An alternative way to evaluate the environmental effects of integrated pest management: Pesticide risk indicators

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Greitens ◽  
Esther Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research

AbstractThis study examines whether pesticide risk indicators can be used to evaluate the environmental effects of pesticide applications within integrated pest management (IPM) projects. Pesticide risk indicators, commonly used in European countries, are mathematical equations that consider data inputs such as application rates, toxicity levels of a pesticide's active ingredient, meteorological data, the soil characteristics of farm fields, and other information to generate potential risk scores for pesticide applications. These potential risk scores represent the best estimate of a pesticide's impact on the surrounding environment. This project analyzed eight pesticide risk indicators, developed throughout Europe and the United States, with two years of pesticide application data from four farms using IPM. This two-year study allowed for a determination of the validity and reliability of pesticide risk indicators. The findings reveal that only three pesticide risk indicators performed consistently and gave valid results. These indicators are: the synoptic evaluation model for plant protection agents (SYNOPS) indicator from Germany, the multi-attribute toxicity factor from the United States, and the environmental impact quotient from the United States. As a result, the authors recommend these three indicators for future research and for IPM evaluative efforts that emphasize the environmental effects of pesticides.

OBSERVATIONS ON NESTING BEHAVIOR AND TURRET CONSTRUCTION BY ODYNERUS DILECTUS (HYMENOPTERA: EUMENIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Schaber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Provisioning Behavior ◽  
Southern Alberta

A search is being conducted to determine the indigenous parasites and predators of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.), in Alberta (Schaber 1981). A clearer understanding of the biology of the predator Odynerus dilectus Saussure will augment control of the alfalfa weevil in an integrated pest management program.Odynerus dilectus has been recorded in the United States (Bohart et al. 1982) and in Alberta, Canada (Strickland 1947). In California, Linsley and Michener (1942) reported that females stocked their nests with small caterpillars, but Bohart et al. (1982) reported that in Utah females of O. dilectus provisioned their nests with larvae of the alfalfa weevil. This paper summarizes data about the nesting and prey-provisioning behavior of O. dilectus in southern Alberta.

Integrated pest management and weed management in the United States and Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal DK Owen ◽  
Hugh J Beckie ◽  
Julia Y Leeson ◽  
Jason K Norsworthy ◽  
Larry E Steckel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Developing Insect Pest Management Systems for Hemp in the United States: A Work in Progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
Melissa Schreiner ◽  
Kadie Britt ◽  
Thomas P Kuhar ◽  
John McPartland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Flower Buds

Abstract Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is now being grown within the United States over a much broader geographic area and for different uses than during its last period of significant production that ended after World War II. Within the past 3 yr, a large number of arthropod species have been documented to feed on hemp in the United States. Among key pest species, corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has demonstrated greatest potential for crop injury, being particularly damaging to flower buds. Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola (Farkas), and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, are the two species observed most damaging among those that suck plant fluids. Eurasian hemp borer, Grapholita delineana Walker, is widely present east of the Rocky Mountains and appears to have potential to significantly damage both flower buds and developing seeds. Numerous species of caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles chew hemp foliage; the severity of these defoliation injuries appears to be minimal, but needs further study. Similarly, numerous seed feeding hemipterans, most notably stink bugs and Lygus bugs, are regularly found in the crop but injury potential remains unclear. Some preliminary efforts have been made to develop integrated pest management strategies for these insects, particularly for corn earworm. Future research can be expected to rapidly resolve many of the data gaps that presently restrict advancing pest management on the crop. However, a major confounding issue involves the use of pesticides on hemp. Federal agencies have not yet provided clear direction on this issue, and regulatory decisions have subsequently devolved to the states.

scholarly journals U.S. Soybean Producer Perceptions and Management of Soybean Rust in the United States under the USDA Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Information Platform

Recent survey data are examined to improve current understanding of the factors that help to determine the value of information reported on a website that serves as the centerpiece of the USDA's “Soybean Rust Integrated Pest Management—Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education.” Respondents’ initial beliefs about their chances of experiencing a rust outbreak are shown to affect the likelihood that soybean producers will visit the website and change their management of fungicide use as a result.

scholarly journals Pest Information Markets and Integrated Pest Management

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Information Markets ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Supply Information

Integrated pest management (IPM) programs vary from employing field scouts to planting trap crops, as inputs in production, to control crop losses. Scouts provide pest information, helping to determine the need for pesticide applications. This increased information may indicate a reduction of periodic application, which would diminish the negative external effects that such treatments have on environmental quality.Recent research in this area has determined the need for pest information (Regev et al.) and the rationale for established information markets (Feder). Currently, such sources exist throughout the United States, and both public and private consultants supply information to agricultural producers.

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