Comparative Performance of Mildly Impaired Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Cerebral Infarctions on Tests of Memory and Functional Capacity

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Zimmer ◽  
Sherri Hayden ◽  
Cecilia Deidan ◽  
David A. Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Patient Groups

There is increasing evidence that mildly impaired patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be distinguished from mildly impaired patients with multi-infarct cognitive disorder (MICD) by their degree of semantic memory impairment. However, despite these observed group differences, it is unknown whether AD and MICD patients differ in their ability to perform a broad array of functional activities required for daily living and the degree to which severity of cognitive impairment is associated with functional deficits. Using a measure assessing numerous functional domains within the clinical setting, we were able to directly compare the functional capacity of mildly impaired AD and MICD patients, as well as a more cognitively impaired AD group.Although mildly impaired AD patients scored significantly lower on tests of semantic memory relative to their mildly impaired MICD counterparts, deficits in functional capacity were relatively equivalent. The AD group with more severe cognitive impairment scored lower on both memory and functional measures. A relatively high proportion of mildly impaired AD and MICD subjects evidenced impairment across a number of functional domains, suggesting that functional impairment may occur with relatively high frequency in these patient groups.

scholarly journals Lexical semantic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (3a) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio L.F. Balthazar ◽  
José E. Martinelli ◽  
Fernando Cendes ◽  
Benito P. Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Lexical Semantic

OBJECTIVE: To study lexical semantic memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls. METHOD: Fifteen mild AD, 15 aMCI, and 15 normal control subjects were included. Diagnosis of AD was based on DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, and that of aMCI, on the criteria of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment, using CDR 0.5 for aMCI and CDR 1 for mild AD. All subjects underwent semantic memory tests (Boston Naming-BNT, CAMCOG Similarities item), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), neuropsychological tests (counterproofs), and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney test for intergroup comparisons and Pearson's coefficient for correlations between memory tests and counterproofs (statistical significance level was p<0.05). RESULTS: aMCI patients were similar to controls on BNT and Similarities, but worse on MMSE and RAVLT. Mild AD patients scored significantly worse than aMCI and controls on all tests. CONCLUSION: aMCI impairs episodic memory but tends to spare lexical semantic system, which can be affected in the early phase of AD.

Explicit (Semantic) Memory for Music in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Kerer ◽  
Josef Marksteiner ◽  
Hartmann Hinterhuber ◽  
Guerino Mazzola ◽  
Georg Kemmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Early Stage

scholarly journals Assessment of balance in mild and moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease: implications on falls and functional capacity

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2a) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Mayumi Kato-Narita ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Marcia Radanovic
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Balance Scale

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between balance, falls and loss of functional capacity in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease(AD). METHOD: 40 subjects without cognitive impairment (control group) and 48 AD patients (25 mild, 23 moderate) were evaluated with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). Subjects answered a questionnaire about falls occurrence in the last twelve months. RESULTS: Moderate AD patients showed poorer balance (p=0.001) and functional capacity (p <0.0001) and it was observed a correlation between falls and balance (r= -0.613; p=0.045). CONCLUSION: There is a decline of balance related to AD which is a factor associated to the occurrence of falls, albeit not the most relevant one. The loss of functional capacity is associated with the disease's progress but not to a higher occurrence of falls. The balance impairment did not correlate with functional decline in AD patients.

scholarly journals Cognitive Skills Questionnaire: Comparative Results in Elderly Population without Cognitive Deficit, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Labos ◽  
Edith Labos ◽  
Sofia Trojanowski ◽  
Karina Zabala ◽  
Miriam Del Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Complaint

The increase in consultations for changes and/or cognitive complaints in the elderly, together with the current interest in epidemiological research in this context creates the need for screening tools for cognitive assessment to enable the detection of early deficits. Evidence shows its predictive value in the development of dementia disease. This study aims at displaying the results of a Cognitive Skills Questionnaire (CSQ) in a patient population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both compared with a control group (CG) with no cognitive disorder and verifying its sensitivity and specificity in order to identify risk patients with cognitive disorder. Participants and Methods: A total of 208 participants were evaluated, out of which 60 had MCI, 46 had AD and a remaining group of 102 subjects who had no cognitive disorder. All participants were administrated the CSQ and a battery of neuropsychological proofs. We analysed the statistical data using ANOVA, Student’s t-test, Tuckey test, ROC curve and principal components analysis. A multiple regression analysis was carried out so as to single out those questions which better differentiated the studied groups. Results: The CSQ showed significant differences between the CG and both groups of patients (AD p> 0.01 and MCI p> 0.05). It was established a cut-off point of 17.5 in the CSQ total score with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91.3%. Conclusion: The CSQ could eventually allow us to identify patients with cognitive disorders and those others with a cognitive complaint greater than expected. Thus, this questionnaire could be a useful testing and counselling tool in health primary attention.

scholarly journals REDUCED SPEECH CONNECTEDNESS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RELATES TO POORER SEMANTIC MEMORY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Malcorra ◽  
Natália Mota ◽  
Janaina Weissheimer ◽  
Lucas Schilling ◽  
Maximiliano Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Connected Component ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Practical Tool

Background: Connected speech, an ecologically valid task, represents a valuable tool to support the detection of linguistic and cognitive impairment. Objective: First, to verify whether connected speech can differentiate oral narrative production between adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitively healthy older adults (HOA). Second, to verify whether specific speech graph attributes are associated with episodic, working, and semantic memory. Methods: 24 AD patients (age=72.75±8.13; education=4.25±3.30) and 48 HOA (age=69.85±7.06; education=5.08±3.10) produced an oral narrative task based on a sequence of pictures and performed episodic, working, and semantic memory tasks. Narratives were transcribed and each word was represented as a node and the temporal sequence was represented as directed edges. Graph connectedness was assessed by counting the number of edges (E), the number of nodes in the largest connected component (LCC) and the number of nodes in the largest strongly connected component (LSC). Results: AD patients produced less connected narratives than the HOA, with fewer edges (p=0.0035) and smaller LSC (p=0.0116). Semantic memory correlated moderately with LCC (Rho=0.59, p=0.002) exclusively in AD. Episodic memory correlated with LSC in HOA (Rho=0.47, p= <0.001). Conclusion: Word-graphs connectedness represents a practical tool to assess cognitive impairment in AD patients.

scholarly journals Discovery of a Metabolic Signature Predisposing High Risk Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment to Converting to Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10903
Author(s):  
Yi-Long Huang ◽  
Chao-Hsiung Lin ◽  
Tsung-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Chen-Hua Huang ◽  
Jie-Ling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Signature ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Observation Period

Assessing dementia conversion in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains challenging owing to pathological heterogeneity. While many MCI patients ultimately proceed to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a subset of patients remain stable for various times. Our aim was to characterize the plasma metabolites of nineteen MCI patients proceeding to AD (P-MCI) and twenty-nine stable MCI (S-MCI) patients by untargeted metabolomics profiling. Alterations in the plasma metabolites between the P-MCI and S-MCI groups, as well as between the P-MCI and AD groups, were compared over the observation period. With the help of machine learning-based stratification, a 20-metabolite signature panel was identified that was associated with the presence and progression of AD. Furthermore, when the metabolic signature panel was used for classification of the three patient groups, this gave an accuracy of 73.5% using the panel. Moreover, when specifically classifying the P-MCI and S-MCI subjects, a fivefold cross-validation accuracy of 80.3% was obtained using the random forest model. Importantly, indole-3-propionic acid, a bacteria-generated metabolite from tryptophan, was identified as a predictor of AD progression, suggesting a role for gut microbiota in AD pathophysiology. Our study establishes a metabolite panel to assist in the stratification of MCI patients and to predict conversion to AD.

Semantic memory and depressive symptoms in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lehrner ◽  
G. Coutinho ◽  
P. Mattos ◽  
D. Moser ◽  
M. Pflüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Controls

ABSTRACTBackground:Semantic memory may be impaired in clinically recognized states of cognitive impairment. We investigated the relationship between semantic memory and depressive symptoms (DS) in patients with cognitive impairment.Methods:323 cognitively healthy controls and 848 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia were included. Semantic knowledge for famous faces, world capitals, and word vocabulary was investigated.Results:Compared to healthy controls, we found a statistically significant difference of semantic knowledge in the MCI groups and the AD group, respectively. Results of the SCD group were mixed. However, two of the three semantic memory measures (world capitals and word vocabulary) showed a significant association with DS.Conclusions:We found a difference in semantic memory performance in MCI and AD as well as an association with DS. Results suggest that the difference in semantic memory is due to a storage loss rather than to a retrieval problem.

scholarly journals Decreased Retinal Vascular Density in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Qianhua Zhao ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Huimeng Lu ◽  
Zhenxu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Patient Groups

BackgroundTo explore the retinal vascular density changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsWe recruit 62 AD patients, 47 MCI patients, and 49 cognitively healthy controls (HC) in this study. All participants in the study received a comprehensive ophthalmological and neurological evaluation, including global cognitive screening, as well as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and completed the following eye examinations: visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), examination with slit-lamp, fundus photography (Version 1.5.0.0, NIDEK CO, LTD) and Optical coherence tomography imaging (software ReVue version 2017.1.0.155, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, United States). The visual rating scales for atrophy and white matter lesion in MRI was evaluated for all the patients with AD and MCI.ResultsIn the AD patient group, the superficial vascular density in the superior, inferior and whole retina was 44.64 ± 3.34, 44.65 ± 3.55, and 44.66 ± 3.36, respectively. These values were 44.24 ± 3.15, 43.72 ± 3.16, and 44 ± 3.07, respectively, in the MCI patient group. After multivariate analysis of the generalized linear model, adjustments for the confounding factors of sex, age, hypertension, diabetes and the quality index of OCTA image, the superficial vascular density in the AD and MCI patient groups was significantly lower than that in the HC group (P &lt; 0.05): 46.94 ± 2.04, 46.67 ± 2.26, and 46.82 ± 2.08, respectively. No difference in the area of the FAZ among the three groups was observed (AD group: 0.34 ± 0.11 mm2; MCI group: 0.36 ± 0.12 mm2; control group: 0.33 ± 0.12 mm2, p &gt; 0.05). The ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, inner parafovea thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) thickness were associated with the superficial vascular density. We found no significant correlation between the global cognition (MMSE scores) or between the Fazekas score and retinal OCT angiogram flow density.ConclusionThe superficial vascular density in the AD and MCI patient groups was significantly lower than that in the HC group. Our findings suggest the retinal microvascular dysfunction occurred in MCI and AD.

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