Regulation of electronic communications networks and services in the UK — Part I

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-455
Author(s):  
Andrew Sharpe ◽  
Charles Russell
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals CYBERSECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: A RETROSPECTIVE FOR THE PERIOD 2015-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol IV(1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinu Turcanu ◽  
◽  
Natalia Spinu ◽  
Serghei Popovici ◽  
Tatiana Turcanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The process of implementing information technologies in all areas of economic, political, social life, etc. in the Republic of Moldova has also determined the evolution of cybercrime. New “virtual” dimensions of national infrastructure are being formed, which are becoming more and more important for local and international politics. As a result, in recent years it has been found that computer systems, networks and data are being used more and more frequently for criminal purposes, and the materials that could be evidence of these crimes are also stored and transmitted through these networks by perpetrators. Cybercrime, espionage, propaganda, diversion and excessive exploitation of personal data through electronic communications networks are used as basic tools at all stages of designing a hybrid security threat. Cyberspace-specific threats are characterized by asymmetry and accentuated dynamics and global character, which makes them difficult to identify and counteracted by measures proportional to the impact of the materialization of risks. Moldova is currently facing threats from cyberspace at the address of critical infrastructures, given the increasing interdependence between cyber infrastructures and infrastructures such as those in the financial banking, transport, energy and national defense sectors. The globality of cyberspace is likely to amplify the risks to them by affecting both the sector to the same extent private as well as public. Threats to cyberspace can be classified in several ways, but the most commonly used are those based on motivational factors and the impact on society. In the prevailing conditions cybersecurity is becoming one of the most important areas for ensuring internal security and the effective operation of state institutions in all spheres of social and economic life.

Critical Issues and Implications of Digital TV Transition

2009 ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
In-Sook Jung
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Digital Tv ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Member States ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Transition Issues ◽  
The U.S

Since the inception of digital terrestrial TV (DTT) in the United Kingdom on September 23, 1998, many countries have developed keen interests in this changing landscape of digital television. Soon after, the U.S. also started DTT on November 1, 1998, and other countries such as Germany, France, Japan, and Korea would join the technological trend. Most countries are scheduling the transition of analog TV into digital TV by around 2010 (Table 1). In the digitalization process, each government has two main concerns; one is about when the conversion from analog to digital TV (DTV) is scheduled, and the other is about how smoothly the schedule is completed. While the U.S. currently set analog switch-off for February 17, 2009, the European Commission has planned that switchover from analog TV should be completed in Member States by 2012. The spectrum plans of Member States in the EU said to be flexible enough to allow the introduction of other electronic communications services, along with DTT (Indepen, Ovum, & Fathom, 2005). According to EU Directive, the UK is planning to finish the switchover in 2012 and Germany in 2010. In Asia, South Korea is expected to be completed in 2010, Japan in 2011, and China in 2015. Unlike government-announced timetables, each country has some difficulties in keeping for the transition process so that the successful conversion within the scheduled timeline may not be possible. Thus, this article first examines which kinds of problems and alternatives are emerging in the policy process for DTV transition in several countries. Secondly, it attempts to find the global implication from what sorts of DTV transition issues are observed in most countries and from how they are broaching the problems of existing regulation systems and the social conflicts among stockholders, especially in Asian countries.

23. Particular sectors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1019-1055
Author(s):  
Richard Whish ◽  
David Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Competition Law ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This chapter deals with four issues. First it will briefly examine three sectors of the economy that are wholly or partly excluded from EU competition law, namely nuclear energy, military equipment and agriculture; the special regime that once existed for coal and steel products under the former European Coal and Steel Community (‘the ECSC’) Treaty is also mentioned in passing. Secondly, it will explain the application of the EU competition rules apply to the transport sector. Thirdly, the chapter will consider the specific circumstances of four so-called ‘regulated industries’, electronic communications, post, energy and water, where a combination of legislation, regulation and competition law seek to promote competition. Last, but by no means least, the current debate concerning digital platforms is discussed where it is likely that ex ante regulatory rules will be introduced, both in the EU and the UK, to address concerns about anti-competitive conduct and a tendency towards the monopolisation of markets.

Exploring Trust Building Mechanisms in Global B2B Electronic Markets

2006 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Ana Rosa del Aguila-Obra ◽  
Antonio Padilla-Melendez
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Electronic Markets ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Organizational Cooperation ◽  
Role Of Information

There have been numerous studies about business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce and market structure, most of them analyzing the relationships between buyers and sellers and the role of intermediaries. This research is based mainly on earlier papers about the role of information technology (IT) and electronic communications networks in the companies’ relationships. The use of these computerized inter-organizational networks leads to lower transaction costs, which encourages the development of electronic markets, where there is a severe price competition and greater buyer choice. In this chapter, we analyze the development of global B2B electronic markets and if these markets are becoming a way of improving trust between organizations at an international level, increasing, therefore, the inter-organizational cooperation among them. Based on the literature review and on the analysis of some global electronic markets, we define and describe these platforms, stressing the strategic role of each of the principal participating actors. Furthermore, we propose a model to explain the trust-related sources of competitive advantage for the new intermediaries in electronic markets and compare those with the off-line market’s characteristics. In addition, some propositions related with the trust-building mechanisms are defined.

New Approaches to Network and Information Security Regulation: The EU Telecoms Package

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Feiler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
National Regulatory Authority ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe ePrivacyDirective and the FrameworkDirective as amended by the EU Telecoms Package introduce, for the first time, obligations for providers of public communications networks and for providers of publicly available electronic communications services to notify certain personal data security breaches and certain network security breaches to subscribers, individuals concerned, and/or the competent national (regulatory) authority. This paper analyzes the conditions under which different types of security breaches will have to be notified and to whom this notification will have to be addressed. The paper will conclude with a riskbased assessment of these new security breach notification requirements, examining to what extent they not only allow users to take corrective security measures and regulators to make informed policy choices, but also to what extent the new policies address the fundamental problem of the misalignment of risk and risk mitigation capability.

scholarly journals Requirements of EU law enforcement agencies for lawful interception of information in electronic communications networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
S. КOKIZA ◽  
V. STEPANOV
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Lawful Interception ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of regulatory and legal acts and normative documents of the EU on information interception in electronic communication networks in the context of preparation of technical regulations of the united system of technical means.

Information and Trading on Electronic Communications Networks

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Barclay ◽  
Terrence Hendershott ◽  
D. Timothy McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communications Networks

1. Introduction to the law of contract

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier ◽  
Jill Poole
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common European Sales Law

Course-focused and comprehensive, Poole’s Textbook on Contract Law provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. Contracts are legally enforceable agreements intended for planned exchanges that are regulated by the principles of contract law. This chapter looks at some of the main theories underpinning the development of English contract law and examines the nature of contractual liability. Contractual obligations arise largely from party agreement and this distinguishes contractual liability from liability in tort. Given the continued relevance of English law in a globalized world (in spite of the UK exiting the European Union), this chapter also briefly introduces the various attempts to produce a set of harmonized principles such as the Common European Sales Law, along with the impact of other international developments including the growth in e-commerce and electronic communications. Moreover, the chapter analyses the most significant European directives and their effect on the development of English contract law, especially in the context of consumer contracts. The implementation of these European directives has resulted in the introduction of the concept of ‘good faith’ into English contract law. Given the increasing importance of good faith as a concept, especially when in the context of ‘a relational contract’, the chapter gives detailed discussion on the scope of and application of good faith in performance of the contract. Finally, the chapter considers the implementation of the Consumer Rights Directive in a number of statutory instruments and the Consumer Rights Act 2015.

Electronic communications and communities

Antiquity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (274) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Barriers To Communication ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Web

The barriers to communication between scholars and between scholars and the public have been falling as the Internet has grown. Although most of the publicity goes to the web, surveys show that the email is used by more people. Since it is based on characters rather than graphics, bandwidth and modem speed are less problematic than they are for web pages. In addition, while the web is the best way to disseminate information on the internet, electronic conferences and newsgroups are still the best way to interact on the internet. Electronic conferences for archaeologists began in 1986 when Sebastian Rahtz and Kris Lockyear created the ‘Archaeological Information Exchange.’ Four years later AIE begat ARCH-L and the number of archaeologists participating has grown steadily. Today ARCH-L has about 1800 subscribers in 44 different countries; most subscribers are in the US and the UK. ARCH-L now averages about 16 messages a day; just under 3000 messages were posted in the first 6 months of 1997. In addition to ARCH-L, there now are at least 40 other electronic conferences and newsgroups covering different aspects of archaeology.

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