Neuropsychological correlates of adolescent substance abuse: Four-year outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN F. TAPERT ◽  
SANDRA A. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol and other drug use are common in youth, but neurocognitive sequelae are unclear. This study examines the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and protracted substance use in adolescence. One hundred fifteen adolescents, ages 13 to 19 years, were recruited from inpatient substance abuse treatment programs and followed for 4 years. Adolescents were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and evaluated on substance use involvement during treatment, and at 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 4-year follow-up time points. Protracted substance abuse over the 4 years of follow-up was associated with significantly poorer subsequent functioning on tests of attention. In addition, alcohol and drug withdrawal accounted for significant variance in visuospatial functioning, above and beyond demographic, educational, and health variables in detoxified late adolescents and young adults. Results suggest that alcohol and drug withdrawal may be a more powerful marker of protracted neuropsychological impairments than other indices of youthful alcohol and drug involvement. (JINS, 1999, 5, 481–493.)

Meeting the Needs of Women: Current Treatment Options Available for Women Who Have a History of Physical, Sexual or Emotional Trauma and are Current Substance Users

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordanne Dalgleish
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Abuse Treatment

There is growing research which describes a strong relationship between early trauma and abuse histories with adult substance abuse. This relationship has often been explained as a coping tool by women who learn to self‐medicate the distress created by abuse. (Eliason, 2006) Although this link has been researched and treatment options explored, counselling services, substance abuse treatment programs and health service programs have only recently come together to address the intersections of past trauma, substance abuse and vulnerability in terms of affecting negative health and treatment outcomes. (Poole & Greaves, 2007) Women with both trauma and substance use issues have had to catalogue their needs and seek separate services, which has often led to incompatible treatment programs. Women who seek out treatment to address issues of sexual trauma may jeopardize their sobriety when strong feelings surface in the counselling process, resulting in a relapse. (Poole & Greaves, 2007) Combining treatments for trauma and substance use may be more effective for clients, and may also be more cost effective in using resources. There is a need for more research to gather additional data and determine the significance and result of treatment outcomes.

The relationship between migration and substance use on individuals who are routed to the substance abuse treatment due to probation act

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Derya Kayli ◽  
A Altintoprak ◽  
Hande Celikay ◽  
Yesim BaburKorkmaz ◽  
Deniz Kabakci
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Reaching Out to Patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder with Brief Psychoeducation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S70-S71
Author(s):  
M. Hesse ◽  
B. Thylstrup
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Abuse Treatment

IntroductionPatients with antisocial personality disorder incur high costs on society, and are at high risk of dropping out of treatment and are often excluded from treatment, yet very little research has been conducted on how to best help these patients.ObjectivesTo test a six-session psychoeducation program, Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling, in outpatients with substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder.AimsTo test the efficacy of the intervention versus treatment as usual in community outpatient treatment for substance use disorders.MethodsPragmatic randomized trial in 13 outpatient community substance abuse treatment uptake areas. Patients were interviewed by blinded interviewers 3, 9 and 15 months post-randomization and tracked through a national substance abuse treatment register. Mixed effects regression were used to assess substance use and self-reported aggression and Cox regression was used to assess risk of dropout.ResultsA total of 175 patients was randomized. At 3-month follow-up, patients randomized to intervention reported more days abstinent and less drug use severity than patients randomized to treatment as usual. In addition, patients randomized to intervention were at lower risk of dropout after intervention. In addition, patients randomized to intervention were more likely to report having received help for antisocial personality disorder at follow-up interviews.ConclusionsA brief psychoeducational intervention may improve outcomes for outpatients with antisocial personality disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Unemployment rate, opioids misuse and other substance abuse: quasi-experimental evidence from treatment admissions data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Azagba ◽  
Lingpeng Shan ◽  
Fares Qeadan ◽  
Mark Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The relationship between economic conditions and substance abuse is unclear, with few studies reporting drug-specific substance abuse. The present study examined the association between economic conditions and drug-specific substance abuse admissions. Methods State annual administrative data were drawn from the 1993–2016 Treatment Episode Data Set. The outcome variable was state-level aggregate number of treatment admissions for six categories of primary substance abuse (alcohol, marijuana/hashish, opiates, cocaine, stimulants, and other drugs). Additionally, we used a broader outcome for the number of treatment admissions, including primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses. We used a quasi-experimental approach -difference-in-difference model- to estimate the association between changes in economic conditions and substance abuse treatment admissions, adjusting for state characteristics. In addition, we performed two additional analyses to investigate (1) whether economic conditions have an asymmetric effect on the number of substance use admissions during economic downturns and upturns, and (2) the moderation effects of economic recessions (2001, 2008–09) on the relationship between economic conditions and substance use treatment. Results The baseline model showed that unemployment rate was significantly associated with substance abuse treatment admissions. A unit increase in state unemployment rate was associated with a 9% increase in treatment admissions for opiates (β = 0.087, p < .001). Similar results were found for other substance abuse treatment admissions (cocaine (β = 0.081, p < .001), alcohol (β = 0.050, p < .001), marijuana (β = 0.036, p < .01), and other drugs (β = 0.095, p < .001). Unemployment rate was negatively associated with treatment admissions for stimulants (β = − 0.081, p < .001). The relationship between unemployment rate and opioids treatment admissions was not statistically significant in models that adjusted for state fixed effects and allowed for a state- unique time trend. We found that the association between state unemployment rates and annual substance abuse admissions has the same direction during economic downturns and upturns. During the economic recession, the negative association between unemployment rate and treatment admissions for stimulants was weakened. Conclusion These findings suggest that economic hardship may have increased substance abuse. Treatment for substance use of certain drugs and alcohol should remain a priority even during economic downturns.

scholarly journals Substance Use Rates of Veterans with Depression Leaving Incarceration: A Matched Sample Comparison with General Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182094708
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Spence ◽  
April Crawford ◽  
James P LePage
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Urine Drug

Formerly incarcerated military veterans—comprising approximately 8% of the prison population—experience significant barriers to reentry including homelessness, mental illness, and mortality. One of the most consequential barriers is relapsing into substance use. Most justice-involved veterans (JIV) possess histories of substance abuse before imprisonment, and this rate continues upon release. Mental illness—depression in particular—is often comorbid with substance abuse. With high rates of depression and substance use in a JIV population, it is important to determine to what extent release from prison contributes to predicting substance use and negative clinical outcomes. This study compares rates of substance use and negative outcomes between two matched samples of JIV and general veterans, both with depression and a substance use disorder. It is hypothesized that JIV will have a higher rate of substance use and that use will be associated with higher negative outcomes in the JIV condition. Rates of use of veterans released from prison and general veterans were collected during six-year follow-up periods. Use was defined as the use of an illicit substance or alcohol, if an alcohol use disorder was present, and determined by urine drug tests or self-report recorded in medical notes. Results indicate that JIV used substances at a higher rate compared to those not recently incarcerated, and that such use is predictive of several other negative outcomes including homelessness, use of inpatient substance treatment, and reincarceration. Structured drug treatment programs and other interventions should cater to veterans recently released from prison to offer help in these areas.

scholarly journals 2094 Validation of a set of “healthcare trust” scales for women seeking substance abuse treatment in community-based settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Joshua Cockroft ◽  
Deondria Matlock ◽  
Susie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To validate previously published psychometric scales capturing interpersonal or healthcare-related trust in a target population of women with a history of substance use disorder seeking substance abuse treatment in a community-based setting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants are enrolled at The Next Door, Inc. (TND) and Renewal House (RH), 2 community agencies in metropolitan Nashville that provide substance abuse treatment and post-incarceration re-entry services for women with a history of substance use disorder. We will enroll 300 participants to provide sufficient power for statistical psychometric validation. Inclusion criteria include adult women with self-identified history of substance use disorder seeking substance abuse treatment within seven days of initiation of inpatient residential or intensive outpatient treatment at TND or RH. Participants complete a one-time online survey comprising a demographics questionnaire, Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale, Wake Forest Trust in Physician Scale, Revised Health Care System Distrust Scale, 5-item RAND Social Desirability Scale, and Adverse Childhood Events Survey. Participants then individually participate in a modified protocol of the “Trust Game.” Predictor variables for multivariate analysis collected include age, race/ethnicity, gender identification, number of days in current treatment, number of prior substance abuse treatment programs, and number of adverse childhood events. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Each individual scale will be assessed for item analysis, factor analysis, construct validity, content validity, and reliability and compared with general population sample values published in the literature. We will use multivariate analysis to determine the impact of potential predictor variables on specific types of interpersonal or healthcare-related trust. We anticipate having preliminary results to present in April. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Women who seek substance abuse treatment in the community face unique challenges compared to their male counterparts, including higher rates of prior interpersonal trauma, co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, and more serious physical health problems. Characteristics such as these highlight the need for regular healthcare engagement in the setting of an increased risk of decreased interpersonal or healthcare-related trust. Prior qualitative research demonstrates that trust building is seen as an essential component of care in ongoing substance abuse treatment for women in this population. Validation of psychometric healthcare-related trust scales in a population of women seeking substance abuse treatment in a community based setting will provide a framework for future quantitative inquiry into the impact of healthcare-related trust on health outcomes, healthcare engagement, and treatment retention for this target population. Similarly, it will also facilitate inquiry into the effectiveness of specific treatment programs or interventions on improving therapeutic trust building.

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