Cognitive and neurobehavioral functioning after mild versus moderate traumatic brain injury in older adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICIA C. GOLDSTEIN ◽  
HARVEY S. LEVIN ◽  
WILLIAM P. GOLDMAN ◽  
ALLISON N. CLARK ◽  
TRACY KENEHAN ALTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes

This study evaluated the early cognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes of older adults with mild versus moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thirty-five patients who were age 50 years and older and sustained mild or moderate TBI were prospectively recruited from acute care hospitals. Patients were administered cognitive and neurobehavioral measures up to 2 months post-injury. Demographically comparable control participants received the same measures. Patients and controls did not have previous histories of substance abuse, neuropsychiatric disturbance, dementia, or neurologic illness. Moderate TBI patients performed significantly poorer than mild TBI patients and controls on most cognitive measures, whereas the mild patients performed comparably to controls. In contrast, both mild and moderate patients exhibited significantly greater depression and anxiety/somatic concern than controls. The results indicate that the classification of TBI as mild versus moderate is prognostically meaningful as applied to older adults. The findings extend previous investigations in young adults by demonstrating a relatively good cognitive outcome on objective measures, but subjective complaints after a single, uncomplicated mild TBI in older persons. (JINS, 2001, 7, 373–383.)

Blood Biomarkers Relate to Cognitive Performance Years after Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members and Veterans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sara M. Lippa ◽  
Jessica Gill ◽  
Tracey A. Brickell ◽  
Louis M. French ◽  
Rael T. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective: This study examines the relationship of serum total tau, neurofilament light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with neurocognitive performance in service members and veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Service members (n = 488) with a history of uncomplicated mild (n = 172), complicated mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI (sTBI; n = 126), injured controls (n = 116), and non-injured controls (n = 74) prospectively enrolled from Military Treatment Facilities. Participants completed a blood draw and neuropsychological assessment a year or more post-injury. Six neuropsychological composite scores and presence/absence of mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) were evaluated. Within each group, stepwise hierarchical regression models were conducted. Results: Within the sTBI group, increased serum UCH-L1 was related to worse immediate memory and delayed memory (R2Δ = .065–.084, ps < .05) performance, while increased GFAP was related to worse perceptual reasoning (R2Δ = .030, p = .036). Unexpectedly, within injured controls, UCH-L1 and GFAP were inversely related to working memory (R2Δ = .052–.071, ps < .05), and NFL was related to executive functioning (R2Δ = .039, p = .021) and MNCD (Exp(B) = 1.119, p = .029). Conclusions: Results suggest GFAP and UCH-L1 could play a role in predicting poor cognitive outcome following complicated mild and more severe TBI. Further investigation of blood biomarkers and cognition is warranted.

scholarly journals 3,6′-Dithiopomalidomide Ameliorates Hippocampal Neurodegeneration, Microgliosis and Astrogliosis and Improves Cognitive Behaviors in Rats with a Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8276
Author(s):  
Pen-Sen Huang ◽  
Ping-Yen Tsai ◽  
Ling-Yu Yang ◽  
Daniela Lecca ◽  
Weiming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
Hippocampal Neurodegeneration

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. It can instigate immediate cell death, followed by a time-dependent secondary injury that results from disproportionate microglial and astrocyte activation, excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in brain tissue, culminating in both short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to a TBI. We studied a new pomalidomide (Pom) analog, namely, 3,6′-dithioPom (DP), and Pom as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiD) for mitigating TBI-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis and behavioral impairments in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in rats. Both agents were administered as a single intravenous dose (0.5 mg/kg) at 5 h post injury so that the efficacies could be compared. Pom and DP significantly reduced the contusion volume evaluated at 24 h and 7 days post injury. Both agents ameliorated short-term memory deficits and anxiety behavior at 7 days after a TBI. The number of degenerating neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus after a TBI was reduced by Pom and DP. DP, but not Pom, significantly attenuated the TBI-induced microgliosis and DP was more efficacious than Pom at attenuating the TBI-induced astrogliosis in CA1 and DG at 7D after a TBI. In summary, a single intravenous injection of Pom or DP, given 5 h post TBI, significantly reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration and prevented cognitive deficits with a concomitant attenuation of the neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies as a Predictor of Post-concussive Symptoms in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury versus Mild Orthopedic Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey E. Woodrome ◽  
Keith Owen Yeates ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Jerome Rusin ◽  
Barbara Bangert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study examined whether children's coping strategies are related to post-concussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus orthopedic injury (OI). Participants were 8- to 15-year-old children with mild TBI (n = 167) or OI (n = 84). They rated their current preferred coping strategies and post-injury symptoms at 2 weeks (baseline) and 1, 3, and 12 months post-injury. Children's reported use of coping strategies did not vary significantly over time, so their baseline coping ratings were examined as predictors of post-concussive symptoms across time. Self-ratings of symptoms were positively related to emotion-focused strategies and negatively related to problem-focused engagement after both mild TBI and OI. Higher problem-focused disengagement predicted larger group differences in children's ratings of symptoms, suggesting that problem-focused disengagement moderates the effects of mild TBI. Coping strategies collectively accounted for approximately 10–15% of the variance in children's post-concussive symptoms over time. The findings suggest that coping may play an important role in accounting for children's perceptions of post-concussive symptoms after mild TBI. (JINS, 2011, 17, 317–326)

Neuropsychiatric Predictors of Post-Injury Headache After Mild-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bomyea ◽  
Ariel J. Lang ◽  
Lisa Delano-Wood ◽  
Amy Jak ◽  
Karen L. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Executive Functions and Their Relation to Sleep Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Preschoolers

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Landry-Roy ◽  
Annie Bernier ◽  
Jocelyn Gravel ◽  
Miriam H. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi

AbstractObjectives:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained during childhood is known to impact children’s executive functioning. However, few studies have focused specifically on executive functioning after preschool TBI. TBI has also been associated with sleep disturbances, which are known to impair executive functions in healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate executive functions in preschoolers with mild TBI, and to determine the role of sleep in the links between TBI and executive functioning.Methods:The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study and included 167 children, aged 18 to 60 months, divided into 2 groups: children with accidental mild TBI (n=84) and typically developing children (n=83). Children were assessed 6 months post-injury on executive function measures (inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and sleep measures (actigraphy data and parental rating of sleep problems).Results:The two groups did not differ in their executive abilities. However, relative to controls, children with mild TBI and shorter nighttime sleep duration or increased sleep problems exhibited poorer executive functions.Conclusions:These results support a “double hazard” effect, whereby the combination of sleep disturbances and mild TBI results in poorer executive functions. The findings highlight the importance of assessing and monitoring the quality of sleep even after mild head injuries. Poor sleep may place children at risk for increased cognitive difficulties. (JINS, 2018,24, 769–780)

scholarly journals Case Report: Buccal administration of hydrogen-producing blend after a mild traumatic brain injury in a professional athlete

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Dejan Javorac ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Patient Reported

Background: Sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious trauma that could impair brain function of an injured athlete. Treatment solutions for mild TBI typically concentrate on complete rest, while non-traditional therapeutic options remain largely ineffective. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an innovative neuroprotective agent that can easily reach the brain, yet no data are available concerning its value as a first-aid intervention after a mild TBI. Case report: This case report demonstrates the efficacy and safety of a hydrogen-producing dissolving tablet administered buccally during the first 24 hours post-injury in a professional soccer player who suffered a mild TBI. The patient received a formulated dosage of hydrogen every 2 hours, with the first intervention given immediately after an initial examination (~ 15 min after the injury). The overall score for Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2), a standardized method of evaluating injured athletes for concussion, increased from 68 points (severe disruption) at baseline to 84 points (mild disruption) at 24-h follow-up. The patient reported no side effects of hydrogen intervention. Conclusions: This case has demonstrated that intensive consecutive therapy with oral transmucosal hydrogen formulation is a beneficial strategy with regard to the reduction of presence and severity of symptoms of sport-related mild TBI.

Return to Pre-Injury Work Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kahan ◽  
Kelly M. Jones ◽  
Shivanthi Balalla ◽  
Kathryn McPherson ◽  
Elisabeth Stedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: Adults are at risk for unemployment following a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Less is known about employment patterns following mild TBI. This study aims to examine patterns of return to pre-injury job in adults following mild TBI over a 12-month post injury period, and to investigate factors associated with return to work. Methods: It is a prospective longitudinal study of 205 adults (aged ≥16 years at injury) identified as part of a larger population-based incidence study in the Waikato, New Zealand. In-person assessments were completed at baseline (within 14 days) and 1-, 6-, and 12-month post-injury. Results: A total of 159 (77.6%) adults returned to their pre-injury job at baseline and 185 (90.2%) returned within 12 months. Of those who did not return to their pre-injury job at baseline (n= 46), younger age at injury (≤30 years,p= .02) and poor overall neurocognitive functioning at 1-month (p= .02) was associated with non-return to pre-injury job at 12 months. Conclusion: In a sample of employed adults, the majority returned to their pre-injury job shortly after injury. Cognitive functioning and younger age at time of injury may be associated with delayed return to work. Interventions to support younger workers may facilitate their return to work.

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