Panel 2.2: Surveillance, Early Warning Alert, and Response: Communicable and Vector-Borne Diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collette Roure ◽  
Asheena Khalakdina ◽  
Kumnuan Ungchusak ◽  
Media Yulizar ◽  
P. Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Surveillance, Early Warning Alert and Response at the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO)in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to the surveillance, early warning alert, and response to communicable and vector-borne diseases as pertaining to the responses to the damage created bythe Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) key questions; (2) needs assessment; (3) coordination(4) gap filling; and (5) capacity building. The key questions section is presented in six sub-sections: (1) communicable diseases; (2) early warning; (3) laboratory capacity and referral networking; (4) coordination of disease surveillance, early warning, and response; (5) health infrastructure rebuilding; and (6) using existing national surveillance plans toenhance disease surveillance and early warning systems.

scholarly journals Session 1.3: Health Protection and Disease Prevention: A Critical Review of Experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Joanna Merlin-Scholtes ◽  
Jai Narain ◽  
Supamit Chunsuttiwat ◽  
Caroline Hyde-Price ◽  
Philippe Francois Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Health Protection and Disease Prevention of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related health protection and disease prevention as pertaining to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections:(1) key questions; (2) national perspectives; (3) an international perspective; (4) laboratory aspects in disease surveillance; and (5) partnership.

scholarly journals From the Field to the Laboratory: Quantifying Outdoor Mosquito Landing Rate to Better Evaluate Topical Repellents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Rubén Bueno-Marí ◽  
Andrea Drago ◽  
Miguel A Miranda
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Asian Tiger Mosquito ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Asian Tiger ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Vector-borne diseases are a worldwide threat to human health. Often, no vaccines or treatments exist. Thus, personal protection products play an essential role in limiting transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) arm-in-cage (AIC) test is the most common method for evaluating the efficacy of topical repellents, but it remains unclear whether AIC testing conditions recreate the mosquito landing rates in the field. This study aimed to estimate the landing rate outdoors, in an area of Europe highly infested with the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894, Diptera: Culididae)), and to determine how to replicate this rate in the laboratory. To assess the landing rate in the field, 16 individuals were exposed to mosquitoes in a highly infested region of Italy. These field results were then compared to results obtained in the laboratory: 1) in a 30 m3 room where nine volunteers were exposed to different mosquito abundances (ranges: 15–20, 25–30, and 45–50) and 2) in a 0.064 m3 AIC test cage where 10 individuals exposed their arms to 200 mosquitoes (as per WHO requirements). The highest mosquito landing rate in the field was 26.8 landings/min. In the room test, a similar landing rate was achieved using 15–20 mosquitoes (density: 0.50–0.66 mosquitoes/m3) and an exposure time of 3 min. In the AIC test using 200 mosquitoes (density: 3,125 mosquitoes/m3), the landing rate was 229 ± 48 landings/min. This study provides useful reference values that can be employed to design new evaluation standards for topical repellents that better simulate field conditions.

scholarly journals Narrative Review on Health-EDRM Primary Prevention Measures for Vector-Borne Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chan ◽  
Tiffany Sham ◽  
Tayyab Shahzada ◽  
Caroline Dubois ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is expanding the global at-risk population for vector-borne diseases (VBDs). The World Health Organization (WHO) health emergency and disaster risk management (health-EDRM) framework emphasises the importance of primary prevention of biological hazards and its value in protecting against VBDs. The framework encourages stakeholder coordination and information sharing, though there is still a need to reinforce prevention and recovery within disaster management. This keyword-search based narrative literature review searched databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase and Medline between January 2000 and May 2020, and identified 134 publications. In total, 10 health-EDRM primary prevention measures are summarised at three levels (personal, environmental and household). Enabling factor, limiting factors, co-benefits and strength of evidence were identified. Current studies on primary prevention measures for VBDs focus on health risk-reduction, with minimal evaluation of actual disease reduction. Although prevention against mosquito-borne diseases, notably malaria, has been well-studied, research on other vectors and VBDs remains limited. Other gaps included the limited evidence pertaining to prevention in resource-poor settings and the efficacy of alternatives, discrepancies amongst agencies’ recommendations, and limited studies on the impact of technological advancements and habitat change on VBD prevalence. Health-EDRM primary prevention measures for VBDs require high-priority research to facilitate multifaceted, multi-sectoral, coordinated responses that will enable effective risk mitigation.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Controlling Urban Mosquito-Borne Diseases in a Changing Urban Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ligsay ◽  
Olivier Telle ◽  
Richard Paul
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world’s population by 2050 and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities’ surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of such vector-borne diseases. Many of the major mosquito-borne diseases are urban and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Mitigation strategies beneficial for one sector may, however, be detrimental for another. Implementation of inter-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labour and health) do exist and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among inter-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.

Panel 2.7: First 30 Days: Organizing Rapid Responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 420-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Emerson ◽  
Arturo Pesigan ◽  
Lita Sarana ◽  
Nenette Motus ◽  
Dan Buriak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.7, First 30 Days: Organizing Rapid Response of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed inc included issues related to organizingrapid responses as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the created Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) issues; (2) key questions; and (3) recommendations.

Panel 2.5: Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Borra ◽  
Luis Jorge Perez ◽  
Tin Min ◽  
Wilai Puavilai ◽  
Norimasa Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.5, Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to mass-casualty management and hospital care as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: wing (1) key questions; (2) recommendations; and (3) conclusions. Subsections of the conclusion section include: (1) lessons learned; (2) what was done well?; and (3) what could have been done better?.

Session 1.2: National Health Perspectives of the Tsunami Crisis

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Khetrapal Singh ◽  
Roderico Ofrin ◽  
P. Ravindran ◽  
Idrus Paturussi ◽  
Ibrahim Yasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
National Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Session 1.2 of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related national health perspectives as pertaining to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) key questions; (2) discussion; (3) what was done well?; (4) what could have been done better?; and (5) what can be done to prepare for the future?.

Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from Delta State, Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma C Ojianwuna ◽  
Ahmed I Omotayo ◽  
Victor N Enwemiwe ◽  
Fouad A Adetoro ◽  
Destiny N Eyeboka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
World Health ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The development of insecticide resistance in different species of mosquitoes to Pyrethroids is a major challenge for vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Failure of Pyrethroids in control of mosquitoes would impact negatively on the gains recorded in control of mosquito-borne diseases in previous years. In anticipation of a country-wide deployment of Pyrethroid-treated nets for control of mosquito-borne diseases in Nigeria, this study assessed susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) to Pyrethroids in Owhelogbo, Ejeme and Oria-Abraka communities in Delta State, Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Three to five day old Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to Deltamethrin (0.05%), Permethrin (0.75%), and Alphacypermethrin (0.05%) using World Health Organization bioassay method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed in characterization of species and knockdown mutation. Results revealed that Cx. quinquefasciatus were generally susceptible (98-100%) to Deltamethrin, Permethrin, and Alphacypermethrin in the three communities with the exception of Owhelogbo where resistance to Deltamethrin (97%) was suspected. Knockdown time to Deltamethrin (11.51, 11.23, and 12.68 min), Permethrin (28.75, 13.26, and 14.49 min), and Alphacypermethrin (15.07, 12.50, and 13.03 min) were considerably low for Owhelogbo, Ejeme, and Oria-Abraka Cx. quinquefasciatus populations, respectively. Species identification result showed that all amplified samples were Cx. quinquefasciatus; however, no kdr allele was found in the three populations. Deployment of pyrethroid-treated nets for control of mosquito-borne diseases in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria is capable of reducing burden of diseases transmitted by Cx. quinquefasciatus as well as addressing nuisance value of the vector; however, caution must be entertained so as not to increase selection pressure thereby aiding resistance development.

Panel 2.14: Contribution of Non-Governmental Actors

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mario Luna ◽  
Rohit Malpani ◽  
Dawit Zawde ◽  
Nallathamby Canagarathnam ◽  
Saulina Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Needs Assessments ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Media And Communication ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.14, Contribution of Non-Governmental Actors, of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to the role of media and communication as pertaining to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in six sections: (1) Background; (2) Key questions; (3) Discussion; (4) What have we learned?; (5) Conclusions; and (6) Recommendations. The what have we learned section is presented in the categories of: (1) needs assessments; (2) coordination; (3) filling gaps; and (4) capacity building.

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