Anin situapproach to the conservation of temperate cereal crop wild relatives in the Mediterranean Basin and Asian centre of diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Phillips ◽  
Katherine Whitehouse ◽  
Nigel Maxted
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractCereal crops are one of the most widely consumed and most valuable crops for humankind. The species have been domesticated for over 10,000 years and as such have lost much of the genetic diversity that is present within their wild relatives. Future breeding efforts will require the use of genetic diversity from crop wild relatives (CWRs) to help improve our cereal crops. This study aims to identify anin situconservation network within the Mediterranean Basin and west Asia for the four cereal crops, barley (HordeumL.), oat (AvenaL.), rye (SecaleL.) and wheat (AegilopsL.,AmblyopyrumL.,TriticumL.). This region is a centre of diversity for these taxa and an area of potentially high genetic diversity, which if left unprotected will not be available for plant breeders to utilize in the future. Presence point data for a total of 90 taxa were collected from GBIF and resulted in 76,343 individual presence points across the 44 countries in the study region. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to identify potentialin situreserve networks per crop genepool and for all crops combined. Results indicate a network of 10 locations across the region which would protect over 80% of the taxa. The number one priority reserve is found within the Fertile Crescent region on the border of Israel, Syria and Jordan. This proposed reserve location contains 93 currently protected areas (i.e. National Parks) and as such, it may only be necessary to alter management plans to effectively protect CWR populations. For taxa not found within protected areasex situconservation may be more appropriate and should be implemented as a backup to thein situreserve network.

scholarly journals Genetic flow among olive populations within the Mediterranean basin

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina di Rienzo ◽  
Sara Sion ◽  
Francesca Taranto ◽  
Nunzio D’Agostino ◽  
Cinzia Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Background The olive tree is a typical crop of the Mediterranean basin where it shows a wide diversity, accounting for more than 2,600 cultivars. The ability to discriminate olive cultivars and determine their genetic variability is pivotal for an optimal exploitation of olive genetic resources. Methods We investigated the genetic diversity within 128 olive accessions belonging to four countries in the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Algeria, Syria, and Malta), with the purpose of better understanding the origin and spread of the olive genotypes across Mediterranean Basin countries. Eleven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used and proved to be very informative, producing a total of 179 alleles. Results Cluster analysis distinguished three main groups according to their geographical origin, with the current sample of Maltese accessions included in the Italian group. Phylogenetic analysis further differentiated Italian and Maltese olive accessions, clarifying the intermediate position of Maltese accessions along the x/y-axes of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Model-based and neighbor clustering, PCoA, and migration analysis suggested the existence of two different gene pools (Algerian and Syrian) and that the genetic exchange occurred between the Syrian, Italian and Maltese populations. Discussion The close relationship between Syrian and Italian and Maltese olives was consistent with the historical domestication and migration of olive tree from the North Levant to eastern Mediterranean basin. This study lays the foundations for a better understanding of olive genetic diversity in the Mediterranean basin and represents a step toward an optimal conservation and exploitation of olive genetic resources.

scholarly journals The Diversity of the Genus Diplotaxis and the Spreading of the Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Laura LAZAR ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Marin ARDELEAN ◽  
Mirela Irina CORDEA
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Underutilized Crops ◽  
Wild Rocket ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The neglected and underutilized crops are more and more advertised due to the recognition of their nutritional value. Some of these species are used as crop wild relatives in plant breeding, for the infusion of useful characters in the commercial varieties and others are used as fourth generation vegetables. Different scientific reports on their chemical composition and the benefic effect on the human health to the conclusion that the wild rocket is a desirable vegetable. This is the case of the genus Diplotaxis , with its 31 species showing a wide degree of heterogeneity in the morphology, chromosome number and geographical distribution of these species. The accessions within the genus Diplotaxis  are investigated worldwide especially D. tenuifolia and D. muralis , because there is an increasing interest in them due to the fact that they are picked or cultivated for human consumption. The origin of the genus Diplotaxis is considered the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East but its area of spreading is very wide. It was observed that the only areas that have not entered this very adaptable species are arctic and subarctic areas and East Asia. Although the species are so cosmopolitan, it is important to keep their diversity especially in the original places such as Romania for D. tenuifolia and D. muralis.

scholarly journals CROP WILD RELATIVES OF KALININGRAD PROVINCE RECOMMENDED FOR IN SITU CONSERVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Shipilina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Background. Preservation of the entire genetic diversity of the world’s flora is indispensable to the deployment of breeding practice aimed at development and improvement of the existing economically useful plant species and varieties. The in situ conservation approach is recognized as the topmost priority. Therefore, a study of crop wild relatives (CWR) in Kaliningrad Province appears vital to identify the most vulnerable species and enhance their in situ conservation.Materials and methods. Crop wild relatives occurring in Kaliningrad Province were the research target. The WIR and LE herbarium collections, published data, and results of VIR’s plant explorations undertaken in 1974 and 1983 served as the material for the research. Plant species included in the Red Data Books of Kaliningrad Province, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, etc. were analyzed, and the data from open databases (GBIF, CWR, ILDIS, etc.) and AgroAtlas maps were employed. CWR requiring special conservation measures were identified.Results and conclusions. Kaliningrad Province, Russia, is home to 324 species of CWR. Natural habitats of the 6 most vulnerable plant species were mapped: Vicia dumetorum L., Trifolium rubens L., Chrisaspis spadiceum L., Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski, Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst., and Allium vineale L. These species fall under the 1st vulnerability category.

scholarly journals Observing The Mediterranean Sea from space: 21 years of Pathfinder-AVHRR Sea Surface Temperatures (1985 to 2005). Re-analysis and validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marullo ◽  
B. Buongiorno Nardelli ◽  
M. Guarracino ◽  
R. Santoleri
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Daily Series ◽  
Avhrr Data ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. The time series of satellite infrared AVHRR data from 1985 to 2005 has been used to produce a daily series of optimally interpolated SST maps over the regular grid of the operational MFSTEP OGCM model of the Mediterranean basin. A complete validation of this OISST (Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Temperature) product with in situ measurements has been performed in order to exclude any possibility of spurious trends due to instrumental calibration errors/shifts or algorithms malfunctioning related to local geophysical factors. The validation showed that satellite OISST is able to reproduce in situ measurements with a mean bias of less than 0.1°C and RMSE of about 0.5°C and that errors do not drift with time or with the percent interpolation error.

Patterns of genetic diversity in Hepatozoon spp. infecting snakes from North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Tomé ◽  
João P. Maia ◽  
Daniele Salvi ◽  
José C. Brito ◽  
Miguel A. Carretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

scholarly journals Loss of genetic diversity as a signature of apricot domestication and diffusion into the Mediterranean Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedia Bourguiba ◽  
Jean-Marc Audergon ◽  
Lamia Krichen ◽  
Neila Trifi-Farah ◽  
Ali Mamouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin
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