Does Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Belong Within the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum?

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that certainDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth EditionAxis I disorders share overlapping clinical features, genetic contributions, and treatment response and fall within an “obsessive-compulsive” spectrum. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) resembles obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and other spectrum disorders in terms of phenomenology, comorbidity, neurocognition, and treatment response.This article critically examines the nosological profile of OCPD with special reference to OCD and related disorders. By viewing OCPD as a candidate member of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, we gain a fresh approach to understanding its neurobiology, etiology, and potential treatments.

Download Full-text

Pattern of Comorbidity Among Anxious and Odd Personality Disorders: The Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900021623 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 23-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alessandro Rossi ◽

Maria Grazia Marinangeli ◽

Giancarlo Butti ◽

Artemis Kalyvoka ◽

Concetta Petruzzi

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Cluster A ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the pattern of comorbidity among obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and other personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 400 psychiatric inpatients. PDs were assessed using the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine significant comorbidity among OCPD and other axis II disorders. The most elevated odds ratios were found for the cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A PDs (the “odd” PDs, or paranoid and schizoid PDs). These results are consistent with those of previous studies showing a higher cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A than with cluster C (“anxious”) PDs. In light of these observations, issues associated with the nosologic status of OCPD within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders clustering system remain unsettled.

Download Full-text

Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0027 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Mataix-Cols ◽

Odile A. van den Heuvel

Keyword(s):

Neural Systems ◽

Future Research ◽

Affective Neuroscience ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Psychiatric Conditions ◽

Spectrum Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares features and often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, as well as with other psychiatric conditions classified elsewhere in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the so-called “OCD spectrum disorders.” Neurobiologically, it is unclear how all these disorders relate to one another. The picture is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of OCD. This chapter will review the literature on the common and distinct neural correlates of OCD vis-à-vis other anxiety and “OCD spectrum” disorders. Furthermore, the question of whether partially distinct neural systems subserve the different symptom dimensions of OCD will be examined. Particular attention will be paid to hoarding, which is emerging as a distinct entity from OCD. Finally, new insights from cognitive and affective neuroscience will be reviewed before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders

Managing Substance Use Disorder ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.003.0016 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 143-160

Author(s):

Dennis C. Daley ◽

Antoine Douaihy

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Concerned Significant Others

Co-occurring disorders (CODs) refers to the occurrence of both a substance use disorder (SUD) and a psychiatric disorder, such as mood disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. This chapter reviews the prevalence, patterns, and effects of CODs. Next, the relationships between psychiatric disorders and SUDs, challenges for practitioners, and types and causes of psychiatric disorders are discussed. The chapter continues with the process of conducting a comprehensive and thorough assessment using the format of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The authors also discuss the importance of conveying assessment findings to the client and/or family and concerned significant others, as well as getting the client to accept help.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Psychotic Disorders in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900020381 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 415-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lieuwe de Haan ◽

Christine Dudek-Hodge ◽

Yolanda Verhoeven ◽

Damiaan Denys

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Clinical Characteristic

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders has been increasingly recognized. However, the rate of psychosis comorbidity in OCD patients has yet to be systematically evaluated.Methods: The prevalence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition psychotic disorders was evaluated in 757 subjects consecutively referred to a specialised diagnostic and treatment facility for OCD. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed.Results: Thirteen OCD patients (1.7%) also met the DSM-IV criteria for a psychotic disorder. We found no significant differences in clinical characteristic between OCD patients with and without a psychotic disorder, although patients with OCD and a psychotic disorder more likely used illicit substances and more likely were male.Conclusion: Relatively few patients referred to a specialized treatment OCD center suffer from a psychotic disorder.

Download Full-text

Obsessive compulsive Personality Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Traits in the Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Clinic

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1959 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S135-S136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Gadelkarim ◽

S. Shahper ◽

J. Reid ◽

M. Wikramanayake ◽

S. Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

World Health ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder ◽

The Impact

IntroductionObsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is a common, highly co-morbid disorder. Subjected to comparatively little research, OCPD shares aspects of phenomenology and neuropsychology with obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A greater understanding of this interrelationship would provide new insights into its diagnostic classification and generate new research and treatment heuristics.AimsTo investigate the distribution of OCPD traits within a cohort of OCD patients. To evaluate the clinical overlap between traits of OCPD, OCD and ASD, as well as level of insight and treatment resistance.MethodWe interviewed 73 consenting patients from a treatment seeking OCD Specialist Service. We evaluated the severity of OCPD traits (Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale; CPAS), OCD symptoms (Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; Y-BOCS), ASD traits (Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ) and insight (Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale; BABS).ResultsOut of 67 patients, 24 (36%) met DSM-IV criteria for OCPD, defined using the CPAS. Using Pearson's test, CPAS scores significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with total AQ and selected AQ domains but not with BABS. Borderline significant correlation was observed with Y-BOCS (P = 0.07). OCPD was not over-represented in a highly resistant OCD subgroup.ConclusionDisabling OCPD traits are common in the OCD clinic. They strongly associate with ASD traits, less strongly with OCD severity and do not appear related to poor insight or highly treatment-resistant OCD. The impact of OCPD on OCD treatment outcomes requires further research.Disclosure of interestThis work did not receive funding from external sources. Over the past few years, Dr. Fineberg has received financial support in various forms from the following: Shire, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Glaxo-SmithKline, Servier, Cephalon, Astra Zeneca, Jazz pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Wellcome Foundation, European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, UK College of Mental Health Pharmacists, British Association for Psychopharmacology, International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, International Society for Behavioural Addiction, World Health Organization, Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Download Full-text

Structure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Criteria for Obsessive—Compulsive Personality Disorder in Patients with Binge Eating Disorder

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370805301212 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 863-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Emily B Ansell ◽

Anthony Pinto ◽

Maria Orlando Edelen ◽

Carlos M Grilo

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Factor Model ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Objective: To examine 1–, 2–, and 3-factor model structures through confirmatory analytic procedures for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) criteria in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Method: Participants were consecutive outpatients ( n = 263) with binge eating disorder and were assessed with semi-structured interviews. The 8 OCPD criteria were submitted to confirmatory factor analyses in Mplus Version 4.2 (Los Angeles, CA) in which previously identified factor models of OCPD were compared for fit, theoretical relevance, and parsimony. Nested models were compared for significant improvements in model fit. Results: Evaluation of indices of fit in combination with theoretical considerations suggest a multifactorial model is a significant improvement in fit over the current DSM-IV single-factor model of OCPD. Though the data support both 2-and 3-factor models, the 3-factor model is hindered by an underspecified third factor. Conclusion: A multifactorial model of OCPD incorporating the factors perfectionism and rigidity represents the best compromise of fit and theory in modelling the structure of OCPD in patients with BED. A third factor representing miserliness may be relevant in BED populations but needs further development. The perfectionism and rigidity factors may represent distinct intrapersonal and interpersonal attempts at control and may have implications for the assessment of OCPD.

Download Full-text

Insight in Body Dysmorphic Disorder with and Without Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s109285290001350x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 494-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Donatella Marazziti ◽

Daniele Giannotti ◽

Mario Catena ◽

Marina Carlini ◽

Bernardo Dell'Osso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Low Degree ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

And Control

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to compare the level of insight in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) with and without comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and to measure its possible relationships with clinical features.Methods: Thirty outpatients affected by BDD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition criteria, of whom 18 were also suffering from OCD, were included in the study. Clinical assessment was carried out by means of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD and a specially designed OCD Questionnaire. The level of insight was measured by means of the score at item 11 of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD.Results: The insight resulted to be excellent in four cases, good in four, fair in five, poor in 15 and absent in two. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the level of insight and the following items: resistance to thoughts and to activities as well as to time spent on activities and control on activities related to the defect. The insight was significantly lower in patients affected by both BDD and OCD.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the majority of BDD patients in this study, and especially those with comorbid OCD, have a low degree of insight that is significantly correlated to symptoms specific of the disorder.

Download Full-text