scholarly journals Analysis of Nanometer-Scale Precipitation in a Rapidly Solidified Stainless Steel

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 981-982
Author(s):  
S. Wisutmethangoon ◽  
T.F. Kelly ◽  
P.P. Camus ◽  
J.E. Flinn ◽  
D.J. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Though stainless steels are important technologically for a wide range of applications, they are not generally known for their very high strength. We have rapid-solidification-processed many stainless steels by gas atomization and achieved strength improvements of over 50% relative to conventionally-processed stainless steels with concomitant improvement in corrosion and oxidation behavior. These strength improvements are most pronounced after aging treatments when elevated concentrations of oxygen and vanadium are present in the stainless steel. An austenitic (FCC) stainless steel (Fe-16%Ni-9%Cr-0.5%Mn-0.2%V-0.0137%N-0.008%O by weight) was prepared by gas atomization and consolidated by hot extrusion at 900°C. These specimens were heat treated for 1 hour at 1000°C and aged at 600°C for 500 hours.The microstructure of each alloy composition was observed in TEM with bright field imaging. After aging, most alloys showed the same precipitate morphology as before aging. An obvious change, however, was found only in the alloy with highest oxygen content.

scholarly journals Complementary Use of APFIM and TEM for a Study of Precipitation in a Rapidly Solidified Stainless Steel

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 683-684
Author(s):  
T. F. Kelly ◽  
S. Wisutmethangoon ◽  
P. P. Camus ◽  
D. J. Larson ◽  
M. K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Fringe Contrast ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Imaging

Stainless steels are important technologically for a wide range of applications. Though they are attractive for their environmental stability, austenitic versions of these steels are not generally known for their very high strength. We have rapid-solidification-processed many stainless steels by gas atomization and achieved strength improvements of over 50% relative to conventionally-processed stainless steels with concomitant improvement in corrosion and oxidation behavior. These strength improvements are most pronounced when elevated concentrations of oxygen and vanadium are present in the metal and we need to know how these elements affect precipitation in the alloy.The specimen material (FCC Fe-16%Ni-9%Cr-0.5%Mn-0.2%V-0.0137%N-0.008%O by weight) was prepared by gas atomization and hot extrusion followed by precipitation aging as described elsewhere. We observed the structure in TEM and found 20 nm precipitates on dislocations, Fig. 1a. We did not observe smaller precipitates in the grain interiors using diffraction contrast bright field imaging, however, with weak-beam dark field imaging, Moiré fringe contrast is observed throughout the material, Fig. 1b.

A TEM study of the effect of oxygen on nanocavity formation and precipitation in rapid - solidified Fe-16Ni-9Cr stainless steels

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
S. Wisutmethangoon ◽  
T. F. Kelly ◽  
J.E. Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Ratio ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Cavity Formation ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Vacancies are introduced into the crystal phase during quenching of rapid solidified materials. Cavity formation occurs because of the coalescence of the vacancies into a cluster. However, because of the high mobility of vacancies at high temperature, most of them will diffuse back into the liquid phase, and some will be lost to defects such as dislocations. Oxygen is known to stabilize cavities by decreasing the surface energy through a chemisorption process. These stabilized cavities, furthermore, act as effective nucleation sites for precipitates to form during aging. Four different types of powders with different oxygen contents were prepared by gas atomization processing. The atomized powders were then consolidated by hot extrusion at 900 °C with an extrusion ratio 10,5:1. After consolidation, specimens were heat treated at 1000 °C for 1 hr followed by water quenching. Finally, the specimens were aged at 600 °C for about 800 hrs. TEM samples were prepared from the gripends of tensile specimens of both unaged and aged alloys.

AISI No. 617

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract AISI No. 617 is a general purpose hardenable stainless steel which can be heat treated to the highest hardness and strength level. It is recommended for many applications where corrosion and oxidation resistance coupled with high strength and wear resistance are required as in bearings, cams and rollers in aircraft and missile fields. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-231. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

SANDMEYER ALLOY 410 (UNS S41000)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Sandmeyer Alloy 410 (UNS S41000) is a general purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel that can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. This alloy possesses good corrosion resistance along with high strength and hardness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1316. Producer or source: Sandmeyer Steel Company.

Multi Response Optimization of Machining Parameters for Turning Stainless Steel Using Coated Tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chandrasekaran ◽  
P. Marimuthu ◽  
K. Raja ◽  
A. Manimaran
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Grey Relational

Stainless steels are used in aerospace, automotive, marine applications, because of resistant to corrosion and maintaining their mechanical properties over a wide range of temperature. Stainless steels are generally difficult to machine due to their high strength. The machining parameters which are affecting the quality of turning operation, it is necessary to optimize the machining parameters to obtain better productivity. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of different coated tools on austenitic stainless steel (AISI316) and martensitic stainless steel (AISI410) in CNC turning under dry conditions. Multi response optimization of machining parameters was performed using coated with TiCN/Al2O3, TiAlN, Ti (C, N, B) using grey relational analysis.

Properties of Precipitation Hardening 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Powder Metallurgy Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kazior ◽  
Aneta Szewczyk-Nykiel ◽  
Tadeusz Pieczonka ◽  
Marek Hebda ◽  
Marek Nykiel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treated

Alloys from austenitic and ferritic stainless steel found to be satisfactory for a great many applications. However, for applications that require higher levels of strength and hardness from the martensitic grades are frequently specified. Martensitic stainless steels offer significantly higher strengths but have to low ductility. For this reason for application where high levels of strength and a moderate ductility is required, the precipitation strengthened stainless steels are often considered. One of the most popular alloy of this kind of stainless steel is 17-4 PH. The aim of the present paper was to examined the influence the process parameters in conventional powder metallurgy processing on the mechanical properties of the 17-4 PH alloy in both as-sintered and heat treated conditions. In was found that temperature of aged is a very sensitive parameter for obtained high strength and acceptable ductility.

Development of Powder Metallurgy High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1811-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Jiang Kuang ◽  
H. Zhong ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
X. Kuang ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Annealed State ◽  
Nitrogen Alloying ◽  
High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

Nitrogen alloying in steel may greatly increase the strength and corrosion resistance of the material. This paper introduced some research results of high nitrogen stainless steel (HNS) investigation via PM process. Nickel free high nitrogen stainless steels (17Cr12Mn2MoN) and superaustenitic high nitrogen stainless steels (28Cr6Mn2/6Mo10/20NiN) were investigated via gas atomization and HIP processes. Nitrogen alloying behavior during atomization and consolidation processes was investigated. Powders with nitrogen content up to 1% were manufactured by gas atomization process. Nickel free high nitrogen stainless steels with nitrogen up to 0.6% exhibits high strength and ductility at as-HIPed and solution annealed state, and superaustenitic HNS with nitrogen content up to 1% showed very high strength and good ductility at solution annealed state, with b at 1100 MPa, s at 810 MPa and elongation of 43%. PM HNS exhibited excellent corrosion resistance.

AISI No. 633

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract AISI No. 633 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel whose properties can be changed by heat treatment. It bridges the gap between the austenitic and martensitic stainless steels; that is, it has some of the properties of each. Its uses include high-strength structural applications, corrosion-resistant springs and knife blades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-389. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

CRUCIBLE 174 SXR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Crucible 174 SXR is a premium-quality precipitation-hardening stainless steel designed for use as rifle barrels. It is a modification of Crucible’s 17Cr-4Ni that offers substantially improved machinability without sacrificing toughness. Its excellent corrosion resistance approaches that of a 300 series austenitic stainless steel, while its high strength is characteristic of 400 series martensitic stainless steels. At similar hardness levels, Crucible 174 SXR offers greater toughness than either the 410 or 416 stainless steels which are commonly used for rifle barrels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-1034. Producer or source: Crucible Service Centers.

Use of Duplex Stainless Steel in Economic Design of a Pressure Vessel

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Veljkovic ◽  
Jonas Gozzi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Economic Design ◽  
European Standard

Pressure vessels have been used for a long time in various applications in oil, chemical, nuclear, and power industries. Although high-strength steels have been available in the last three decades, there are still some provisions in design codes that preclude a full exploitation of its properties. This was recognized by the European Equipment Industry and an initiative to improve economy and safe use of high-strength steels in the pressure vessel design was expressed in the evaluation report (Szusdziara, S., and McAllista, S., EPERC Report No. (97)005, Nov. 11, 1997). Duplex stainless steel (DSS) has a mixed structure which consists of ferrite and austenite stainless steels, with austenite between 40% and 60%. The current version of the European standard for unfired pressure vessels EN 13445:2002 contains an innovative design procedure based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), called Design by Analysis-Direct Route (DBA-DR). According to EN 13445:2002 duplex stainless steels should be designed as a ferritic stainless steels. Such statement seems to penalize the DSS grades for the use in unfired pressure vessels (Bocquet, P., and Hukelmann, F., 2001, EPERC Bulletin, No. 5). The aim of this paper is to present an investigation performed by Luleå University of Technology within the ECOPRESS project (2000-2003) (http://www.ecopress.org), indicating possibilities towards economic design of pressure vessels made of the EN 1.4462, designation according to the European standard EN 10088-1 Stainless steels. The results show that FEA with von Mises yield criterion and isotropic hardening describe the material behaviour with a good agreement compared to tests and that 5% principal strain limit is too low and 12% is more appropriate.

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