3d Image Reconstruction of Frog Virus 3 At 2.6nm

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 746-747
Author(s):  
X. Yan ◽  
V. Bowman ◽  
G. Murti ◽  
R. Goorha ◽  
A. Hyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
3D Image Reconstruction ◽  
Capsid Shell ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Usa

Frog virus 3 (FV3), a member of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae), was isolated from the leopard frog Rana pipiens. Members of this genus are recognized pathogens of amphibians, reptiles and fish and have been associated with declines of amphibians in the United Kingdom and the USA. Neutron-scattering studies showed that FV3 virions are composed of four concentric layers: an outer lipid envelope containing protein VP58; an icosahedral capsid shell with major capsid protein VP48; an inner lipid membrane with VP63 and 44; and a central core of dsDNA (∼170 kbps) and associated proteins. The FV3 genome has a terminally-redundant and circularly-permuted sequence. Naked virions (i.e. without the envelope lipid) contain more than 20 different proteins and about 9% lipid, which is required for infectivity. to date, structural information about FV3 has primarily been obtained in electron microscopy studies by means of thin-sectioning and negative staining techniques.

Comparative Genomics Analysis between frog Virus 3-like Ranavirus from the First Canadian Reptile Mortality Event and Similar Viruses from Amphibians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lung ◽  
Ayooluwa J. Bolaji ◽  
Michelle Nebroski ◽  
Mat Fisher ◽  
Cody Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Organization

Abstract Ranaviruses are emerging pathogens that threaten the biodiversity of wild and captive cold-blooded vertebrates. Reports of ranavirus-induced mortality events are increasing and ranavirus disease is reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health. Previous studies have suggested interclass transmission of ranaviruses and Frog virus 3 (FV3)-like viruses are of particular interest. This study presents the whole-genome assembly of a 106 kb FV3-like genome obtained from the liver tissue of a reptile (wild Chelydra serpentina, common snapping turtle) that died of ranavirus disease in Canada. The FV3-like ON turtle/2018 strain shares the highest genome-wide nucleotide identity (99.71%) with the wild-type FV3 virus detected in the USA from a Northern leopard frog and an FV3-like strain identified from a wood frog in 2017 in Alberta, Canada. The novel genome contains all 26 Iridoviridae core genes, 11 FV3-like genes, and 9 unique truncations, three of which are core Iridoviridae ORFs. Additionally, the two most closely related FV3-like strains from amphibians, were compared to a non-FV3-like amphibian infecting and a fish infecting ranavirus species that showed similar codon usage patterns. G/C-ending codons were the preferred codons for all five strains. Investigation of putative recombination events identified four potential recombination events in the FV3-like ON turtle/2018 genome consistent with this FV3-like reptile infecting strain originating from an amphibian infecting FV3-like ranavirus. Altogether, this study provides insights into the genome structure and the differences in the novel FV3-like genome compared to other ranavirus genomes.

Denitrification of Sewage Effluents in Deep Bed Sand Filters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Upton
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

The European waste water industry will need to develop denitrification processes to remove nitrogen as pressures increase to reduce nutrient levels discharged in effluents. In the USA deep bed filter technology has been used extensively to provide denitrification to levels less than 5 mg/l TN. This paper describes this technology and the full scale performance at some waste water plants in Florida, USA. This paper also describes a pilot study in the United Kingdom at Severn Trent Water. The results of the pilot plant study indicate that denitrification in deep bed sand filters is a sound robust technology using methanol addition. Nitrogen removals greater than the 70% required in the EC Directive 1991 are possible at winter sewage temperatures. The process is most suitable for achieving nitrogen removal at trickling filter plants. The cost of methanol addition is calculated to be ₤10/1000m3.

A low resolution structure of frog virus 3

Virology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cuillel ◽  
F. Tripier ◽  
J. Braunwald ◽  
B. Jacrot
Keyword(s):  
Low Resolution ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Resolution Structure

Nongenetic reactivation of frog virus 3 DNA

Virology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn B. Willis ◽  
Rakesh Goorha ◽  
Allan Granoff
Keyword(s):  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus

Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3

Virology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn B. Willis ◽  
Allan Granoff
Keyword(s):  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
In Cells

Lament and Revenge in the Hekabe of Euripides

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Lament

In this article Christian M. Billing considers the relationship between female lament and acts of vengeance in fifth-century Athenian society and its theatre, with particular emphasis on the Hekabe of Euripides. He uses historical evidence to argue that female mourning was held to be a powerfully transgressive force in the classical period; that considerable social tensions existed as a result of the suppression of female roles in traditional funerary practices (social control arising from the move towards democracy and the development of forensic processes as a means of social redress); and that as a piece of transvestite theatre, authored and performed by men to an audience made up largely, if not entirely, of that sex, Euripides' Hekabe demonstrates significant gender-related anxiety regarding the supposedly horrific consequences of allowing women to speak at burials, or to engage in lament as part of uncontrolled funerary ritual. Christian M. Billing is an academic and theatre practitioner working in the fields of ancient Athenian and early modern English and European drama. He has worked extensively as a director and actor and has also taught at a number of universities in the United Kingdom and the USA. He is currently Lecturer in Drama at the University of Hull.

scholarly journals Expression of frog virus 3 genes is impaired in mammalian cell lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E Eaton ◽  
Julie Metcalf ◽  
Craig R Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines
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