Totaln-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes in relation to insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes

AbstractObjectiveThe present study sought to investigate the associations of totaln-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes with insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation sample at risk for type 2 diabetes.DesignFasting values for glucose and insulin were used to estimate insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Intakes ofn-3 fatty acids and SFA were computed from dietary food and drink data obtained using 3 d food records. Associations between HOMA-IR and dietaryn-3 and SFA consumption were tested using linear regression models accounting for age, sex, community, education, physical activity, waist circumference, fibre, protein and carbohydrate intakes, and HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations.SettingRural Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada.SubjectsOn-reserve First Nation individuals (Interior Salishan) aged 18 years and over, recruited for community-based diabetes screening and determined to be normoglycaemic (n126).ResultsHOMA-IR was negatively associated with dietaryn-3 fatty acid intake (β= −0·22; 95 % CI −0·39, −0·04;P= 0·016) and positively associated with dietary SFA intake (β= 0·34; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·53;P= 0·0 0 1).ConclusionsIntake of dietaryn-3 fatty acids may be protective against whereas SFA intake may promote insulin resistance in this high-risk Canadian First Nation sample. Reduced dietary SFA intake and greatern-3 fatty acid intake may assist the prevention of glycaemic disease among First Nations peoples. More rigorous, controlled trials are required to test whether dietary supplementation withn-3 fatty acids in natural or supplement-based form might reduce diabetes risk in high-risk aboriginal groups.

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Modeled replacement of traditional soybean and canola oil with high-oleic varieties increases monounsaturated fatty acid and reduces both saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in the US adult population

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 594-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Susan K Raatz ◽

Zach Conrad ◽

Lisa Jahns ◽

Martha A Belury ◽

Matthew J Picklo

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Canola Oil ◽

Food Sources ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

High Oleic ◽

Acid Intake ◽

The Us ◽

Age And Sex

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND High-oleic (HO) seed oils are being introduced as replacements for trans fatty acid (TFA)–containing fats and oils. Negative health effects associated with TFAs led to their removal from the US Generally Recognized As Safe list. HO oils formulated for use in food production may result in changes in fatty acid intake at population levels. Objectives The purposes of this study were to 1) identify major food sources of soybean oil (SO) and canola oil (CO), 2) estimate effects of replacing SO and CO with HO varieties on fatty acid intake overall and by age and sex strata, and 3) compare predicted intakes with the Dietary Reference Intakes and Adequate Intakes (AIs) for the essential fatty acids (EFAs) α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). Design Food and nutrient intakes from NHANES waves 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, and 2013–2014 in 21,029 individuals aged ≥20 y were used to model dietary changes. We estimated the intake of fatty acid with the replacement of HO-SO and HO-CO for commodity SO and CO at 10%, 25%, and 50% and evaluated the potential for meeting the AI at these levels. RESULTS Each modeling scenario decreased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), although intakes remained greater than recommended for all age and sex groups. Models of all levels increased the intake of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially oleic acid, and decreased the intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly LA and ALA. Replacement of traditional with HO oils at 25–50% places specific adult age and sex groups at risk of not meeting the AI for LA and ALA. Conclusions The replacement of traditional oils with HO varieties will increase MUFA intake and reduce both SFA and PUFA intakes, including EFAs, and may place specific age and sex groups at risk of inadequate LA and ALA intake.

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Boosting omega-3 fatty acid intake is unlikely to prevent type 2 diabetes

10.3310/signal-000833 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Intake

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Dietary Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Type 2 Diabetes among First Nations in Canada

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isesisee.2018.p01.1970 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lesya Marushka ◽

Malek Batal ◽

Tonio Sadik ◽

Harold Schwartz ◽

Amy Ing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

First Nations ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Intake

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Association of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512002036 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 408-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Yunping Zhou ◽

Changwei Tian ◽

Chongqi Jia

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dose Response ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Linear Dose ◽

Acid Intake

Results from observational studies on the association of fish and n-3 fatty acid consumption with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are conflicting. Hence, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate this association from cohort studies. A comprehensive search was then conducted to identify cohort studies on the association of fish and/or n-3 fatty acid intake with T2DM risk. In the highest v. lowest categorical analyses, the fixed or random-effect model was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies. Linear and non-linear dose–response relationships were also assessed by univariate and bivariate random-effect meta-regression with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. In the highest v. lowest categorical analyses, the pooled relative risk (RR) of T2DM for intake of fish and n-3 fatty acid was 1·146 (95 % CI 0·975, 1·346) and 1·076 (95 % CI 0·955, 1·213), respectively. In the linear dose–response relationship, the pooled RR for an increment of one time (about 105 g)/week of fish intake (four times/month) and of 0·1 g/d of n-3 fatty acid intake was 1·042 (95 % CI 1·026, 1·058) and 1·057 (95 % CI 1·042, 1·073), respectively. The significant non-linear dose–response associations of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake with T2DM risk were not observed. The present evidence from observational studies suggests that the intake of both fish and n-3 fatty acids might be weakly positively associated with the T2DM risk. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

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Effect of omega‐3 fatty acid intake on homocysteine in African and Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.615.11 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Joan A Vaccaro ◽

Joel C Exebio ◽

Sahar Ajabshir ◽

Gustavo G Zarini ◽

Fatma G Huffman

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Haitian Americans

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The Ratio of Unsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids is a Distinguishing Feature of NAFLD in Subjects With Metabolic Disease

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.859 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A421-A421

Author(s):

John N Falcone ◽

Maurice A Hurd ◽

Sonal Kumar ◽

Michele Yeung ◽

Carolyn Newberry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disease ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Other ◽

Acid Index

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease affecting at least a quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD is commonly associated with other metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Given the liver’s prominent role in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, we hypothesized that subjects with NAFLD have a distinct profile of blood analytes. This investigation examines the association between NAFLD and circulating markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in order to identify a NAFLD-specific metabolite panel that can be used as a predictive biomarker in future studies. We are performing a cross-sectional study in 500 subjects to identify genetic and hormonal factors that correlate with the presence of NAFLD. This abstract reports a preliminary analysis of the results from the first 45 subjects enrolled. Fasting blood samples were collected from 31 subjects with NAFLD and 14 subjects with other metabolic diseases (‘Other’) and without radiologic evidence of NAFLD. The following analytes were measured: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, direct-LDL, HDL, triglycerides, ApoB, small dense LDL-C (sdLDL), VLDL, Lp(a), cholesterol absorption/production markers (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, lathosterol, and desmosterol), glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, adiponectin, hs-CRP, and fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from glucose and insulin levels, and fatty acids were batched together by structural similarity and reported as indices. The groups were compared using multiple t-tests or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test when data were non-parametric. The NAFLD group had a mean age 48.4 ± 12.9 yrs and BMI 32.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2. These participants were 61% female and 58% had dyslipidemia, 25% pre-diabetes, and 25% type 2 diabetes. The Other group had a mean age 49.9 ± 12.9 yrs and BMI 39.1 ± 15.6 kg/m2. They were 64% female and 57% had dyslipidemia, 14% pre-diabetes, and 21% type 2 diabetes. ALT was higher in the NAFLD group (55 ± 40 vs 27 ± 22 IU/L, P<0.001). Intriguingly, the saturated fatty acid index was elevated in the NAFLD group (32.5 ± 1.9 vs 30.1 ± 2.2 %, P<0.05), and the omega-6 fatty acid index was elevated in the Other group (42.9 ± 3.7 vs 38.5 ± 4.7 %, P<0.05). These changes led to an unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio that was significantly lower in the NAFLD group (2.0 ± 0.1 vs 2.3 ± 0.2, P<0.01). There were no other significant differences in the blood metabolites and hormones. In this small sample comparing subjects with metabolic disease with and without NAFLD, levels of ALT and the ratio of circulating unsaturated/saturated fatty acids are distinguishing features of NAFLD. These may be helpful measures to identify subjects with metabolic disease that require further evaluation for NAFLD.

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