scholarly journals Cognitive test battery for evaluating elderly Chinese Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Li ◽  
Judith Neugroschl ◽  
Carolyn W. Zhu ◽  
Mari Umpierre ◽  
Jane Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Elderly Chinese

ABSTRACTObjectives:This study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of a Chinese test battery for evaluating cognitive loss in elderly Chinese Americans.Methods:Data from a pilot study at the Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center was examined. All participants were > 65 years old, primarily Chinese speaking, with adequate sensorimotor capacity to complete cognitive tests. A research diagnosis of normal mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was assigned to each participant in consensus conference. Composite scores were created to summarize test performance on overall cognition, memory, attention executive function, and language. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the sensitivity of each cognitive domain for discriminating three diagnostic categories. Adjustment was made for demographic variables (i. e., age, gender, education, primary language, and years living in the USA).Results:The sample included 67 normal, 37 MCI, and 12 AD participants. Performance in overall cognition, memory, and attention executive function was significantly worse in AD than in MCI, and performance in MCI was worse than in normal controls. Language performance followed a similar pattern, but differences did not achieve statistical significance among the three diagnostic groups.Conclusions:This study highlights the need for cognitive assessment in elderly Chinese immigrants.

scholarly journals P1-471: THE UTILITY OF VERBAL MEMORY TESTS AS SENSITIVE MARKERS FOR EARLY-STAGE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN ELDERLY CHINESE AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P449-P449
Author(s):  
Clara Li ◽  
Judith Neugroschl ◽  
Carolyn W. Zhu ◽  
Mari Umpierre ◽  
Jane Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Elderly Chinese

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric symptoms and executive function impairments in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: The role of subcortical circuits

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Tiel ◽  
Felipe Kenji Sudo ◽  
Ana Beatriz Calmon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating

ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia are prevalent, under-recognized and little studied regarding their pathophysiological aspects. The pathophysiological mechanism, as well as the possible role of vascular lesions in the genesis of these symptoms, are still matters of debate. Objective: to describe and compare the prevalence and severity of NPS in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 82 outpatients, divided into two groups (AD × VaD), was conducted. Patients were submitted to the Cambridge Cognitive Test (CAMCOG), the Clock Drawing Test (CLOX 1 and 2), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Neuroimaging was scored using the de Leon and Fazekas scales. Results: 90.8% of the patients had at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. There were statistical differences on the CLOX test and in the apathy symptoms between AD and VaD groups. Apathy and disinhibition proved more prevalent in patients with higher vascular load. Conclusion: apathy and impaired executive function may reflect vascular damage in subcortical circuits in dementia patients.

045 Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Circadian Rest/Activity Rhythms with Cognition in the Early Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A19-A20
Author(s):  
Alfonso Alfini ◽  
Marilyn Albert ◽  
Andreia Faria ◽  
Anja Soldan ◽  
Corinne Pettigrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Introduction Alterations in sleep and circadian rhythms are common in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, but the nature of such changes in the early phases of AD remains unclear. This study compared sleep and circadian rest/activity rhythms (RARs), measured by standard and novel actigraphic indices, between participants with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and examined cross-sectional associations between these measures and cognition. Methods Actigraphy data were collected in 179 individuals (mean age=72.6 years, gender=64.8% female) with normal cognition (n=153) or MCI (n=26) from the Biomarkers for Older Controls at Risk of Dementia (BIOCARD) study. Standard sleep parameters (i.e., total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency [SE], wake after sleep onset [WASO], average wake bout length [WBL]), and standard non-parametric RAR metrics (i.e., relative amplitude [RA], intradaily variability [IV], interdaily stability [IS]) were generated. Functional principal component (fPC) methods were used to generate three novel RAR indices (fPC1, fPC2, fPC3) representing 69% of the total variance. Cognitive test scores were used to generate composite measures reflecting the domains of episodic memory and executive function using factor analysis. Regression models were used to compare sleep and circadian RAR parameters between the diagnostic groups and to evaluate their associations with cognitive performance. Results After adjustment for age, sex, education, and APOE-4 genotype, compared to normal controls, MCI subjects had significantly lower SE, lower RA, and lower scores on the novel RAR measure fPC3, which reflects a later rhythm phase, lower amplitude, and lower activity both at night and early in the day. In analyses combining data from participants with MCI and controls, several standard RAR parameters (e.g., higher RA and IS) and higher fPC3 scores were associated with both better episodic memory and executive function. Additionally, several standard measures (e.g., lower WASO and IV) and lower fPC1 scores (reflecting higher rhythm amplitude and greater activity throughout daytime hours) were linked with better executive function. Conclusion MCI participants have sleep and circadian alterations, which are significantly associated with cognitive performance. A novel RAR measure, fPC3, showed differences in rhythm patterns that extended from the night into the daytime. Support (if any) Funding-support NIA (U19-AG033655, T32-AG027668, R01-AG050507) and AASMF (#223-BS-19).

A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia

Neurology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mathuranath ◽  
P. J. Nestor ◽  
G. E. Berrios ◽  
W. Rakowicz ◽  
J. R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Cognitive Test

scholarly journals Cognitive Function during the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome: Comparing Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Christy L. Hom ◽  
Katharine A. Kirby ◽  
Joni Ricks-Oddie ◽  
David B. Keator ◽  
Sharon J. Krinsky-McHale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Prodromal Stage

Accurate identification of the prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in adults with Down syndrome (MCI-DS) has been challenging because there are no established diagnostic criteria that can be applied for people with lifelong intellectual disabilities (ID). As such, the sequence of cognitive decline in adults with DS has been difficult to ascertain, and it is possible that domain constructs characterizing cognitive function in neurotypical adults do not generalize to this high-risk population. The present study examined associations among multiple measures of cognitive function in adults with DS, either prior to or during the prodromal stage of AD to determine, through multiple statistical techniques, the measures that reflected the same underlying domains of processing. Participants included 144 adults with DS 40–82 years of age, all enrolled in a larger, multidisciplinary study examining biomarkers of AD in adults with DS. All participants had mild or moderate lifelong intellectual disabilities. Overall AD-related clinical status was rated for each individual during a personalized consensus conference that considered performance as well as health status, with 103 participants considered cognitively stable (CS) and 41 to have MCI-DS. Analyses of 17 variables derived from 10 tests of cognition indicated that performance reflected three underlying factors: language/executive function, memory, and visuomotor. All three domain composite scores significantly predicted MCI-DS status. Based upon path modeling, the language/executive function composite score was the most affected by prodromal AD. However, based upon structural equation modeling, tests assessing the latent construct of memory were the most impacted, followed by those assessing visuomotor, and then those assessing language/executive function. Our study provides clear evidence that cognitive functioning in older adults with DS can be characterized at the cognitive domain level, but the statistical methods selected and the inclusion or exclusion of certain covariates may lead to different conclusions. Best practice requires investigators to understand the internal structure of their variables and to provide evidence that their variables assess their intended constructs.

scholarly journals Spatial navigation measured by the Floor Maze Test in patients with subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro Gujord Tangen ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Astrid Bergland ◽  
Tron Anders Moger ◽  
Oskar Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Word List ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Maze Test

ABSTRACTBackground:Impaired spatial navigation is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but this can be difficult to assess in clinical practice. We examined how the performance on the Floor Maze Test (FMT), which combines navigation with walking, differed between patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild AD. We also explored if there was a significant relationship between the FMT and the cognitive tests or sociodemographic factors.Methods:The study included 128 patients from a memory clinic classified as having SCI (n = 19), MCI (n = 20), and mild AD (n = 89). Spatial navigation was assessed by having the patients walk through the FMT, a two-dimensional maze. Both timed measures and number of errors were recorded. Cognitive function was assessed by the Word List Memory test, the Clock Drawing test, the Trail Making tests (TMT) A and B, and the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE).Results:The patients with MCI were slower than those with SCI, while the patients with mild AD more frequently completed the FMT with errors or gave up than the patients with MCI. Performance on the FMT was significantly associated with executive function (measured by TMT-B).Conclusions:The performances on the FMT worsened with increasing severity of cognitive impairment, and the FMT was primarily associated with executive function. The explained variance was relatively low, which may indicate that the standard cognitive test battery does not capture impairments of spatial navigation.

scholarly journals Symptom profiles in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with and without concomitant cerebrovascular disease: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm ◽  
Maria Lage Barca ◽  
Karin Persson ◽  
Anne-Brita Knapskog ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describe different cognitive profiles. AD patients often have concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and these patients could therefore be expected to display symptoms of both AD and VCI. AD patients with concomitant CVD display symptoms of cognitive impairment with less AD pathology than those without CVD. Medial temporal atrophy (MTA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a biomarker of neurodegeneration in AD, and we would expect less MTA in AD patients with CVD. The first aim was to examine whether there were differences in the results of cognitive tests for memory, executive function, and processing speed, or in depressive symptoms, between AD patients with and without CVD. Secondly, to assess whether MTA on MRI is more pronounced among AD patients without CVD. Methods: A total of 192 AD patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia underwent cognitive assessment and depression screening. Cerebral MRIs were assessed for MTA, white matter hyperintensities, and lacunar and cortical infarcts. CVD was defined as the presence of white matter hyperintensities Fazekas scale ≥2 or any infarct. To study the effect of CVD, several multiple linear regression analyses were carried out using CVD adjusted for age and sex as the independent variable, and cognitive test scores, depression scores, and MTA as dependent variables. Results: Mean age was 72.2 (SD 8.3) years. The number of AD patients with and without concomitant CVD was 121 and 71, respectively. The group with CVD scored significantly lower on tests of attention, executive function and immediate recall compared with the group without CVD. In analyses controlled for age and sex, concomitant CVD was not associated with significant differences in any cognitive test nor in depressive symptoms. A statistically significant association between AD with concomitant CVD and more pronounced MTA was identified. Conclusions: The results indicate that cognitive test profiles, depressive symptoms, and MTA scores cannot be used to distinguish AD patients with and without CVD.

scholarly journals Remote monitoring technologies in Alzheimer’s disease: design of the RADAR-AD study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijn Muurling ◽  
◽  
Casper de Boer ◽  
Rouba Kozak ◽  
Dorota Religa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Abstract Background Functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is typically measured using single-time point subjective rating scales, which rely on direct observation or (caregiver) recall. Remote monitoring technologies (RMTs), such as smartphone applications, wearables, and home-based sensors, can change these periodic subjective assessments to more frequent, or even continuous, objective monitoring. The aim of the RADAR-AD study is to assess the accuracy and validity of RMTs in measuring functional decline in a real-world environment across preclinical-to-moderate stages of AD compared to standard clinical rating scales. Methods This study includes three tiers. For the main study, we will include participants (n = 220) with preclinical AD, prodromal AD, mild-to-moderate AD, and healthy controls, classified by MMSE and CDR score, from clinical sites equally distributed over 13 European countries. Participants will undergo extensive neuropsychological testing and physical examination. The RMT assessments, performed over an 8-week period, include walk tests, financial management tasks, an augmented reality game, two activity trackers, and two smartphone applications installed on the participants’ phone. In the first sub-study, fixed sensors will be installed in the homes of a representative sub-sample of 40 participants. In the second sub-study, 10 participants will stay in a smart home for 1 week. The primary outcome of this study is the difference in functional domain profiles assessed using RMTs between the four study groups. The four participant groups will be compared for each RMT outcome measure separately. Each RMT outcome will be compared to a standard clinical test which measures the same functional or cognitive domain. Finally, multivariate prediction models will be developed. Data collection and privacy are important aspects of the project, which will be managed using the RADAR-base data platform running on specifically designed biomedical research computing infrastructure. Results First results are expected to be disseminated in 2022. Conclusion Our study is well placed to evaluate the clinical utility of RMT assessments. Leveraging modern-day technology may deliver new and improved methods for accurately monitoring functional decline in all stages of AD. It is greatly anticipated that these methods could lead to objective and real-life functional endpoints with increased sensitivity to pharmacological agent signal detection.

scholarly journals Bayesian model reveals latent atrophy factors with dissociable cognitive trajectories in Alzheimer’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (42) ◽  
pp. E6535-E6544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth C. Mormino ◽  
Nanbo Sun ◽  
Reisa A. Sperling ◽  
Mert R. Sabuncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
With Memory

We used a data-driven Bayesian model to automatically identify distinct latent factors of overlapping atrophy patterns from voxelwise structural MRIs of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia patients. Our approach estimated the extent to which multiple distinct atrophy patterns were expressed within each participant rather than assuming that each participant expressed a single atrophy factor. The model revealed a temporal atrophy factor (medial temporal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala), a subcortical atrophy factor (striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum), and a cortical atrophy factor (frontal, parietal, lateral temporal, and lateral occipital cortices). To explore the influence of each factor in early AD, atrophy factor compositions were inferred in beta-amyloid–positive (Aβ+) mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN) participants. All three factors were associated with memory decline across the entire clinical spectrum, whereas the cortical factor was associated with executive function decline in Aβ+ MCI participants and AD dementia patients. Direct comparison between factors revealed that the temporal factor showed the strongest association with memory, whereas the cortical factor showed the strongest association with executive function. The subcortical factor was associated with the slowest decline for both memory and executive function compared with temporal and cortical factors. These results suggest that distinct patterns of atrophy influence decline across different cognitive domains. Quantification of this heterogeneity may enable the computation of individual-level predictions relevant for disease monitoring and customized therapies. Factor compositions of participants and code used in this article are publicly available for future research.

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