The results of the experimental development of a stand for shelling of industrial hemp seeds

One of the promising directions for the use of industrial hemp seeds is the production of shelled seeds. The core of hemp seeds released from the inedible shell, as a standalone product, contains no digestible components, so it is a more valuable food product than the hemp seeds covered in the shell. The lack of technological equipment for destroying industrial hemp seeds impedes the development of this processing sector and makes research relevant in this area relevant. The effectiveness of oilseed crop destruction depends on the morphological and physico-mechanical properties of the directly treated seed. Finding the best method of destroying the seeds of industrial hemp is impossible without comparing the results of the efficiency of work of different means of operation of technical means. In the process of finding an effective method of collapse by the staff of the Engineering Research Department of the Institute of bast crops NAAS, among other things, the possibility of the collapse of hemp seeds by the method of repeated and single impact was explored. The principal possibility of shelling hemp seeds with the use of a machine type, where the multiple impact method is implemented, has been established. It is determined that this mechanism has several disadvantages. Excessive airflow is formed in the working chamber, which impedes the shelling process and affects the complexity of the structure. As the impeller rotates, the mechanism begins to act as a shredder: there is a significant increase in the fraction of ground seeds, that is, the seeds turn into oil dust. The basic possibility of demolition of hemp seeds by the method of focused single blow (centrifugal machines) is established. It is determined that this mechanism has several advantages, which simplifies the overall construction and principle of operation and is more promising for the sowing of hemp seeds. As a result, the design of a centrifugal stand for the shelling of hemp seeds was developed, the use of which allows to obtain 15.4% of the finished shelled kernel.

The new device for determination of fiber content in individual plants of fiber flax

The article describes the design of the device for determining the fiber content in individual plants of flax, which is a special torsion scales of the new design. The principle of operation of the device is based on the transformation of the free end of the cantilever-mounted flat spring, to which the object of suspension is suspended, in the rotation of a mirror that reflects the laser diode beam on the scale. The device can be used in fibe flax breeding.

Scientific achievements of All-union Research Institute of Bast Crops employees in the field of hemp (1944 -1991)

The article, which is based on the archival documents of the Departmental Archive of the Institute of Bast Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, examines the research activities of the Institute in 1944 - 1991 of the twentieth century in the field of hemp. It was during this period that the newly established scientific institution was able to fully resume its work after World War II and achieve success in the field of breeding, cultivation, processing and harvesting of hemp. During this period, new high-yielding varieties of hemp were bred that did not contain narcotic compounds, the mechanized process of growing and processing industrial and seed crops, as well as the process of primary processing of stems.

Prospective initial material of hemp for selection

At the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, a national hemp genetic collection was created, which includes 504 varietal samples of various geographical types. Donors, sources, and promising source material for breeding practice, as well as standard samples for creating feature and working collections, have been identified. In 2019, an indicative collection with a high content of non-psychotropic cannabinoids was formed and transferred to the National Center for Genetic Resources.

NAAS 20 research program "Bast Crops": main results of 2019

The scientific achievements of the executors of the program for scientific support of the branches of flax growing and hemp growing are highlighted, the current state of scientific researches in the field of breeding, technologies of cultivation, harvesting and processing of industrial hemp and fiber flax is shown.

The effects of abiotic factors on the productivity of converse growing of hemp

The rational use of agro-resources is determined by the optimal interplay of physico-chemical, biological processes in the soil, agrotechnical techniques of hemp growing and agrometeorological factors. The optimum system of nutrition at which high productivity of culture at change of agrometeorological conditions is determined.

Relationship between oil content and quantitative characteristics of hemp seeds

The results of studies of new hemp varieties are presented on the basis of the dependence of the oil content on the mass of seeds, the kernel (germ), the shell and the ratio of the kernel and shell, on the change in the sorting regime and fractional seeds (large, medium, small), fatty acid composition of the seeds of varieties with high oil content.

Immunological monitoring of different groups of maturity of fiber flax varieties in conditions of the North-Eastern Polissy of Ukraine

The influence of the duration of the vegetative period of samples of fiber flax on the degree of their defeat by Fusarium was studied. It has been established that the increase in the length of the growing season in fiber flax varieties is accompanied by an increase in the degree of Fusarium infection.

Modification of a nutrition for the cultivation of non-psychotropic hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) central european ecological-geographical type in vitro

To improve the efficiency of cultivation of monoecious non-psychotropic hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) of Central European ecological-geographical type in vitro, the Murashige and Skoog medium was proposed, which includes 440 mg/l (3 mM) CaCl2 · 2H2O, 370 mg/l (1, 5 mM) MgSO4 · 7H2O, 22,3 mg/l (100 mM) MnSO4 · 4H2O, 8,6 mg/l (30 mM) ZnSO4 · 4H2O, 0,83 mg/l (5 mM) KJ, 0,25 mg/l (1 mkM) Na2MoO4 · 2H2O, 2 mg/l glycine, 100 mg/l meso-inositol, 0,5 mg/l pyridoxine, 0,1 mg/l thiamine, as well as NH4NO3, KNO3, KH2PO4, FeSO4 · 7H2O, complexed (chelated) EDTA-Na2, H3BO3, CuSO4 · 5H2O, CoCl2 · 6H2O, nicotinic acid, sucrose, agar, phytohormones, if necessary, modify as follows: 2400 mg/l (30 mM) NH4NO3, 1768 mg/l (17,5 mM) KNO3, 136 mg/l (1 mM) KH2PO4, 34,72 mg/l (125 mM) FeSO4 · 7H2O, complexed (chelated) EDTA-Na2, 12,36 mg/l (200 mkM) H3VO3, complexed (chelated) C3H5(OH)3, 0,05 mg/l (0,2 mkM) CuSO4 · 5H2O, 0,05 mg/l (0,2 mkM) CoCl2 · 6H2O, 5 mg/l ascorbic acid, 1 g/l activated carbon, 10–30 g/l glucose, 8 g/l agar.

The methodological aspects of studying of the resistance of fiber flax varieties to fusariosis

A comparative assessment of the resistance of varieties of fiber flax to fusarium in natural and artificial provocative nursery conditions. As a result of the conducted studies, it was concluded that the selection of fiber flax breeding material for resistance to fusariosis in natural conditions is inappropriate. Selection and evaluation of fiber flax breeding material for Fusarium should be carried out in the harsh conditions of an artificial infectious background, with the necessary additional source of infection.