PSYCHOLOGY SELECTION Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry (2000) B. Wren. Early physical intervention for young people with atypical gender identity development. Vol. 5, No. 2. pp. 220–231.

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Jenny Walters
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
Clinical Child Psychology

Thinking about ethnicity and gender diversity in children and young people

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastasja M de Graaf ◽  
Ilham I Manjra ◽  
Anna Hames ◽  
Claudia Zitz
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ethnicity Data

Background: Little is known about how social and cultural variants interact with gender identity development. This article aims to identify the ethnicities of children and young people referred to the United Kingdom’s national Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), and compare the ethnicity data with the UK child population and referrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Methods: GIDS referrals made between April 2012 and April 2015 for children and young people were retrieved. Ethnicity data were obtained by the ‘16 + 1’ ethnicity list. Chi-square and t-tests were performed on the demographics. Results: Less than 10% of the 995 referrals at GIDS were from Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups – an underrepresentation as compared with both the national population and CAMHS figures. No significant differences in ethnic representation were found between the demographic birth-assigned sexes, across age groups, or year of referral. Conclusions: Hypotheses proposed for this underrepresentation take into account both the potential barriers to accessing services and the possibility of cross-cultural variations in the conceptualisations of gender, gender roles and gender diversity. Ethnicity, culture and religion, and their overlapping relationship with gender need further exploration.

scholarly journals Gender Dysphoria in looked-after and adopted young people in a gender identity development service

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Tom Matthews ◽  
Victoria Holt ◽  
Senem Sahin ◽  
Amelia Taylor ◽  
David Griksaitis
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Case File ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Overall Functioning ◽  
Development Service

This research investigated the prevalence of looked-after and adopted young people within a case file review of 185 young people referred to a UK gender identity development service over a 2-year period (1 April 2009 to 1 April 2011). Data were extracted from referral letters, clinical notes and clinician letters. Looked-after young people were found to represent 4.9% of referrals in this cohort, which is significantly higher than within the English general population (0.58%). Adopted young people represented 3.8% of referrals. In addition, the findings showed that looked-after young people were less likely to receive a diagnosis of gender dysphoria compared with young people living within their birth family. There were no statistically significant differences in the gender ratio or age of first gender dysphoric experience between groups. Looked-after and adopted young people were also not found to be experiencing greater impairment in overall functioning compared to other young people referred to the gender identity development service. In conclusion, there are a substantial proportion of referrals pertaining to looked-after or adopted young people, and it appears the referral route and process through the service may be distinct, particularly for looked-after young people. This may be understood by considering the possible complexities in the presentation of these groups, alongside the established higher levels of complexity generally for those experiencing feelings of gender dysphoria.

Gender diversity and non-binary presentations in young people attending the United Kingdom’s National Gender Identity Development Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twist ◽  
Nastasja M de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Gender Expression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Development Service ◽  
Binary Gender

There has been a recent rise in the number of people who hold a non-binary gender identity. However, the proportion of young people attending gender services who identify as non-binary has not yet been investigated. This article presents the findings from a pilot study of newly designed questionnaire, the Gender Diversity Questionnaire, which included questions about gender identity and gender expression. Responses from 251 adolescents attending the United Kingdom’s National Gender Identity Development Service between June 2016 and February 2017 are reported here. The majority, 56.9%, of young people identified as trans, 29.3% identified as a binary gender (male or female), 11% identified as non-binary and 1.2% as agender. There were no significant differences in self-defined identities based on assigned gender or age. However, once young people were separated into these groups, some of them were very small; thus, a larger sample is required. In terms of aspects of gender expression that were important to the young people, the data formed five themes – name and pronouns, external appearance, the body, intrinsic factors and ‘other’. Strengths and weaknesses of the research are discussed as well as future work that will be conducted.

Co-ordinating meaning within a gender identity development service: What can the theory of the co-ordinated management of meaning offer clinicians working with young people, and their families, exploring their gender identities

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Miller ◽  
Sarah Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Therapeutic Rapport ◽  
Management Of Meaning ◽  
The Many ◽  
Development Service

Working with young people who present with diverse gender identifications and their families requires consideration and acknowledgement of a range of contexts (including relationship, family, social and cultural) as well as the influences of prior experience and language. Family members often present with diverse understandings and hopes from their referral to the Gender Identity Development Service and look to us to meet these. This article considers the contribution of Cronen and Pearce who introduced the theory of the co-ordinated management of meaning (CMM). We focus on their ideas about communication, the complexities of communication, meaning, context and multiple perspectives. This article relates to our practice as well as considers useful ways to work with families and young people, within a highly contested field. Clinical examples are used to illustrate how we have made use of the theory and models of CMM to facilitate engagement, build therapeutic rapport, facilitate understanding and support those we see in a way which takes into account the many contexts of their lives.

scholarly journals A psychological support group for parents in the care of families with gender diverse children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452096337
Author(s):  
Angela M Caldarera ◽  
Sarah Davidson ◽  
Benedetto Vitiello ◽  
Chiara Baietto
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Feedback Questionnaire ◽  
Diverse Children

Parenting gender diverse children and adolescents can be a challenging experience, entailing doubts about how to protect and support them during their development. Parental reactions impact on the child’s sense of security and well-being. Therefore, when caring for families with gender diverse children, it is important to offer support to parents. In this article we present an experience with a 12-month support group for parents of young people who attended the service for gender identity development at a paediatric hospital. We describe the group structure and methodology, together with the process for evaluating the intervention. At 6-month intervals, parents were asked to indicate the most important topics that had emerged during the monthly sessions. At 12 months, they completed a semi-structured feedback questionnaire about their experience in the group, including possible difficulties encountered. Thematic analysis showed an evolution in time, with participants taking a more complex perspective on gender diversity and the needs of their children, while feeling more able to deal with the uncertainties related to gender identity development. After attending the group, parents reported feeling less lonely, more confident, and better able to communicate with their children. They related these positive changes to the opportunity of sharing experiences and mutual learning. This feed-back provides preliminary evidence that the psychological support group was perceived to be a useful resource by parents of gender diverse young people.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Outcomes of Gender Identity in Children (LOGIC): protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study of children referred to the UK gender identity development service

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e045628
Author(s):  
Eilis Kennedy ◽  
Lauren Spinner ◽  
Chloe Lane ◽  
Hannah Stynes ◽  
Veronica Ranieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionGender identity development services (GIDS) worldwide have seen a significant increase in referrals in recent years. Many of these referrals consist of children and young people (CYP) who experience gender-related distress. This study aims to improve understanding of outcomes of CYP referred to the UK GIDS, specifically regarding gender identity, mental health, physical health and quality of life. The impact of factors such as co-occurring autism and early social transition on outcomes over time will be explored.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective cohort study of CYP aged 3–14 years when referred to the UK GIDS. Eligible participants will be ≤14 years at the time their referral was accepted and will be on the waitlist for the service when baseline measures are completed. Children aged under 12 years will complete the measures in an interview format with a researcher, while young people aged 12 years and over and their parents/caregivers will complete online or paper-based questionnaires. Participants will complete follow-up measures 12 months and 24 months later. The final sample size is expected to be approximately 500. Logistic regression models will be used to explore associations between prespecified explanatory variables and gender dysphoria. Appropriate regression models will also be used to investigate explanatory variables for other outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on birth-assigned gender, age at referral and co-occurring autistic traits will be explored.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Health Research Authority and London – Hampstead Research Ethics Committee (reference: 19/LO/0857). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at both conferences and stakeholder events. Findings will be used to inform clinical practice.

scholarly journals An Individual’s Gender Experience: Socio-Cultural Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Larysa Zahrai
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Gender Schemas ◽  
Cultural Schemas

The article highlights gender experience development in an individual. The sociocultural context of gender identity development is addressed from the perspective of socialconstructivism. The author describes the mechanism of constructing gender schemas and normswhich reflect socio-cultural experience. Drawing on poststructuralist ideas, the author explorescultural texts which encode assumptions and concepts that serve as schemas for perceiving andunderstanding reality, for reflecting the processes of an individual’s development as a discursivebeing in his or her interpretation of socio-cultural experience. The article also analyzes masculinityand femininity models shaped by socio-cultural schemas and explores gender role expectationsamong the young people in Ukraine

Gender identity development in children and young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110026
Author(s):  
Hannah Stynes ◽  
Chloe Lane ◽  
Beth Pearson ◽  
Talen Wright ◽  
Veronica Ranieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

Background: Children are presenting in greater numbers to gender clinics around the world. Prospective longitudinal research is important to better understand outcomes and trajectories for these children. This systematic review aims to identify, describe and critically evaluate longitudinal studies in the field. Method: Five electronic databases were systematically searched from January 2000 to February 2020. Peer-reviewed articles assessing gender identity and psychosocial outcomes for children and young people (<18 years) with gender diverse identification were included. Results: Nine articles from seven longitudinal studies were identified. The majority were assessed as being of moderate quality. Four studies were undertaken in the Netherlands, two in North America and one in the UK. The majority of studies had small samples, with only two studies including more than 100 participants and attrition was moderate to high, due to participants lost to follow-up. Outcomes of interest focused predominantly on gender identity over time and emotional and behavioural functioning. Conclusions: Larger scale and higher quality longitudinal research on gender identity development in children is needed. Some externally funded longitudinal studies are currently in progress internationally. Findings from these studies will enhance understanding of outcomes over time in relation to gender identity development in children and young people.

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