3D imaging by fast deconvolution algorithm in short-range UWB radar for concealed weapon detection

A fast imaging algorithm for real-time use in short-range (ultra-wideband) radar with synthetic or real-array aperture is proposed. The reflected field is presented here as a convolution of the target reflectivity and point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system. To obtain a focused 3D image, the proposed algorithm deconvolves the PSF out from the acquired data volume with high speed due to fast Fourier transform and implementation in frequency-wavenumber domain. Then the result is tested against two numerical criteria for efficiency, namely error and instability, whose optimal values can be obtained iteratively. Since the PSF differs with distance, the algorithm suits mainly applications with relatively small objects such as concealed weapon detection. Using several PSFs allows us to image a certain range of interest by their successive deconvolution from the same data. Performance of the algorithm has been evaluated experimentally and compared with that of Kirchhoff migration. Measurements were carried out by a 5–25 GHz synthetic aperture radar in the lab, and scenarios included a gun and a ceramic knife in free space, on a large metal plate, and a gun concealed on a dummy under a thick raincoat. The results demonstrate sufficient image quality obtained in a fraction of time.