scholarly journals Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Mary A. Noffsinger ◽  
Kathleen Sherrieb ◽  
Fran H. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Terrorist Events ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractClinical work and research relative to child mental health during and following disaster are especially challenging due to the complex child maturational processes and family and social contexts of children's lives. The effects of disasters and terrorist events on children and adolescents necessitate diligent and responsible preparation and implementation of research endeavors. Disasters present numerous practical and methodological barriers that may influence the selection of participants, timing of assessments, and constructs being investigated. This article describes an efficient approach to guide both novice and experienced researchers as they prepare to conduct disaster research involving children. The approach is based on five fundamental research questions: “Why?, Who?, When?, What?, and How?” Addressing each of the “four Ws” will assist researchers in determining “How” to construct and implement a study from start to finish. A simple diagram of the five questions guides the reader through the components involved in studying children's reactions to disasters. The use of this approach is illustrated with examples from disaster mental health studies in children, thus simultaneously providing a review of the literature.PfefferbaumB, NoffsingerMA, SherriebK, FranH., NorrisFH.. Framework for research on children's reactions to disasters and terrorist events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-10.

scholarly journals Lake and River Restoration: Method, Evaluation and Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lyu ◽  
Lirong Song ◽  
Qiuwen Chen ◽  
Gang Pan
Keyword(s):  
River Restoration ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Restoration Strategies ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Selection Of

Eutrophication has become one of the major environmental issues of global concern due to the adverse effects on water quality, public health and ecosystem sustainability. Fundamental research on the restoration of eutrophic freshwaters, i.e., lakes and rivers, is crucial to support further evidence-based practical implementations. This Special Issue successfully brings together recent research findings from scientists in this field and assembles contributions on lake and river restoration. The 12 published papers can be classified into, and contribute to, three major aspects of this topic. Firstly, a background investigation into the migration of nutrients, and the characteristics of submerged biota, will guide and assist the understanding of the mechanisms of future restoration. Secondly, various restoration strategies, including control of both external and internal nutrients loading, are studied and evaluated. Thirdly, an evaluation of the field sites after restoration treatment is reported in order to support the selection of appropriate restoration approaches. This paper focuses on the current environmental issues related to lake and river restoration and has conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in order to emphasise the fast-growing attention being paid to the research topic. The research questions and main conclusions from all papers are summarised to focus the attention toward how the presented studies aid gains in scientific knowledge, engineering experience and support for policymakers.

Using Ethnographic Methods in the Selection of Post-Disaster, Mental Health Interventions

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bolton ◽  
Alice M. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis paper describes a short, ethnographic study approach for understanding how people from non-Western cultures think about mental health and mental health problems, and the rationale for using such an approach in designing and implementing mental health interventions during and after disasters. It describes how the resulting data can contribute to interventions that are more acceptable to local people, and therefore, more effective and sustainable through improved community support.

Guided Preparedness Planning with Lay Communities: Enhancing Capacity of Rural Emergency Response Through a Systems-Based Partnership

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.Lee McCabe ◽  
Charlene Perry ◽  
Melissa Azur ◽  
Henry G. Taylor ◽  
Howard Gwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Preparedness Planning

AbstractIntroductionCommunity disaster preparedness plans, particularly those with content that would mitigate the effects of psychological trauma on vulnerable rural populations, are often nonexistent or underdeveloped. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a model of disaster mental health preparedness planning involving a partnership among three, key stakeholders in the public health system.MethodsA one-group, post-test, quasi-experimental design was used to assess outcomes as a function of an intervention designated Guided Preparedness Planning (GPP). The setting was the eastern-, northern-, and mid-shore region of the state of Maryland. Partner participants were four local health departments (LHDs), 100 faith-based organizations (FBOs), and one academic health center (AHC)—the latter, collaborating entities of the Johns Hopkins University and the Johns Hopkins Health System. Individual participants were 178 community residents recruited from counties of the above-referenced geographic area. Effectiveness of GPP was based on post-intervention assessments of trainee knowledge, skills, and attitudes supportive of community disaster mental health planning. Inferences about the practicability (feasibility) of the model were drawn from pre-defined criteria for partner readiness, willingness, and ability to participate in the project. Additional aims of the study were to determine if LHD leaders would be willing and able to generate post-project strategies to perpetuate project-initiated government/faith planning alliances (sustainability), and to develop portable methods and materials to enhance model application and impact in other health jurisdictions (scalability).ResultsThe majority (95%) of the 178 lay citizens receiving the GPP intervention and submitting complete evaluations reported that planning-supportive objectives had been achieved. Moreover, all criteria for inferring model feasibility, sustainability, and scalability were met.ConclusionsWithin the span of a six-month period, LHDs, FBOs, and AHCs can work effectively to plan, implement, and evaluate what appears to be an effective, practical, and durable model of capacity building for public mental health emergency planning.McCabeOL, PerryC, AzurM, TaylorHG, GwonH, MosleyA, SemonN, LinksJM. Guided preparedness planning with lay communities: enhancing capacity of rural emergency response through a systems-based partnership. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;28(1):1-8.

scholarly journals Child Disaster Mental Health Interventions: Therapy Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Jennifer L. Sweeton ◽  
Pascal Nitiéma ◽  
Mary A. Noffsinger ◽  
Vandana Varma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
The Individual

AbstractChildren face innumerable challenges following exposure to disasters. To address trauma sequelae, researchers and clinicians have developed a variety of mental health interventions. While the overall effectiveness of multiple interventions has been examined, few studies have focused on the individual components of these interventions. As a preliminary step to advancing intervention development and research, this literature review identifies and describes nine common components that comprise child disaster mental health interventions. This review concluded that future research should clearly define the constituent components included in available interventions. This will require that future studies dismantle interventions to examine the effectiveness of specific components and identify common therapeutic elements. Issues related to populations studied (eg, disaster exposure, demographic and cultural influences) and to intervention delivery (eg, timing and optimal sequencing of components) also warrant attention.PfefferbaumB, SweetonJL, NitiémaP, NoffsingerMA, VarmaV, NelsonSD, NewmanE. Child disaster mental health interventions: therapy components. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-9.

A Useful Resource for Disaster Mental Health

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
Gerard A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Disaster Mental Health
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