The Epidemiology of Adult ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S12) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

Until recently, little was known about the epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Bottom-up studies following children with ADHD into adolescence had shown variable rates of persistence, some of which depended on the definitions used. The traditional diagnosis was complicated by the introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, which stated that ADHD could be diagnosed with inattentive symptoms alone. This resulted in diagnostic inconsistency as earlier investigations demanded the presence of hyperactivity while others did not. Diagnosis also depended on the site, the cohort, whether interviews versus rating scales were employed, and whether the subject or their parent were the source of information.

scholarly journals Increasing Diagnostic Emphasis on Negative Affective Dysfunction: Potentially Negative Consequences for Psychiatric Classification and Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Maladaptive experiences of negative mood states and difficulties regulating them, collectively referred to here as “negative affective dysfunction,” are linked robustly to many disorders. Despite negative affective dysfunction being a non-specific psychopathology feature, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) introduced new (a) disorders and (b) features to existing disorders intended to capture manifestations of negative affective dysfunction. This theoretical article highlights why these additions may exacerbate issues concerning disorder overlap and differential diagnosis. Specific examples are provided to support this viewpoint, including potential consequences of emphasizing negative affective dysfunction within the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria. Although researchers likely will continue to disagree about how to best classify negative affective dysfunction (e.g., using dimensions versus categories), it is argued that we can reach common ground as a field by recognizing that caution is needed when proposing new DSM additions to capture non-specific psychopathology features.

scholarly journals Omnidirectional robot for the diagnosis of the attention deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Richard Camilo Bravo Angarita ◽  
Ivan Fernando Vargas Ochoa ◽  
Cesar Augusto Peña Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design For Children

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) occurs in 16% of the Colombian student population and estimates that between 30-70% of these children continue to show symptoms in adulthood. Thus, a tool is proposed for the professional to support his diagnosis according to the criteria offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS). An omnidirectional platform is implemented, striking for its design, for children, adolescents and that becomes a concentration challenge for adults.With an Electroencephalography (EEG) helmet a brain wave reading is made; with the help of a Computer Brain Interface (BCI) you can have the reading of facial gestures, having said reading is implemented to control the omnidirectional platform, with the same BCI you also have the reading of concentration, stress, excitation, etc. of individuals; Thus, the professional in the area can support his diagnosis according to several factors, such as: EEG interpretation, emotional data (concentration, stress, excitement ...), and the observation of the individual. The evaluation of the patient makes the health professional, generating some challenges to overcome the platform and interpreting the different data according to their professional criteria.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in ancient Greece: The Obtuse Man of Theophrastus

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
Marcelo M Victor ◽  
Bruna S da Silva ◽  
Djenifer B Kappel ◽  
Claiton HD Bau ◽  
Eugenio H Grevet
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

We present an ancient Greek description written by the philosopher Theophrastus in his classic book ‘ Characters’ comparable with modern attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The arguments are based in one chapter of this book—The Obtuse Man—presenting features of a character closely resembling the modern description of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In a free comparative exercise, we compared Theophrastus descriptions with modern Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The sentences describing The Obtuse Man written by Theophrastus are similar to several symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and he would probably be currently diagnosed with this disorder as an adult. To our knowledge, this is the oldest description compatible with the current conception of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults in the Western literature. Differently than the moralistic view of ancient Greece regarding those symptoms, the medical attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder conception may be advantageous to patients since it might reduce prejudice and allow individuals to seek treatment.

scholarly journals Development and verification of internal structure of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatha Tiago BACCIOTTI ◽  
Lucas de Francisco CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory, a self-report instrument for assessing symptoms as well as to verify the internal structure of the instrument. Based on the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic criteria, the Screening Inventory was developed and administered. The participants were 421 individuals divided into two groups, with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis. The instrument items were analyzed and validated for content by a panel of expert judges. It was found that the instrument structure is composed of two factors, namely, Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). In general, the observed data provided validity evidence based on content and internal structure of the instrument, which complies with the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, proving to be a favorable instrument for the investigation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Adults.

scholarly journals Psychopathologic Profiles and Clusters in Tertiary Clinic Referred Patients with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Person-Centered Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Yunhye Oh ◽  
Hyewon Park ◽  
Seonwoo Kim ◽  
Hye Seung Kim ◽  
Yoo-Sook Joung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Cluster 2

Objective Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a heterogeneous clinical presentation with patients showing very frequent emotional problems. In the present study, patients with adult ADHD were subtyped based on their psychopathology using a person-centered approach.Methods In the present chart review study, detailed findings of psychological evaluation conducted as part of routine care were utilized. A total of 77 subjects with adult ADHD were included in the analysis. Detailed ADHD symptoms, psychiatric comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnoses, and severity of mood and anxiety symptoms were evaluated in the person-centered analysis.Results Three clusters were generated using clustering analysis. DSM comorbid conditions did not significantly impact the clustering. Cluster 1 consisted of ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) with less mood symptoms, cluster 2 of ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation and cluster 3 of ADHD-C with significant mood symptoms. Patients in cluster 3 had adulthood functional impairment more frequently compared with patients in cluster 1. Patients in cluster 3 showed recurrent thoughts of death and suicidal ideation more frequently compared with patients in cluster 1.Conclusion Further studies are needed to confirm the relationships observed in the present study.

scholarly journals Reaction time assessment in children with ADHD

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Bolfer ◽  
Erasmo Barbante Casella ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Chrysóstomo Baldo ◽  
Amanda Manzini Mota ◽  
Miriam Harumi Tsunemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Attentional System ◽  
Normal Controls

Attention deficit, impulsivity and hyperactivity are the cardinal features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but executive function (EF) disorders, as problems with inhibitory control, working memory and reaction time, besides others EFs, may underlie many of the disturbs associated with the disorder. OBJECTIVE: To examine the reaction time in a computerized test in children with ADHD and normal controls. METHOD: Twenty-three boys (aged 9 to 12) with ADHD diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, 2000 (DSM-IV) criteria clinical, without comorbidities, Intelligence Quotient (IQ) >89, never treated with stimulant and fifteen normal controls, age matched were investigated during performance on a voluntary attention psychophysical test. RESULTS: Children with ADHD showed reaction time higher than normal controls. CONCLUSION: A slower reaction time occurred in our patients with ADHD. This findings may be related to problems with the attentional system, that could not maintain an adequate capacity of perceptual input processes and/or in motor output processes, to respond consistently during continuous or repetitive activity.

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