of this study was to investigate seed dormancy breaking and germination requirements of six woody Hawaiian endemic lobelioids (Campanulaceae). Seeds of all species had underdeveloped, physiologically dormant embryos and thus morphophysiological dormancy. Fresh seeds of Clermontia pyrularia Hillebr. and Trematolobelia macrostachys (Hook. & Arnott) A. Zahlbr. did not germinate during 4 weeks of incubation in light at 15/6, 20/10, or 25/15 °C, whereas those of Clermontia fauriei H. Lev., Clermontia hawaiiensis (Hillebr.) Rock, Clermontia kakeana Meyen, and Cyanea angustifolia (Cham.) Hillebr. germinated to 61%–85% but only at 25/15 °C. Since seeds of the latter four species eventually germinated to 84%–100% when incubated for 12–36 weeks at the three temperature regimes, fresh seeds had conditional dormancy; the physiological component of morphophysiological dormancy was nondeep. Seeds of Trematolobelia macrostachys also came out of dormancy (and germinated to 90%) during 18 weeks of incubation at each of the three temperatures regimes, whereas those of Clermontia pyrularia did so only at 15/6 °C. Simulated seasonal temperature variations did not promote dormancy break and germination in any species except Clermontia pyrularia , in which a 12-week incubation period at 25/15 °C resulted in 90% germination after seeds were moved to 20/10 °C. Seeds of all species had an absolute light requirement for germination except those of Clermontia pyrularia, which germinated to 48% in darkness. Since seeds of the six species only require high temperatures for embryo growth and the breaking of physiological dormancy, they have nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy.

Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
Nele Bolle ◽  
Jozef A. Van Assche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

Germination of Viburnum odoratissimum seeds: a new level of morphophysiological dormancy

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Ching-Te Chien ◽  
Shun-Ying Chen ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Viburnum Odoratissimum

AbstractPrevious studies indicated that seeds of Viburnum odoratissimum had only physiological dormancy (PD), but no measurements of embryos were made during the dormancy-break treatments. Thus, we investigated embryo growth and radicle and cotyledon emergence over a range of temperatures. Seeds have underdeveloped embryos, and their length increased about 300% before radicle emergence. Embryos also had PD, as evidenced by delays in beginning of embryo growth (2–3 weeks) and of germination after embryos were elongated (4 weeks). After radicle emergence, epicotyl emergence was delayed 1–8 weeks, depending on incubation temperature, but cold stratification was not required to break PD of the epicotyl. Unlike seeds of many previously studied Viburnum spp., epicotyls of V. odoratissimum have non-deep, rather than deep, PD. Hence, a new level of MPD called non-deep, simple, epicotyl MPD has been identified.

Intermediate morphophysiological dormancy allows for life-cycle diversity in the annual weed, Turgenia latifolia (Apiaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miregul Nurulla ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Juan J. Lu ◽  
Dun Y. Tan ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Western China ◽  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Germination Phenology ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Winter Annual

Our aim was to determine the seed dormancy-breaking requirements and type of life cycle of Turgenia latifolia in north-western China. At dispersal in July, only 0–9% of the seeds germinated at 5/2°C, 15/2°C, 20/10°C and 25/15°C; thus, 91% of the seeds exhibited physiological dormancy (PD) and 9% were non-dormant. Also, the embryo was underdeveloped and embryo length : seed length ratio increased from 0.38 in fresh seeds to 0.79 at germination. Seeds buried in dry soil at the four temperature regimes for 12 weeks germinated to ≥50% when tested in darkness at 5/2°C, and those buried at 15/2°C and 20/10°C germinated to ≥50% when tested at 15/2°C. Seeds have intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). PD was broken at high and/or low temperatures, but embryo growth was completed only at low temperatures; gibberellic acid (GA3) promoted germination. Seeds buried under natural conditions during summer germinated to ~70% and ~55% at 5/2°C and 15/2°C, respectively, in darkness in autumn. In a germination-phenology study, cumulative germination was ~20% and ~80% in autumn and spring, respectively. Intermediate complex MPD allows the species to behave as a winter annual and as a short-lived summer annual.

Morphophysiological epicotyl dormancy in seeds of threePsychotriaspecies from Sri Lanka: first record for Rubiaceae

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasoja S. Athugala ◽  
K.M.G. Jayasuriya ◽  
A.M.T.A. Gunaratne ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Shoot Emergence

AbstractTo increase our knowledge of the diversity of seed dormancy and germination in Rubiaceae, we investigated seed desiccation sensitivity and germination of threePsychotriaspecies. Seeds ofP. gardneri, P. nigraandP. zeylanicagerminated to high percentages at <15% seed moisture content. Intact seeds ofP. zeylanicaandP. nigraimbibed water and thus do not have physical dormancy. More than 50% of the seeds ofP. zeylanica, P. nigraandP. gardneritook 33, 53 and 110 d, respectively, at 25°C for the radicle to emerge, and embryo growth occurred before and after radicle emergence. Thus, seeds have morphophysiological dormancy. Shoot emergence ofP. nigraandP. zeylanicaseeds was delayed 50 and 80 d after radical emergence, respectively; thus, seeds have epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy (eMPD). This is the first report of eMPD in Rubiaceae. Since warm stratification promoted both radicle and shoot emergence in seeds ofP. zeylanicaandP. nigra, the level of eMPD is non-deep simple. Hence, dormancy of the studiedPsychotriaspp. can be described as C1bBb(radicle)–C1bBb(epicotyl), i.e. the embryo is underdeveloped and grows prior to radicle emergence and epicotyl emergence under warm temperatures (Bb), and both the radicle and epicotyl have non-deep simple physiological dormancy broken by warm temperatures (C1b). In twoPsychotriaspecies studied in detail, radicle emergence occurs at the beginning of the rainy season and plumule emergence at the peak rainy season when conditions are most favourable for rapid seedling development.

Habitat-related germination behaviour and emergence phenology in the woodland geophyte Anemone ranunculoides L. (Ranunculaceae) from northern Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mondoni ◽  
Robin Probert ◽  
Graziano Rossi ◽  
Fiona Hay
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Shoot Emergence

AbstractThis study examined whether the restricted habitat preference of the spring-flowering woodland geophyte Anemone ranunculoides L., compared with that of A. nemorosa growing in the same woodlands in northern Italy, could be explained by subtle differences in germination preference and emergence phenology. Immediately after harvest, seeds of A. ranunculoides were either sown on agar in the laboratory under simulated seasonal temperatures or placed in nylon mesh sachets and buried in the wild. Embryos, undifferentiated at the time of seed dispersal, grew during summer in the laboratory and in the wild, culminating in radicle emergence in the autumn, when temperatures fell to c. 15°C. Shoot emergence was delayed under natural conditions until soil temperature had dropped further to c. 10°C. Compared with populations of the closely related Anemone nemorosa L. occupying the same woodland habitat, which have been reported to have non-dormant radicles, A. ranunculoides displayed a narrower temperature tolerance for radicle emergence and high levels of germination were possible only after prolonged exposure to summer conditions, indicating physiological dormancy. However, unlike A. nemorosa, shoot emergence in A. ranunculoides was not dependent on winter temperatures, suggesting weaker epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy. Under a regime of diurnal temperature alternation, simulating the microclimate where there is little plant cover, germination failed almost completely; this could explain the absence of A. ranunculoides in open habitats.

Seed dormancy in Campanulaceae: morphological and morphophysiological dormancy in six species of Hawaiian lobelioids

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Alvin Yoshinaga ◽  
Dustin Wolkis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Embryo Length ◽  
Morphological Dormancy

We determined the requirements for dormancy break/germination and kind of dormancy in seeds of the Hawaiian lobelioids Cyanea kunthiana, Delissea rhytidoperma, Lobelia grayana, L. hypoleuca, Trematolobelia grandifolia, and T. singularis. Fresh seeds were incubated in light/dark at 15/6, 20/10, and 25/15 °C, and germination monitored at two-week intervals for 14 weeks. For each species, the mean embryo length (E): seed (S) length ratio was determined for freshly matured seeds and for seeds at the time the seed coat split but before radicle emergence (germination). The embryo in seeds of all six species incubated at 25/15 °C grew inside the seed prior to germination (42%–148% increase in E:S ratio, depending on species). Seeds of L. grayana and L. hypoleuca have morphological dormancy (MD); they germinated to 82%–98% at the three temperature regimes in 4 weeks. Seeds of the other species have nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and require >4 weeks for maximum germination to occur. Our results add to the growing body of knowledge about the kind (class) of seed dormancy in Campanulaceae, which suggests that seeds of members of this family have either MD or MPD and embryos grow at warm (≥15 °C) temperatures.

scholarly journals Deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the basal taxad Cephalotaxus

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Ju Yang ◽  
Ching-Te Chien ◽  
Yue Ken Liao ◽  
Shun-Ying Chen ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Seeds Germination

AbstractAlthough mature seeds of the monogeneric conifer family Cephalotaxaceae sensu stricto have underdeveloped embryos, no definitive studies have been done to classify dormancy in this family. Our primary purpose was to determine the kind of dormancy in seeds of Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and to put the results into a broad phylogenetic context for gymnosperms. The species is of horticultural and medicinal value, and information is needed on how to propagate it efficiently from seeds. Embryo growth and germination were monitored for seeds at warm, cold and warm plus cold temperatures, and germination was monitored for seeds subjected to: (1) cold →  warm →  cold →  warm; and (2) warm →  cold →  warm →  cold →  warm temperature sequences. The effects of gibberellic acids GA3 and GA4 were tested on radicle emergence in ungerminated seeds and on shoot emergence in root-emerged seeds. Germination was promoted by ≥ 36 weeks of warm stratification followed by ≥ 8 weeks of cold stratification, but only if seeds were returned to high temperatures. The underdeveloped embryo must increase in length by >120% before the radicle emerges. Neither GA3 nor GA4 was effective in promoting radicle emergence; however, both plant growth regulators increased rate (but not percentage) of shoot emergence in root-emerged seeds. We conclude that seeds of C. wilsoniana have the deep simple level of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), C1b-C3-B1b; thus, warm stratification followed by cold stratification and then warm-temperature incubation are required for germination. In gymnosperms, MPD is known in cycads, Ginkgo and now in three families of conifers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document