“Beyond Mobistar” – Assessment of the Deterrent Effect of Direct Charges to Telephone Subscribers under Article 30(2) of the Universal Service Directive

Article 30(2) of Directive 2002/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on universal service and users’ rights relating to electronic communications networks and services (Universal Service Directive [USD]) is to be interpreted as obliging the national regulatory authority to take account of the costs incurred by mobile telephone network operators in implementing the number portability service when it assesses whether the direct charge to subscribers for the use of that service is a disincentive. However, it retains the power to fix the maximum amount of that charge levied by operators at a level below the costs incurred by them, when a charge calculated only on the basis of those costs is liable to dissuade users from making use of the portability facility (official headnote).

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The President of the Office of Electronic Communications as a national regulatory authority of the telecommunication sector in Poland

International Journal of Regulation and Governance ◽

10.3233/ijr-120074 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 69-85

Author(s):

Monika Przybylska

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Authority ◽

Telecommunication Sector ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

National Regulatory Authority

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New Approaches to Network and Information Security Regulation: The EU Telecoms Package

Computer Law Review International ◽

10.9785/ovs-cri-2010-43 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lukas Feiler

Keyword(s):

Risk Mitigation ◽

Fundamental Problem ◽

Personal Data ◽

Security Measures ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Communications Networks ◽

Security Breaches ◽

National Regulatory Authority ◽

New Policies ◽

The Eu

AbstractThe ePrivacyDirective and the FrameworkDirective as amended by the EU Telecoms Package introduce, for the first time, obligations for providers of public communications networks and for providers of publicly available electronic communications services to notify certain personal data security breaches and certain network security breaches to subscribers, individuals concerned, and/or the competent national (regulatory) authority. This paper analyzes the conditions under which different types of security breaches will have to be notified and to whom this notification will have to be addressed. The paper will conclude with a riskbased assessment of these new security breach notification requirements, examining to what extent they not only allow users to take corrective security measures and regulators to make informed policy choices, but also to what extent the new policies address the fundamental problem of the misalignment of risk and risk mitigation capability.

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CYBERSECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: A RETROSPECTIVE FOR THE PERIOD 2015-2020

Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.52326/jss.utm.2021.4(1).10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol IV(1) ◽

Author(s):

Dinu Turcanu ◽

◽

Natalia Spinu ◽

Serghei Popovici ◽

Tatiana Turcanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Personal Data ◽

Economic Life ◽

Security Threat ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Communications Networks ◽

Republic Of Moldova ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact

The process of implementing information technologies in all areas of economic, political, social life, etc. in the Republic of Moldova has also determined the evolution of cybercrime. New “virtual” dimensions of national infrastructure are being formed, which are becoming more and more important for local and international politics. As a result, in recent years it has been found that computer systems, networks and data are being used more and more frequently for criminal purposes, and the materials that could be evidence of these crimes are also stored and transmitted through these networks by perpetrators. Cybercrime, espionage, propaganda, diversion and excessive exploitation of personal data through electronic communications networks are used as basic tools at all stages of designing a hybrid security threat. Cyberspace-specific threats are characterized by asymmetry and accentuated dynamics and global character, which makes them difficult to identify and counteracted by measures proportional to the impact of the materialization of risks. Moldova is currently facing threats from cyberspace at the address of critical infrastructures, given the increasing interdependence between cyber infrastructures and infrastructures such as those in the financial banking, transport, energy and national defense sectors. The globality of cyberspace is likely to amplify the risks to them by affecting both the sector to the same extent private as well as public. Threats to cyberspace can be classified in several ways, but the most commonly used are those based on motivational factors and the impact on society. In the prevailing conditions cybersecurity is becoming one of the most important areas for ensuring internal security and the effective operation of state institutions in all spheres of social and economic life.

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Exploring Trust Building Mechanisms in Global B2B Electronic Markets

Utilizing Information Technology in Developing Strategic Alliances Among Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-893-2.ch003 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 59-73

Author(s):

Ana Rosa del Aguila-Obra ◽

Antonio Padilla-Melendez

Keyword(s):

Price Competition ◽

Electronic Markets ◽

Trust Building ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Communications Networks ◽

Strategic Role ◽

Business To Business ◽

Organizational Cooperation ◽

Role Of Information

There have been numerous studies about business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce and market structure, most of them analyzing the relationships between buyers and sellers and the role of intermediaries. This research is based mainly on earlier papers about the role of information technology (IT) and electronic communications networks in the companies’ relationships. The use of these computerized inter-organizational networks leads to lower transaction costs, which encourages the development of electronic markets, where there is a severe price competition and greater buyer choice. In this chapter, we analyze the development of global B2B electronic markets and if these markets are becoming a way of improving trust between organizations at an international level, increasing, therefore, the inter-organizational cooperation among them. Based on the literature review and on the analysis of some global electronic markets, we define and describe these platforms, stressing the strategic role of each of the principal participating actors. Furthermore, we propose a model to explain the trust-related sources of competitive advantage for the new intermediaries in electronic markets and compare those with the off-line market’s characteristics. In addition, some propositions related with the trust-building mechanisms are defined.

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The Use of Placebos in Clinical Trials for Acute Schizophrenia

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379504000403 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Donald Addington

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Authority ◽

Literature Search ◽

Drug Evaluation ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Antipsychotic Medications ◽

Ethical Justification ◽

Official Position ◽

Acute Relapse ◽

National Regulatory Authority ◽

Canadian Studies

This review examines the scientific and ethical justification for the use of randomized concurrent placebo-controlled trials in the treatment of acute relapse in chronic, schizophrenia. A literature search was conducted, and the national regulatory authority was consulted. Many placebo-controlled studies of acute or chronic schizophrenia are being published and it is the official position of both the Canadian and US regulatory authorities that such studies are required for both scientific and ethical reasons. The specific strengths and limitations of placebo-controlled studies are reviewed. Examples, drawn from Canadian studies, are presented to illustrate their benefits. It is concluded that the use of placebos in the particular situation of acute or chronic schizophrenia is ethically and scientifically justified. It forms an essential component of a comprehensive drug evaluation for new antipsychotic medications.

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Role of the national regulatory authority for vaccines

International Journal of Health Governance ◽

10.1108/ijhg-04-2017-0017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 128-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Norman W. Baylor

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Authority ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

World Health ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Content Type ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Expert Review ◽

Regulatory Authorities ◽

National Regulatory Authority

Purpose Before vaccines are marketed and used, they must be evaluated and approved by a national regulatory authority (NRA). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the NRA in the USA responsible for overseeing and regulating the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of vaccines. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Expert review. Findings Developed countries have established governmental regulatory agencies to review and determine the safety and effectiveness of vaccines to ensure that the manufacture, sale, and use of vaccines are adequately regulated. However, even today, many developing countries do not have established NRAs. Furthermore, despite similarities, there are still substantial differences in how regulatory authorities in different countries perform minimum functions required for effective regulation of pharmaceutical products, including vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO), although not a governmental NRA, uses a consultative approach involving its Expert Committee on Biological Standardization and Biologicals Unit to develop regulatory criteria and identify and consolidate current consensus opinions on key regulatory issues. It is through this approach that WHO informs NRAs on the necessary scientific background required to assess and advise on optimal regulatory approaches and methodologies. This paper will focus on the evolution of the US FDA and its role in regulation of vaccines to illustrate the function of a vaccine NRA. Originality/value Vaccines are an important resource for protecting people and communities from the mortality and morbidity associated with many infectious diseases. The assessment, licensure, control and surveillance of vaccines are the responsibilities of government regulatory authorities.

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Requirements of EU law enforcement agencies for lawful interception of information in electronic communications networks

INFORMATION AND LAW ◽

10.37750/2616-6798.2021.3(38).243815 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

S. КOKIZA ◽

V. STEPANOV

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Communication Networks ◽

Electronic Communication ◽

Eu Law ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Communications Networks ◽

Normative Documents ◽

Lawful Interception ◽

The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of regulatory and legal acts and normative documents of the EU on information interception in electronic communication networks in the context of preparation of technical regulations of the united system of technical means.

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