PENGARUH KETINGGIAN TEMPAT TUMBUH TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga L.)

Rimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L.) merupakan tanaman yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai rempah dan obat tradisional dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tanaman ini mengandung senyawa bioaktif flavonoid yang memiliki efek antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat tumbuh terhadap aktivitas antiokasidan dan toksisitas dari ekstrak rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L.). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi sedangkan kadar polifenol dan flavonoid total dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Folin-ciocalteu dan metode kolorimetri yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrihidrazil) dan sitotoksisitas dengan menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethaly Test). Ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat diperoleh rendemen sebesar 2,24% untuk dataran rendah, 3,51% dataran sedang dan dataran tinggi sebesar 3,77%. Analisis kadar fenolik dan flavanoid diperoleh berturut turut dari dataran rendah ke tinggi sebesar 6,08±0,26% dan 2,25±0,05%, 5,09±0,14% dan 1,09±0,08, 5,47±0,24% dan 1,16±0,3%. Aktifitas antioksidan yang tertinggi diperoleh pada dataran rendah diperoleh IC50 332,48 bpj, kemudian pada dataran tinggi dengan IC50 447,14 bpj dan pada dataran sedang diperoleh IC50 sebesar 518,57 bpj. Uji sitotoksik terhadap ketiga ekstrak menunjukkan hasil LC50 yang tidak terlalu berbeda antara ketiga lokasi tersebut.

Complete Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Two Important Medicinal Alpinia Species: Alpinia galanga and Alpinia kwangsiensis

Most Alpinia species are valued as foods, ornamental plants, or plants with medicinal properties. However, morphological characteristics and commonly used DNA barcode fragments are not sufficient for accurately identifying Alpinia species. Difficulties in species identification have led to confusion in the sale and use of Alpinia for medicinal use. To mine resources and improve the molecular methods for distinguishing among Alpinia species, we report the complete chloroplast (CP) genomes of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia kwangsiensis species, obtained via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The CP genomes of A. galanga and A. kwangsiensis exhibited a typical circular tetramerous structure, including a large single-copy region (87,565 and 87,732 bp, respectively), a small single-copy region (17,909 and 15,181 bp, respectively), and a pair of inverted repeats (27,313 and 29,705 bp, respectively). The guanine–cytosine content of the CP genomes is 36.26 and 36.15%, respectively. Furthermore, each CP genome contained 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 38 distinct tRNA genes, and 8 distinct rRNA genes. We identified 110 and 125 simple sequence repeats in the CP genomes of A. galanga and A. kwangsiensis, respectively. We then combined these data with publicly available CP genome data from four other Alpinia species (A. hainanensis, A. oxyphylla, A. pumila, and A. zerumbet) and analyzed their sequence characteristics. Nucleotide diversity was analyzed based on the alignment of the complete CP genome sequences, and five candidate highly variable site markers (trnS-trnG, trnC-petN, rpl32-trnL, psaC-ndhE, and ndhC-trnV) were found. Twenty-eight complete CP genome sequences belonging to Alpinieae species were used to construct phylogenetic trees. The results fully demonstrated the phylogenetic relationship among the genera of the Alpinieae, and further proved that Alpinia is a non-monophyletic group. The complete CP genomes of the two medicinal Alpinia species provides lays the foundation for the use of CP genomes in species identification and phylogenetic analyses of Alpinia species.

An In vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Alpinia galangal and Alpinia calcarata

Background: The herbs, genus Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga that underneath the family Zingiberaceae are rhizomatous and extremely aromatic. The study is to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia calcarata in-vitro. Material and Methods: The inhibitory effect of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia calcarata on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were evaluated. Results: The results revealed that both Alpinia galanga and Alpinia calcarata inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in a dose-dependent manner (200–1000 μg/mL). However, Alpinia calcarata possess better antidiabetic activity than Alpinia galangal. Conclusion: The presence of phenolic and other phytochemical content in the herbs might be the reason for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Thus, the drug formulating from the herbs, Alpinia galanga and Alpinia calcarata could be part of the potential alternative for synthetic anti-diabetic drug.

Role of Unani Herbal Formulation of Sumbul-Ut-teeb (Nardostachys jatamansi) & Khulanjan (Alpinia galangal) in the Management of Tashhamul kabid (Fatty Liver) in a Clinical Study

sumbul-ut-teeb (Nardostachys jatamansi) & khulanjan (Alpinia galanga)are extensively used drugs by our ancient Unani physicians for the management of Gastro hepatic diseases due to cold temperament such as gastritis,metabolic disorders, tashhamul kabid (fatty liver)

Binding effects of Alpinia galanga oil and its nanoemulsion 1 to GABAA receptors in rat cortical membranes

Anesthetic activity of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has been reported however the mechanism of action in mammals has not been clear. In the present study, the binding effects of AGO and its three active components to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor in cortical membranes of Sprague-Dawley rats were firstly investigated using a [3H]muscimol binding assay. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used to deliver these test samples. The results showed that only AGO and methyl eugenol displayed positive modulation at the highest concentration whereas 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate were inactive. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing 20%w/w AGO (NE-AGO) was formulated to deliver AGO instead of DMSO. This NE-AGO significantly enhanced a specific [3H]muscimol binding to 179% of the control with EC50 of 391 µg/mL. The result correlates well to the amount of methyl eugenol in AGO. This result confirms that the anesthetic activity of AGO and methyl eugenol is associated with GABAA receptor modulation, while that of 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate is not and may instead be related to other mechanisms. AGO showed well-tolerated by human cells. Therefore, the formulated NE-AGO might be a promising alternative anesthetic product for humans.