Fingerprints and the Diagnosis of Zygosity in Twins

1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Parisi ◽  
M. Di Bacco
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Level ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Random Variability ◽  
Working Out

SummaryA twin study was undertaken with the twofold aim (a) of studying the hereditary behaviour of digital dermatoglyphic traits both at the qualitative and quantitative level, and (b) of working out a method for discriminating MZ and DZ twins by means of fingerprints.Fingerprints of 50 MZ (25 ♂ and 25 ♀) and 50 DZ (25 ♂ and 25 ♀) twin pairs were thus examined and analyzed by means of a special methodology and of a 7044/K32 IBM computer.The qualitative analysis has shown a significantly higher concordance in MZ than in DZ twin pairs, with a certain variability of single finger concordance values. The quantitative analysis has shown significantly higher correlation values in MZ than in DZ twin pairs, with very limited confidence intervals in the former. Single ridge counts apparently behave as cumulative counts on the five or ten fingers, although with an obviously higher random variability.Digital dermatoglyphics thus appear to show practically complete genetic conditioning, which, rather than at a cumulative level for the ten fingers, as is largely believed, appears to act on single finger quali-quantitative traits. The total finger ridge count, rather than a trait, only appears to be a useful, but artificial cumulative value. Actually, applied to the diagnosis of zygosity, it provides, by itself, a fairly high, general probability (0.86) of a correct diagnosis.

Validity of the Zygosity Questionnaire and Characteristics of Zygosity-Misdiagnosed Twin Pairs in the Healthy Twin Study of Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
Dong-Hun Lee ◽  
Mi Kyoung Lee ◽  
Kayoung Lee ◽  
Hee Jung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Genotype Information ◽  
Zygosity Questionnaire ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat Markers ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
Short Tandem

AbstractDetermining valid zygosity is a basic and important requirement in a twin study, because misdiagnosing zygosity leads to biased results. The Healthy Twin Study has collected data from adult like-sex twins and their families since 2005. In the study, a questionnaire to determine zygosity was developed comprising four questions; one concerning the degree of resemblance, and three concerning the degree of confusion by the resemblance. Among 2,761 individuals (624 twin pairs) of twin and their families, 406 pairs of twins (mean age 38.3, 63.5% women) with both questionnaire and genotype information were selected to examine the validity of the zygosity questionnaire using 16 short tandem repeat markers. We first determined individual zygosity including undetermined category, and then decided the zygosity of a twin pair using a decision tree. Sensitivity of questionnaire diagnosis was 98.8% for monozygotic (MZ) and 88.9% for dizygotic (DZ) twins, and positive predictive value was 97.2% for MZ and 95.0% for DZ. When we compared correctly and wrongly diagnosed twin pairs, misdiagnosed DZ twins (nine pairs) showed striking similarity in stature or obesity even exceeding that of true MZ twins. Our finding suggests that a parsimonious questionnaire method of diagnosing the zygosity will be useful, and adding physical or physiological measurements to a questionnaire of zygosity diagnosis will either confound the correct diagnosis or reduce the efficiency of the study compared with using questionnaire alone or with introducing genotyping.

NMD-Based Gene Regulation—A Strategy for Fitness Enhancement in Plants?

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1953-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misato Ohtani ◽  
Andreas Wachter
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Rna Quality ◽  
Quantitative Level ◽  
Splicing Variants ◽  
Rna Quality Control ◽  
Nonsense Mediated Mrna Decay ◽  
Environmental Responses

Abstract Post-transcriptional RNA quality control is a vital issue for all eukaryotes to secure accurate gene expression, both on a qualitative and quantitative level. Among the different mechanisms, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an essential surveillance system that triggers degradation of both aberrant and physiological transcripts. By targeting a substantial fraction of all transcripts for degradation, including many alternative splicing variants, NMD has a major impact on shaping transcriptomes. Recent progress on the transcriptome-wide profiling and physiological analyses of NMD-deficient plant mutants revealed crucial roles for NMD in gene regulation and environmental responses. In this review, we will briefly summarize our current knowledge of the recognition and degradation of NMD targets, followed by an account of NMD’s regulation and physiological functions. We will specifically discuss plant-specific aspects of RNA quality control and its functional contribution to the fitness and environmental responses of plants.

Character of inheritance of economic markings in flax

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Drozd ◽  
Yevhen Zaika ◽  
T Pyvovar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Actual Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

In the first and second generation of hybrids revealed different character of inheritance of basic qualitative and quantitative traits – dominance, heterosis, over-domination and intermediate inheritance, which allows to assume high efficiency of individual selections in the following generations, with the selection of transgressive forms. The actual ratio of distribution groups in F2 hybrids and the genetic control of these traits in parental forms by weight of 1000 seeds were determined. The source material and the perspective hybrid combinations in the breeding nursery were studied and the perspective numbers were distinguished according to the complex of features.

Gene effects of Cicer reticulatum on qualitative and quantitative traits in the cultivated chickpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Adak ◽  
Duygu Sari ◽  
Hatice Sari ◽  
Cengiz Toker
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cicer Reticulatum
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