scholarly journals Global mental health and psychiatric institutions in the 21st century

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cohen ◽  
H. Minas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, psychiatric institutions were the focus of thousands of articles in the leading English-language medical and psychiatric journals. This area of concern remained important through the first half of the 20th century, with some decline in the number of published articles in the second half of the 20th century as de-institutionalisation gathered pace. The number of articles about this topic has declined sharply in the past 25 years, and psychiatric institutions are not the focus of any of the Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health even though psychiatric institutions of all kinds are widely acknowledged to be the among the main sites of human rights abuses. In this commentary we present examples of impressive transformations of institutions in Sri Lanka and Vietnam, and suggest that the field of global mental health should devote more of its efforts to improving the lives of persons with mental disorders who have been incarcerated in a variety of settings, often under the care of mental health specialists.

scholarly journals Global mental health should engage with the ethics of involuntary admission

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisha N. Wickremsinhe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Involuntary Admission ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Psychosocial Disability

AbstractGlobal mental health, as a field, has focused on both increasing access to mental health services and promoting human rights. Amidst many successes in engaging with and addressing various human rights violations affecting individuals living with psychosocial disabilities, one human rights challenge remains under-discussed: involuntary inpatient admission for psychiatric care. Global mental health ought to engage proactively with the debate on the ethics of involuntary admission and work to develop a clear position, for three reasons. Firstly, the field promotes models of mental healthcare that are likely to include involuntary admission. Secondly, the field aligns much of its human rights framework with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which opposes the discriminatory use of involuntary admission on the basis of psychosocial disability or impairment. Finally, global mental health, as a field, is uniquely positioned to offer novel contributions to this long-standing debate in clinical ethics by collecting data and conducting analyses across settings. Global mental health should take up involuntary admission as a priority area of engagement, applying its own orientation toward research and advocacy in order to explore the dimensions of when, if ever, involuntary admission may be permissible. Such work stands to offer meaningful contributions to the challenge of involuntary admission.

scholarly journals Update on Bolognese surgeon Dr. Benedetto Schiassi: the importance of Schiassi’s tentorium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Federico Coccolini ◽  
Salomone Di Saverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The 19Th Century

Risk of infection remains a major concern for surgeons. The expansion of surgery towards the end of the 19th century determined a noticeable increase in septicemia and gangrene, and surgeons developed various techniques to limit them. In a previous publication, we reminded our readers of one of the gems of Italian surgery, Dr. Giuseppe Ruggi, who operated in Bologna from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. To him we owe the introduction and dissemination of the antiseptic method in Bologna. His scientific activity continued with Dr. Benedetto Schiassi, his successor. The techniques used to avoid microbial contamination by the Italian surgeon Dr. Schiassi, are particularly interesting, as Schiassi’s tentorium is still useful. Despite advances in surgical technologies, many innovations to prevent infection in surgery proposed in the past are still relevant today.

scholarly journals Development of hospital treatment of persons with mental disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milutin Nenadovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Discordances of harmonic mental functioning are as old as the human kind. Psychopathological behaviour of an individual in the past was not treated as an illness. That means that psychopathology was not considered an illness. In all past civilizations discordance of mental harmony of an individual is interpreted from the physiological aspect. Psychopathologic expression was not considered an illness, so social attitudes about psychiatric patients in the past were non-medical and generally speaking inhuman. Hospitals did not follow development of medicine for admission of psychiatric patients in past civilizations, not even in the antique era. According to historic sources, the first hospital that was meant for mental patients only was established in the 15th century, 1409 in Valencia (Spain). Therefore mental patients were isolated in a special institution-hospital, and social community rejected them. Only in the new era psychopathological behavior begins to be treated as an illness. Therefore during the 19th century psychiatry is developed as a special branch of medicine, and mental disorder is more and more seen according to the principals of interpretation of physical illnesses. By the middle of the 19th century psychiatric hospitals are humanized, and patients are being less physically restricted. Deinstitutialisation in protection of mental health is the heritage of reforms from the beginning of the 19th century which regarded the prevention of mental health protection. It was necessary to develop institutions of the prevention of protection in the community which would primarily have social support and characteristics.

Human Rights and Global Mental Health: Reducing the Use of Coercive Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Kelso R. Cratsley ◽  
Marisha N. Wickremsinhe ◽  
Tim K. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Coercive Measures

scholarly journals Rights as Relationships: Collaborating with Faith Healers in Community Mental Health in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula M. Read
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Mental Health Workers ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Professional Duty ◽  
Moral Landscape ◽  
Approach Working

AbstractThis paper explores the ways in which mental health workers think through the ethics of working with traditional and faith healers in Ghana. Despite reforms along the lines advocated by global mental health, including rights-based legislation and the expansion of community-based mental health care, such healers remain popular resources for treatment and mechanical restraint and other forms of coercion commonplace. As recommended in global mental health policy, mental health workers are urged to form collaborations with healers to prevent human rights abuses and promote psychiatric alternatives for treatment. However, precisely how such collaborations might be established is seldom described. This paper draws on ethnographic research to investigate how mental health workers approach working with healers and the moral imagination which informs their relationship. Through an analysis of trainee mental health workers’ encounters with a Prophet and his patients, the paper reveals how mental health workers attempt to negotiate the tensions between their professional duty of care, their Christian faith, and the authority of healers. I argue that, rather than enforcing legal prohibitions, mental health workers seek to avoid confrontation and manouver within existing hierarchies, thereby preserving sentiments of obligation and reciprocity within a shared moral landscape and established forms of sociality.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities in global mental health: a perspective from WHO

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Global Exchange

This paper enumerates and briefly discusses WHO’s recent contributions to global mental health and the current challenges and opportunities in this area. It briefly discusses response to diversity across countries and communities, the need for innovations and global exchange of information, evidence and knowledge and raises issues like psychological interventions and human rights related to mental health.

Human rights in community psychiatry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevra Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Health It ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
United Nations Convention

This chapter examines the increased concern for human rights within the global mental health policy agenda and considers what value human rights might add in relation to the use of coercion in community mental health. It describes the position underlying the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and compares it with the more radical approach of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). While the CRPD might be more challenging to mental health professionals, it contains within its principles that the wishes and preferences of the person be centre stage and as such deserve to be taken seriously in the provision of community mental health care.

Predicting the past

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Trudgill ◽  
Elizabeth Gordon
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
American English ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
English Canadian

The division of the world’s Englishes into rhotic and non-rhotic types is clearly due to the fact that the former are conservative in not having undergone loss of non-prevocalic /r/, whereas the latter have. The beginnings of the loss of non-prevocalic /r/ in English have generally been dated by historians of the language to the 18th century. It is therefore obvious, and has been widely accepted, that Irish English, Canadian English, and American English are predominantly rhotic because the English language was exported to these colonial areas before the loss of rhoticity in England began; and that the Southern Hemisphere Englishes are non-rhotic because English was exported to these areas in the 19th century after the loss of rhoticity. Analysing newly-discovered data from Australia, we present some surprising evidence that shows that this obvious conclusion is incorrect.

Skabelsen af fortiden i Kigali Genocide Memorial Center

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Amy Sodaro
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Memorial Museums ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Creation

Emerging from the extremely violent 20th century, memorial museums are a new form of commemoration, created to both commemorate and educate about past genocide, human rights abuses and other injustices with the goal of instilling in their visitors an ethic of “never again.” However, these ambitious goals are often compromised by the politics behind the creation of memorial museums. The focus of this paper is on the ways in which memorial museums produce history according to the dictates, needs and desires of the regimes that build them, using the example of the Kigali Genocide Memorial Center in Rwanda. Despite the fact that the Kigali Center commemorates the 1994 Rwandan genocide using the increasingly familiar, global memorial museum form, it reveals much more about current Rwandan politics and the government’s hopes for the future of Rwanda than it does confront the terrible past.

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