scholarly journals Dementia and mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2b) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Maria Almeida Souza Tedrus ◽  
Lineu Corrêa Fonseca ◽  
Grace Helena Letro ◽  
Alexandre Souza Bossoni ◽  
Adriana Bastos Samara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Motor Disability

The objective of this research was to assess the occurrence of cognitive impairment in 32 individuals (average age: 67.2 years old) with Parkinson' disease (PD). Procedures: clinical-neurological assessment; modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (HYS); standard neuropsychological battery of CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' Disease); Pfeffer questionnaire; and Clinical Dementia Rating. A comparison was made with a control group (CG), consisting of 26 individuals with similar age and educational level but without cognitive impairment. The PD patients showed an inferior performance in the CERAD battery when compared to the CG. Three PD sub-groups were characterised according to cognition: no cognitive impairment - 15 cases; mild cognitive impairment - 10; dementia - 7 cases. There was a significant association between motor disability (HYS) and the occurrence of dementia. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment frequently occur in PD patients and should be investigated in a routine way.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Physical Exercise and Other Behavioral Interventions on Functional Status Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anne L. Shandera-Ochsner ◽  
Melanie J. Chandler ◽  
Dona E. Locke ◽  
Colleen T. Ball ◽  
Julia E. Crook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Group Sessions

Abstract Objectives: Lifestyle modifications for those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may promote functional stability, lesson disease severity, and improve well-being outcomes such as quality of life. The current analysis of our larger comparative effectiveness study evaluated which specific combinations of lifestyle modifications offered as part of the Mayo Clinic Healthy Action to Benefit Independence in Thinking (HABIT) program contributed to the least functional decline in people with MCI (pwMCI) over 18 months. Methods: We undertook to compare evidence-based interventions with one another rather than to a no-treatment control group. The interventions were five behavioral treatments: computerized cognitive training (CCT), yoga, Memory Support System (MSS) training, peer support group (SG), and wellness education (WE), each delivered to both pwMCI and care partners, in a group-based program. To compare interventions, we randomly withheld one of the five HABIT® interventions in each of the group sessions. We conducted 24 group sessions with between 8 and 20 pwMCI–partner dyads in a session. Results: Withholding yoga led to the greatest declines in functional ability as measured by the Functional Activities Questionnaire and Clinical Dementia Rating. In addition, memory compensation (calendar) training and cognitive exercise appeared to have associations (moderate effect sizes) with better functional outcomes. Withholding SG or WE appeared to have little effect on functioning at 18 months. Conclusions: Overall, these results add to the growing literature that physical exercise can play a significant and lasting role in modifying outcomes in a host of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.

Regional metabolic changes in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate area detected with 3-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqun Wang ◽  
Cheng Zhao ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Weidong Zhou ◽  
Kuncheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Mini Mental Status Exam

Background: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) plays an important role in early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). There are many reports on MRS studies among individuals with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, very few studies have compared spectroscopic data of different limbic regions among AD and MCI subjects. Purpose: To compare metabolite changes of different regions in the brain of AD and MCI patients by using 3.0T short-echo-time MRS. Material and Methods: Metabolite ratios in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate area were compared in a group of patients with AD ( n=16), MCI ( n=16), and normal subjects as a control group ( n=16). Clinical neuropsychological tests were measured in all subjects. Results: In the hippocampus, there were significant differences in N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI)/Cr, and mI/NAA ratios among the three groups. However, there were no significant differences in choline (Cho)/Cr ratio among the three groups. In the posterior cingulate area, there were no significant differences in the NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr ratios among the three groups. However, there were significant differences in mI/NAA ratio between patients with AD and the control group, and between the AD and MCI groups. In addition, there was significant correlation between mI/NAA ratio and Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score in subjects with AD and MCI. Conclusion: The study reveals that the elevation of mI/NAA ratio in the hippocampus is more significant than that in the posterior cingulate area, which corresponds to the pathologic procession of AD. The ratios of mI/NAA in the hippocampus and in the posterior cingulate area together provide valuable discrimination among the three groups (AD, MCI, and controls). There is a significant correlation between mI/NAA ratio and cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hearing impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo da Costa Lopes ◽  
Regina Miksian Magaldi ◽  
Mara Edwirges Rocha Gândara ◽  
Ana Carolina de Barros Reis ◽  
Wilson Jacob-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
And Control

Abstract The correlation between hearing and cognition is well established in dementia, but not in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: The aim of the present study was to define the prevalence of hearing impairment in elderly patients with MCI and in controls. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with MCI and 24 control subjects were analyzed. We evaluated memory and hearing impairments through clinical tests, including the Mini Mental Status Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening (HHIE-S). Audiometries were performed in 22 patients with MCI and 19 subjects in a control group. Results: MCI patients showed more hearing complaints (68.9%) compared to the control group (25%) (p=0.001). No differences in the intensity of hearing complaints, measured by the HHIE-S, were detected. Nonetheless, differences between mean hearing threshold (MCI group=23.4±11.3 dB and control group=16.0±10.1dB) (p=0.03) were identified. Conclusions: There is a significant association between MCI and hearing impairment. Hearing impairment in MCI patients may be a contributory factor to cognitive decline. This may however be related to the same neuropathological process, due to lesions of cortical areas related to hearing. The early diagnosis of hearing impairment in MCI patients may offer a more appropriate approach to this disease.

Acutil® in mild cognitive impairment or early dementia: an exploratory observational pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rainer ◽  
Hermann A. M. Mucke
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Positive Effects

Background: With no approved treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), attention increasingly turns to qualified food supplements. Objective: To conduct a 12-month rater-blinded exploratory outpatient trial with Acutil®, a supplement consisting of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Ginkgo biloba extract, and vitamins, in 50 persons with amnestic MCI or mild to moderate Alzheimer or mixed-type dementia. Methods: Cognitive tools were the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Patients were randomized 40:10 to additional Acutil® or no additional supplementation;all continued on their existing medications during the entire study. Results: Only the COWAT produced a clear positive signal in the Acutil® group between individual baseline and study endoint, but the between-group comparison was not statistically significant. The MMSE score remained stable in the Acutil® group while deteriorating in the control group; post-hoc examination suggests that the Acutil® group might have contained responders. ADAS-Cog and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores both showed marginal deterioration in both groups. Conclusions: We tentatively interpret our results as potentially indicating positive effects of Acutil® on verbal fluency and some aspects of executive function, with an onset after 6 months of continuous treatment. However, much larger and double-blinded studies will be required to make firm statements.

scholarly journals Validation of the Argentine version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MOCA): A screening tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia in Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Serrano ◽  
Marcos Sorbara ◽  
Alexander Minond ◽  
John B. Finlay ◽  
Raul L. Arizaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

ABSTRACT. The MoCA is a brief useful test to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia (MD). To date, no Argentine cross-cultural adapted validations of the Spanish version have been reported. Objective: To validate the MoCA in the elderly and study its usefulness in MCI and MD. Methods: This study included 399 individuals over 60 years old evaluated in the Cognitive-Behavioral Department (2017-2018). Patients with<3 years of education, sensory disturbances, psychiatric disorders, or moderate-severe dementia were excluded. The control group comprised cognitively normal subjects. Participants were classified according to neuropsychological assessment and clinical standard criteria into Control, MCI or MD groups. A locally adapted MoCA (MOCA-A) was administered to the patients and controls. Results: Mean educational level was 10.34 years (SD 3.5 years). MoCA-A score differed significantly among groups (p<0.0001). MoCA-A performance correlated with educational level (r: 0.406 p<0.00001). Adopting a cut-off score ≥25 (YI=0.55), the sensitivity for MCI was 84.8% and for MD 100%, with specificity of 69.7%. When adding a single point to the score in patients with ≤12 years of education, the specificity of the test reached 81%. Conclusion: The MoCA-A is an accurate reliable screening test for MCI and MD in Argentina.

Neuropsychiatric Features of Neurosyphilis: Frequency, Relationship with the Severity of Cognitive Impairment and Comparison with Alzheimer Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
Haishan Shi ◽  
Le Hou ◽  
Ben Chen ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage

Background: The pattern of neuropsychiatric features of patients with neurosyphilis and the impact of the severity of cognitive impairment on neuropsychiatric syndromes are unknown. Objective: We aim to assess the neuropsychiatric features of patients with neurosyphilis, and compare the impact of the severity of cognitive impairment on the neuropsychiatric syndromes between neurosyphilis and Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the degree of cognitive impairment were assessed in a case-control study of 91 neurosyphilis, 162 AD, 157 mild cognitive impairment, and 139 normal controls by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scale and Clinical Dementia Rating scale, respectively. Factor analysis was performed on the 12 NPI items. Results: Factor analysis showed that patients with neurosyphilis showed more severe neuropsychiatric syndromes at the dementia stage than those neurosyphilis patients at the mild cognitive impairment stage, while neuropsychiatric manifestations were equally common among the different stages of dementia (all p < 0.05). Frontal lobe syndrome was more severe in patients with neurosyphilis than in patients with AD from the early mild cognitive impairment stage to the moderate dementia stage (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with neurosyphilis show different patterns of neuropsychiatric syndromes at the mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages, and differ from patients with AD.

scholarly journals Luria's three-step test: what is it and what does it tell us?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1602-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron F. Weiner ◽  
Linda S. Hynan ◽  
Heidi Rossetti ◽  
Jed Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Retrospective Record Review ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACTBackground: The purpose of this study is to determine if the three-step Luria test is useful for differentiating between cognitive disorders.Methods: A retrospective record review of performance on the three-step Luria test was conducted on 383 participants from a university-based dementia clinic. The participants ranged in their diagnosis from frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 43), Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 153), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 56), and normal controls (NC; n = 131). Performance of the Luria test was graded as normal or abnormal.Results: An abnormal test occurred in 2.3% of NC, 21.4% of MCI, 69.8% of FTD, and 54.9% of AD subjects. The frequency of abnormal tests in all diagnostic groups increased with functional impairment as assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR). When CDR = 3 (severe), 100% of the FTD and 72.2% of the AD subjects had abnormal Luria tests.Conclusions: The three-step Luria test distinguished NC and persons with MCI from FTD and AD, but did not distinguish FTD from AD subjects.

scholarly journals Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Seon Myeong Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

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