Investment in employer shares, incentive alignment, and monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
ISSOUF SOUMARÉ
Keyword(s):  
Pension Plans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Incentive Alignment ◽  
Company Stock ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High ◽  
Do So

It is well documented that US defined contribution pension plans are largely invested in the shares of their employer. I argue that when the (single representative) worker holds shares in the firm, he tends to monitor the manager. On the one hand, the manager and shareholders gain from the productivity of the worker. On the other hand, the manager bears the cost of being monitored by the worker, and the shareholders loose part of their ownership power to the worker. Therefore, there is an optimal ownership limit for the worker from the viewpoint of the firm. I derive conditions under which the worker will never invest in the firm's stock if he has the freedom to do so. Nevertheless, under alternative conditions, it will be advantageous for the worker to invest his pension assets heavily in company stock, even if the under-diversification cost is very high.

Challenging Gender Hierarchies in Narratives of the Nation: Representations of Women in Zintgraff and the Battle of Mankon and Hard Choice

Imbizo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Epongse Nkealah ◽  
Olutoba Gboyega Oluwasuji
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Hard Choice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
Do So

Ideas of nationalisms as masculine projects dominate literary texts by African male writers. The texts mirror the ways in which gender differentiation sanctions nationalist discourses and in turn how nationalist discourses reinforce gender hierarchies. This article draws on theoretical insights from the work of Anne McClintock and Elleke Boehmer to analyse two plays: Zintgraff and the Battle of Mankon by Bole Butake and Gilbert Doho and Hard Choice by Sunnie Ododo. The article argues that women are represented in these two plays as having an ambiguous relationship to nationalism. On the one hand, women are seen actively changing the face of politics in their societies, but on the other hand, the means by which they do so reduces them to stereotypes of their gender.

Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Hugh H. Benson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

This chapter presents a reading of Plato’s Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito. These dialogues, in which Plato depicts the weeks leading up to Socrates’s last day, are replete with various philosophical explorations. Among those explorations is the question of how to live our lives. On the one hand, Socrates is clear and straightforward. We should live the examined life—making logoi and examining ourselves and others in order to determine whether we are as wise as we think we are, and we should live the virtuous life. This is how Socrates lives his life. On the other hand, the examined life undercuts, or at least should undercut, the confidence with which he seeks to live the virtuous life. It may help bring some stability to the general principles by which he lives his life, but it can do so only defeasibly and without certainty.

The ‘Pistola’ of Cerveri de Girona

Traditio ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Kurt Lewent
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Moral Argumentation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Troubadour Poetry

Cerveri was decidedly no poetical genius, and often enough he follows the trodden paths of troubadour poetry. However, there is no denying that again and again he tries to escape that poetical routine. In many cases these attempts result in odd and eccentric compositions, where the unusual is reached at the cost of good taste and poetical values. On the other hand, it must be admitted that Cerveri's efforts in this respect were not always futile. His is, e.g. an amusing satire upon bad women. One of his love songs, characteristically called libel by the MS (Sg), assumes the form of a complaint submitted to the king as the supreme earthly judge, in which the defendant is the lady whose charms torture the lover and have made him a prisoner. This poem combines the traditional praise of the beloved and a flattery addressed to the king. Its slightly humoristic tone is also found in a song entitled lo vers del vassayll leyal. Here Cerveri, basing himself on a certain legend connected with St. Mark, gives the king advice in his love affair. Again the poet kills two birds with one stone, flattering the sovereign and pointing, for obvious purposes, to his own poverty. The latter is the only topic of a remarkably personal poem in which the author complains bitterly that, while many of his playmates have become rich in later years, the only wealth he himself did amass were the chans gays and sonetz agradans which he composed for other people to enjoy. Cerveri even tries to renew the traditional genre of the chanson de la mal mariée by adding motifs of—presumably—his own invention. This tendency towards a more independent way of thinking and greater originality in its poetical presentation could not be better illustrated than by the two poems which the MS calls Lo vers de la terra de Preste Johan and Pistola The one puts the poet's moral argumentation against the background of the medieval legend of Prester John, the other, which forms the subject of the present study, sets its teachings in a still more solemn framework, the liturgy of the Mass.

scholarly journals Transitivity, Events, and Gesture: The Case of the Causative-inchoative Alternation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-331
Author(s):  
Suwei Wu ◽  
Alan Cienki
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

AbstractAn increasing number of studies are being devoted to the investigation of what aspects of grammar, and of events, expressed in speech are coordinated with gesture. However, previous studies have focused on gesture use in relation to either transitivity or event properties, without considering how these factors interact. In this study, we consider how gesture use relates to transitivity when the type of event in the causativeinchoative alternation is considered, and also how gesture use relates to properties of the events when the type of transitivity is considered. We found various relations both between gesture use and transitivity on the one hand, and between gesture use and certain properties of events on the other hand. Whereas some of the results contrast with the findings in previous studies about the relation between gesture and transitivity, other results obtained actually reinforce and complement some previous findings. The results concerning event properties and gesture also add to previous studies about which properties of certain motor-spatial events relate to gesture and how they do so. The study thus provides a more nuanced understanding of the relation between gesture and language.

The Appointment and Removal of Rabbi Solomon Eli’ezer Mercado Alfandari in Damascus

2015 ◽  
pp. 201-233
Author(s):  
Yaron Harel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Community Administration

This chapter assesses the appointment and removal of Rabbi Solomon Eli'ezer Mercado Alfandari as ḥakham bashi in Damascus. At the end of October of 1894, Rabbi Alfandari arrived in Damascus, where the community had great hopes of him. But, great as the hopes were, so were the disappointments. Just two weeks after Rabbi Alfandari's arrival in Damascus, complaints were already beginning to be heard regarding his shortcomings and his comprehensive lack of ability in modern community administration. He was not fluent in Arabic, the language of the country, in which most of the community's business was conducted, both internally and between itself and its immediate environment. Nor did he have proper command of Turkish, the language of the senior government officials. Thus from the outset there was a gulf between himself and the community on the one hand, and between himself and the local officials on the other hand. Members of the community were also troubled by the considerable expense involved in the appointment of Rabbi Alfandari. The Damascus community might nevertheless have borne the cost had it not been for the fact that Rabbi Alfandari became embroiled in arguments and disputes with nearly all the groups around him, both within and outside the community. The opposition to Rabbi Alfandari was of course led by Rabbi Yitshak Abulafia.

Recycling of Paper and Bulk Properties of Recycled Fiber

1992 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Silveri
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Contaminant Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Recycled Fiber ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

AbstractThere are several clear trends in the recycling of paper. Firstly, the amount of recycle is increasing and will continue to do so. Secondly, recycled fiber is being used in greater quantities. Finally the recycled fiber is being introduced into higher quality paper grades which previously did not have any recycled content.This means that on the one hand the quality of the recycled furnish is deteriorating in terms of contaminant level and strength, while on the other hand there is an increased expectation in terms of properties of the end product, the recycled fiber.The major unit operations of recycling and general principles of system design are reviewed, methods for enhancing these properties and limits which can be achieved are discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen, argon and neon in the earth’s crust with applications to cosmology

1939 ◽  
Vol 170 (943) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Atmospheric Argon ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Very High ◽  
Do So

Russell and Menzel (1933) have pointed out that neon is cosmically more abundant than argon, which latter had not at the time they wrote been detected in stars or nebulae, though the lines to be looked for are favourably placed. On the other hand, argon atoms are some 500 times more abundant in the atmosphere. They conclude that in all probability neon has escaped from the atmosphere. Since it could not do so under existing temperature conditions, the inference is that it escaped soon after the earth was separated from the sun’s mass, when the temperature was still very high. This view requires that the atmospheric argon and neon are primitive, and are not supplied to any important extent from the interior of the planet, as atmospheric helium undoubtedly is.

Filled Heat Efficient Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Alexey D. Zhukov ◽  
I.I. Popov ◽  
Igor V. Bessonov ◽  
S.P. Chernukhin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The increase of thermo-physical properties of masonry made of ceramic burnt products is possible through the use of heat-efficient ceramics and, in particular, porous building tiles. The use of combustible additives or foaming technology is related to increased energy costs and difficulties in obtaining products with uniformly distributed porosity.The analysis of the state of the technology of ceramic materials made it possible to formulate a research hypothesis according to which the use of a porous non-combustible additive in the composition of ceramic masses, on the one hand, will make it possible to obtain materials with a lower density compared to traditional ceramic products, and, on the other hand, will allow the use of hard mixtures with reduced water content, and therefore significantly save the cost of drying products, while increasing the uniformity of the porous ceramic crock.The purpose of the research was to develop recipes for ceramic porous products and to develop modes of their burning. The use of crushed foam glass as a lightweight non-burning and exhausting additive, on the one hand, made it possible to use tough ceramic mixtures (with a water content not exceeding 18%), and, on the other hand, to use more rigid and shorter drying modes, which also reduced the energy and material consumption of the technology.The most energy-intensive burning process was optimized by the methods of mathematical planning and processing of experimental results. The average density of crushed foam glass (140–150 kg/m3), optimal for the burnt product, was established, and also, as a result of analytical optimization and interpretation of the experimental results, dependencies that allow choosing parameters and evaluating product properties depending on foam glass consumption and burning temperature were obtained.

Socially Undocumented Horizons

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Amy Reed-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Innovative Action ◽  
Do So

This chapter completes the argument that “being socially undocumented” entails having a real, visible social identity by exploring possible aspects of a socially undocumented interpretive horizon. It argues that the socially undocumented interpretive horizon can be characterized in terms of resistance to a “double bind” in which socially undocumented people often find themselves. On the one hand, they often have no choice but to perform under-valued labor in the United States; failure to do so could very literally result in starvation and death. On the other hand, socially undocumented people with and without legal authorization to be in the United States are “read” as “illegals,” and subjected to demeaning, immigration-related constraints, on the very basis of performing and being associated with such labor. They are, then, faced with two highly constraining options. This chapter explores ways in which socially undocumented people take innovative action to respond to this double bind.

scholarly journals Controlar y reformar: la visita al consejo de hacienda de Lope De Los Ríos (1664-1667) = Control and Reform: The Visit to Lope de los Ríos’ the Finances Council (1664-1667).

2017 ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Milán Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Xvith Century ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

La situación de déficit financiero que atravesaba la Monarquía y la mala administración del fisco regio hicieron necesario que desde el siglo XVI se pusieran en marcha visitas al Consejo de Hacienda. El objetivo de las mismas era evitar y corregir posibles fraudes cometidos por parte de los oficiales, introducir reformas para mejorar el sistema financiero, la gestión de la administración y la reducción de costes, todo ello con el fin último de incrementar los ingresos de la Real Hacienda. Los resultados de la visita que Lope de los Ríos realiza al Consejo de Hacienda entre 1664 a 1667 cuestionaron, por un lado las labores de “buen gobierno” por parte de algunos oficiales regios y la eficacia de las visitas anteriores, y por otro lado, muestran la existencia de relaciones interpersonales entre los hombres de negocios y asentistas, además de los conflictos suscitados por el Consejo de Hacienda al rechazar ser sometido al control del Consejo de Castilla. AbstractThe deficit situation that the Monarchy was going through and the bad administration of the Royal Treasury made it necessary to put a visit to the Finances Council into action since the XVIth century. The objective of this was to avoid and to correct tax evasions from officers; to introduce reforms improving the financial system, the administration management and the cost reduction; and with that, to increase profits to the Royal Treasury. The results of the Lope de los Ríos’ visit to the Finances Council between 1664 and 1667, on the one hand, question the duties of a “bad administration” by some royal officers and the efficacy of these visits in certain occasions and, on the other hand, show the existence of interpersonal relationships between the businessmen and the contractors, in addition to the conflicts raised by the Council of Finance to reject to be subjected to review by the Council of Castile.

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