scholarly journals Luria's three-step test: what is it and what does it tell us?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1602-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron F. Weiner ◽  
Linda S. Hynan ◽  
Heidi Rossetti ◽  
Jed Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Retrospective Record Review ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACTBackground: The purpose of this study is to determine if the three-step Luria test is useful for differentiating between cognitive disorders.Methods: A retrospective record review of performance on the three-step Luria test was conducted on 383 participants from a university-based dementia clinic. The participants ranged in their diagnosis from frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 43), Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 153), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 56), and normal controls (NC; n = 131). Performance of the Luria test was graded as normal or abnormal.Results: An abnormal test occurred in 2.3% of NC, 21.4% of MCI, 69.8% of FTD, and 54.9% of AD subjects. The frequency of abnormal tests in all diagnostic groups increased with functional impairment as assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR). When CDR = 3 (severe), 100% of the FTD and 72.2% of the AD subjects had abnormal Luria tests.Conclusions: The three-step Luria test distinguished NC and persons with MCI from FTD and AD, but did not distinguish FTD from AD subjects.

Neuropsychiatric Features of Neurosyphilis: Frequency, Relationship with the Severity of Cognitive Impairment and Comparison with Alzheimer Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
Haishan Shi ◽  
Le Hou ◽  
Ben Chen ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage

Background: The pattern of neuropsychiatric features of patients with neurosyphilis and the impact of the severity of cognitive impairment on neuropsychiatric syndromes are unknown. Objective: We aim to assess the neuropsychiatric features of patients with neurosyphilis, and compare the impact of the severity of cognitive impairment on the neuropsychiatric syndromes between neurosyphilis and Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the degree of cognitive impairment were assessed in a case-control study of 91 neurosyphilis, 162 AD, 157 mild cognitive impairment, and 139 normal controls by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scale and Clinical Dementia Rating scale, respectively. Factor analysis was performed on the 12 NPI items. Results: Factor analysis showed that patients with neurosyphilis showed more severe neuropsychiatric syndromes at the dementia stage than those neurosyphilis patients at the mild cognitive impairment stage, while neuropsychiatric manifestations were equally common among the different stages of dementia (all p < 0.05). Frontal lobe syndrome was more severe in patients with neurosyphilis than in patients with AD from the early mild cognitive impairment stage to the moderate dementia stage (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with neurosyphilis show different patterns of neuropsychiatric syndromes at the mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages, and differ from patients with AD.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cognitive Performance and Measures of Neurodegeneration among Hispanic and White Non-Hispanic Individuals with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanna L. Burke ◽  
Miriam J. Rodriguez ◽  
Warren Barker ◽  
Maria T Greig-Custo ◽  
Monica Rosselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Mild Dementia

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to determine the presence and severity of potential cultural and language bias in widely used cognitive and other assessment instruments, using structural MRI measures of neurodegeneration as biomarkers of disease stage and severity.Methods:Hispanic (n=75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) (n=90) subjects were classified as cognitively normal (CN), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild dementia. Performance on the culture-fair and educationally fair Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) between Hispanics and WNHs was equivalent, in each diagnostic group. Volumetric and visually rated measures of the hippocampus entorhinal cortex, and inferior lateral ventricles (ILV) were measured on structural MRI scans for all subjects. A series of analyses of covariance, controlling for age, depression, and education, were conducted to compare the level of neurodegeneration on these MRI measures between Hispanics and WNHs in each diagnostic group.Results:Among both Hispanics and WNH groups there was a progressive decrease in volume of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and an increase in volume of the ILV (indicating increasing atrophy in the regions surrounding the ILV) from CN to aMCI to mild dementia. For equivalent levels of performance on the FOME and CDR, WNHs had greater levels of neurodegeneration than did Hispanic subjects.Conclusions:Atrophy in medial temporal regions was found to be greater among WNH than Hispanic diagnostic groups, despite the lack of statistical differences in cognitive performance between these two ethnic groups. Presumably, unmeasured factors result in better cognitive performance among WNH than Hispanics for a given level of neurodegeneration. (JINS, 2018,24, 176–187)

scholarly journals Dementia and mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2b) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Maria Almeida Souza Tedrus ◽  
Lineu Corrêa Fonseca ◽  
Grace Helena Letro ◽  
Alexandre Souza Bossoni ◽  
Adriana Bastos Samara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Motor Disability

The objective of this research was to assess the occurrence of cognitive impairment in 32 individuals (average age: 67.2 years old) with Parkinson' disease (PD). Procedures: clinical-neurological assessment; modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (HYS); standard neuropsychological battery of CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' Disease); Pfeffer questionnaire; and Clinical Dementia Rating. A comparison was made with a control group (CG), consisting of 26 individuals with similar age and educational level but without cognitive impairment. The PD patients showed an inferior performance in the CERAD battery when compared to the CG. Three PD sub-groups were characterised according to cognition: no cognitive impairment - 15 cases; mild cognitive impairment - 10; dementia - 7 cases. There was a significant association between motor disability (HYS) and the occurrence of dementia. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment frequently occur in PD patients and should be investigated in a routine way.

Can the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Identify Mild Cognitive Impairment and Predict Cognitive and Functional Decline?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Woolf ◽  
Melissa J. Slavin ◽  
Brian Draper ◽  
Floortje Thomassen ◽  
Nicole A. Kochan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background: The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) is used to rate dementia severity. Its utility in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its predictive value remain unknown. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the association between CDR scores and expert MCI diagnosis, and to determine whether baseline CDR scores were predictive of cognitive or functional decline and progression to dementia over 6 years. Methods: At baseline, the sample comprised 733 non-demented participants aged 70-90 years from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Global and sum of boxes CDR scores were obtained at baseline. Participants also received comprehensive neuropsychological and functional assessment as well as expert consensus diagnoses at baseline and follow-up. Results: At baseline, CDR scores had high specificity but low sensitivity for broadly defined MCI. The balance of sensitivity and specificity improved for narrowly defined MCI. Longitudinally, all baseline CDR scores predicted functional change and dementia, but CDR scores were not predictive of cognitive change. Conclusion: CDR scores do not correspond well with MCI, except when MCI is narrowly defined, suggesting that the CDR taps into the more severe end of MCI. All CDR scores usefully predict functional decline and incident dementia.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and staging of mild cognitive impairment, using a modification of the clinical dementia rating scale: the mCDR

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Duara ◽  
David A. Loewenstein ◽  
Maria T. Greig-Custo ◽  
Ashok Raj ◽  
Warren Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale

De novo genesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas E. Geda ◽  
Glenn E. Smith ◽  
David S. Knopman ◽  
Bradley F. Boeve ◽  
Eric G. Tangalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: There is inadequate information regarding the neuropsychiatric aspect of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Objective: To determine the neuropsychiatric profile of MCI, and compare this with normal controls and patients with mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD).Design: Cross-sectional assessment of psychiatric symptoms in subjects that are enrolled in Mayo Clinic's longitudinal study of normal aging, MCI and dementia.Methods and Participants: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was administered to normal control subjects, MCI subjects and patients with early AD. Individual NPI domain scores and total NPI scores were compared among the three groups after controlling for age, educational status, Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Statistical analysis was performed by utilizing ANOVA, χ2 and Fisher's exact test.Results: Data were analyzed on 514 normal controls, 54 MCI subjects, and 87 subjects with mild AD (CDR of 0.5 or 1); females consisted of 60.3%, 53.7% and 57.5%; and, the average ages (SD) were 77.8 (1.95), 79 (4.6), 80.5 (14.6) respectively. ANOVA pair-wise comparison revealed that both MMSE and DRS differences among the three groups were significantly different at (p=0.05). The total NPI scores were significantly different (p=0.0001, F=107.93) among the three groups using ANOVA. Pair-wise comparison of individual behavioral domain of NPI showed statistically significant differences between MCI and normals; and MCI and AD (p=0.001). Group differences on NPI remained after controlling for age and education at p=0.0375 and p=0.0050 respectively.Conclusion: The neuropsychiatric pattern is reminiscent of the clinical, neuroimaging and neuropsychological profile of MCI. It gives further credence to the view that MCI is indeed the gray zone, with overlap on both ends of the pole.

scholarly journals Operational Determination of Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia Using Sum of Boxes of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wan Yang ◽  
Kai-Cheng Hsu ◽  
Cheng-Yu Wei ◽  
Ray-Chang Tzeng ◽  
Pai-Yi Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Two Phase

Objectives: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale is the gold standard for the staging of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the application of CDR for the staging of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in AD remains controversial. This study aimed to use the sum of boxes of the CDR (CDR-SB) plus an SCD single questionnaire to operationally determine the different stages of cognitive impairment (CI) due to AD and non-AD.Methods: This was a two-phase study, and we retrospectively analyzed the Show Chwan Dementia registry database using the data selected from 2015 to 2020. Individuals with normal cognition (NC), SCD, MCI, and mild dementia (MD) due to AD or non-AD with a CDR &lt; 2 were included in the analysis.Results: A total of 6,946 individuals were studied, including 875, 1,009, 1,585, and 3,447 with NC, SCD, MCI, and MD, respectively. The cutoff scores of CDR-SB for NC/SCD, SCD/MCI, and MCI/dementia were 0/0.5, 0.5/1.0, and 2.5/3.0, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of the test groups were 0.85, 0.90, and 0.92 for discriminating NC from SCD, SCD from MCI, and MCI from dementia, respectively. Compared with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the use of CDR-SB is less influenced by age and education.Conclusion: Our study showed that the operational determination of SCD, MCI, and dementia using the CDR-SB is practical and can be applied in clinical settings and research on CI or dementia.

Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment classifications and neurobehavioral symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie L. McDermott ◽  
Nancy Fisher ◽  
Sandra Bradford ◽  
Richard Camicioli
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:We apply recently recommended Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) classification criteria from the movement disorders society (MDS) to PD patients and controls and compare diagnoses to that of short global cognitive scales at baseline and over time. We also examine baseline prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms across different definitions of MCI.Methods:51 PD patients and 50 controls were classified as cognitively normal, MCI, or demented using MDS criteria (1.5 or 2.0 SD below normative values), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). All subject had parallel assessment with the Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI).Results:We confirmed that PD-MCI (a) is frequent, (b) increases the risk of PDD, and (c) affects multiple cognitive domains. We highlight the predictive variability of different criteria, suggesting the need for further refinement and standardization. When a common dementia outcome was used, the Level II MDS optimal testing battery with impairment defined as two SD below norms in 2+ tests performs the best. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were more common in PD across all baseline and longitudinal cognitive classifications.Conclusions:Our results advance previous findings on the utility of MDS PD-MCI criteria for PD patients and controls at baseline and over time. Additionally, we emphasize the possible utility of other cognitive scales and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document