scholarly journals Analyzing the Ethical Implications of Research Using Leaked Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509
Author(s):  
Anne E. Boustead ◽  
Trey Herr
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Data Breach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTAlthough information made public after a data breach can provide insight into difficult research questions, use of these data raises ethical questions not directly addressed by current ethical guidelines. This article develops a framework for identifying and managing risks to human subjects when conducting research involving leaked data. We contend that researchers who seek to use leaked data should identify and address ethical challenges by considering the process through which the data were originally released into the public domain.

scholarly journals Harm, change and unpredictability: the ethics of interviews in conflict research

2020 ◽  
pp. 146879412097565
Author(s):  
Denisa Kostovicova ◽  
Eleanor Knott
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conducting Research

Conceiving of interviews as relationships of knowledge creation involving a researcher and a research participant, we engage with the ethical implications of the unpredictabilities of this relationship when conducting research in conflict and post-conflict contexts. Through a conservative application of the precautionary principle that prohibits change of all involved in the research process, presuming change (always) implies harm, scholars to date have overlooked the ethical challenges that stem from the unpredictability of the interview method. In turn, this perspective has limited our ability to capture and mitigate possible forms of harm, undermining the legitimacy and appropriateness of existing ethical guidelines. We argue for a deliberative and iterative approach to understandings of harm and harm thresholds in interview research. This argument draws on recent debates on the precautionary principle in natural sciences, which address the unpredictabilities of research, allowing us to think about change in ways that is ethical.

scholarly journals Ethical implications of procedural or protocol adjustments to clinical research involving the participation of human subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Anetta Jedličková
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Professionals ◽  
Trial Participants

Abstract The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to essential adjustments in clinical research involving human subjects. The pandemic is substantially affecting most procedures of ongoing, as well as new clinical trials related to diseases other than COVID-19. Procedural changes and study protocol modifications may significantly impact ethically salient fundamentals, such as the risk-benefit profile and safety of clinical trial participants, which raise key ethical challenges the subject-matter experts must face. This article aims to acquaint a wide audience of clinical research professionals, ethicists, as well as the general public interested in this topic with the legal, ethical and practical considerations in the field of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic and to support the clinical researchers and study sponsors to fulfil their responsibilities in conducting clinical trials in a professional way that does not conflict with any legal or ethical obligations.

Shaping Digital Democracy in the United States

2014 ◽  
pp. 213-231
Author(s):  
Rachel Baarda ◽  
Rocci Luppicini
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Public Sphere

Ethical challenges that technology poses to the different spheres of society are a core focus within the field of technoethics. Over the last few years, scholars have begun to explore the ethical implications of new digital technologies and social media, particularly in the realms of society and politics. A qualitative case study was conducted on Barack Obama's campaign social networking site, my.barackobama.com, in order to investigate the ways in which the website uses or misuses digital technology to create a healthy participatory democracy. For an analysis of ethical and non-ethical ways to promote participatory democracy online, the study included theoretical perspectives such as the role of the public sphere in a participatory democracy and the effects of political marketing on the public sphere. The case study included a content analysis of the website and interviews with members of groups on the site. The study's results are explored in this chapter.

scholarly journals When is a journalist not a journalist? Negotiating a new form of advocacy journalism within the environmental movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Vine
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Advocacy Journalism ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Contemporary Context

Commentary: A New Zealand broadcast journalist of 25 years’ experience comes under fire from former colleagues after joining the environmental campaigning organisation Greenpeace. The ensuing criticism provides insight into how the mainstream media views itself and how sensitive it might be to any perceived threat to its credibility. It opens up an argument about what constitutes a ‘journalist’ in a contemporary context.  A troubling epoch for journalists facing tight newsroom budgets, news trivialisation, fragmented media spheres and dwindling public confidence in the profession. This commentary examines the argument for new terminology to describe the kind of investigative journalism which might be practised within non-government organisations (NGOs) for a mainly digital audience. It also challenges views on objectivity and bias, positing whether advocacy journalism with strict ethical guidelines produced from within an organisation with a known agenda, may serve the public interest more ably than a fragmented mainstream journalism compromised by less obvious biases.

scholarly journals Literature Review and Thermodynamic Modelling of Roasting Processes for Lithium Extraction from Spodumene

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Allen Yushark Fosu ◽  
Ndue Kanari ◽  
James Vaughan ◽  
Alexandre Chagnes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Chemical Thermodynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hsc Chemistry ◽  
Insight Into

This review adds to the public domain literature on the extraction of lithium from mineral ores. The focus is on the pyrometallurgical pre-treatment of spodumene. Information on the phase transformation from α to β, the heat treatment methods as well as the behavior of various compounds in the roasting processes are evaluated. Insight into the chemical thermodynamics of the baking process is evaluated using HSC Chemistry software up to 1200 °C. It was observed that the alkaline, sulfation, chlorination (using Cl2 and CaCl2), carbonizing (to form Li2CO3) and fluorination processes were feasible either throughout or at a point within the temperature range considered. Chlorination using KCl and carbonizing to form Li2O are the processes found to be nonspontaneous throughout the temperatures considered.

Engineering and Environmental Technoethics

2010 ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
Luppicini Rocci
Keyword(s):  
Computer Navigation ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Computer Networking ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Public Reaction

This chapter traces the development of Engineering Ethics, Computer Ethics, and Environmental Technoethics. It also covers the topic of military technoethics as an important new development that deserves special attention. The story begins in the late 19th century with the development of various engineering professional bodies to ensure that engineers were responsible for potentially harmful constructions. This in turn, gave rise to the creation of codes of engineering ethics to help guide professional conduct. As the public demand for engineering increased throughout the 20th century, so did the ethical implications and demand for codes of engineering ethics. In the 1950s and 1960s, the continued expansion of industrial growth lead also to a number of human caused environmental disasters ranging from oil spills to nuclear explosions to the release of toxic chemicals into the air and water supply. This brought on a public reaction among environmental organizations and increased public attention to ethical implications of technology and the environment. These developments helped nurture in studies in environmental technoethics and the ethical concern over human involvement in technology related environmental change. Also in the 1950s and 1960s, the public use of mainframe computers, promising outlook for computer networking, and scholarly interest in systems research raised additional interest concerning the ethical implications connected to computer innovation in society. This chapter provides a review of background developments, challenges, and current directions in each of these areas. It uses examples to illustrate the potency of technology in reference to key areas (i.e., access equity, software design, computer navigation systems, construction, mining, and other areas of technology use and misuse). It concludes with insider interviews from leading experts working in the field and recommendations on how to use technoethical inquiry to leverage the ethical use of science and technology in areas where technological innovation has created ethical challenges and dilemmas.

The Use and Abuse of Digital Democracy

2014 ◽  
pp. 1663-1682
Author(s):  
Rachel Baarda ◽  
Rocci Luppicini
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Public Sphere

The field of technoethics explores the ethical challenges that technology poses to the different spheres of society. Recently, scholars have begun to explore the ethical implications of new digital technologies and social media, particularly in the realms of society and politics. A qualitative case study was conducted on Barack Obama's campaign social networking site, mybarackobama.com, in order to investigate the ways in which the website uses or misuses digital technology to create a healthy participatory democracy. For an analysis of ethical and non-ethical ways to promote participatory democracy online, the study included theoretical perspectives such as the role of the public sphere in a participatory democracy and the effects of political marketing on the public sphere. The case study included a content analysis of the website and interviews with members of groups on the site. The study's results can be found further in the article.

Guidelines for Ethical Use of Manual Restraint in Public School Settings for Behaviorally Disordered Students

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Schloss ◽  
Maureen A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public School ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Behaviorally Disordered ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

Practitioners have at their disposal many empirically validated strategies for managing aggressive behavior. In addition, the legal and ethical implications of these techniques have received considerable professional attention. An exception to this is the use of manual restraint. Data suggest the use of this procedure is common in public school settings; however, a comprehensive discussion of its legal and ethical implications has yet to emerge. The purpose of this paper is to review the advantages and disadvantages associated with manual restraint and to present procedural and ethical guidelines governing its use in the public schools.

The Use and Abuse of Digital Democracy

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Baarda ◽  
Rocci Luppicini
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Public Sphere

The field of technoethics explores the ethical challenges that technology poses to the different spheres of society. Recently, scholars have begun to explore the ethical implications of new digital technologies and social media, particularly in the realms of society and politics. A qualitative case study was conducted on Barack Obama’s campaign social networking site, my.barackobama.com, in order to investigate the ways in which the website uses or misuses digital technology to create a healthy participatory democracy. For an analysis of ethical and non-ethical ways to promote participatory democracy online, the study included theoretical perspectives such as the role of the public sphere in a participatory democracy and the effects of political marketing on the public sphere. The case study included a content analysis of the website and interviews with members of groups on the site. The study’s results can be found further in the article.

scholarly journals Conducting research about sensitive subjects: The case of homeless youth

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Helena Koller ◽  
Marcela Raffaelli ◽  
Gustavo Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Street Youth ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Conducting Research

There is growing interest and importance in addressing the logistical and ethical challenges of conducting research with disenfranchised populations, including homeless and working street youth. Drawing upon established international standards on human rights, we review legal and ethical codes for research on disenfranchised populations established by national and international research and professional organizations. Then we explore how university-based researchers can apply these standards to children and adolescents growing up in situations characterized by physical and psychological neglect, lack of adult supervision, limited protection from local law enforcement, and drug use and violence. We reflect upon on our experiences in conducting research with vulnerable Brazilian youth to illustrate the challenges of implementing ethical guidelines in real-world situations and propose possible solutions to ethical dilemmas encountered in the field.

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