scholarly journals Update on Bolognese surgeon Dr. Benedetto Schiassi: the importance of Schiassi’s tentorium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Federico Coccolini ◽  
Salomone Di Saverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The 19Th Century

Risk of infection remains a major concern for surgeons. The expansion of surgery towards the end of the 19th century determined a noticeable increase in septicemia and gangrene, and surgeons developed various techniques to limit them. In a previous publication, we reminded our readers of one of the gems of Italian surgery, Dr. Giuseppe Ruggi, who operated in Bologna from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. To him we owe the introduction and dissemination of the antiseptic method in Bologna. His scientific activity continued with Dr. Benedetto Schiassi, his successor. The techniques used to avoid microbial contamination by the Italian surgeon Dr. Schiassi, are particularly interesting, as Schiassi’s tentorium is still useful. Despite advances in surgical technologies, many innovations to prevent infection in surgery proposed in the past are still relevant today.

scholarly journals Foreign Layer of the Chuvash Book

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Alena Mikhajlovna Ivanova ◽  
Eduard Valentinovich Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Parallel Texts

The article is devoted to the consideration of extraterritorial publications on the Chuvash theme. The purpose of the work is to identify the essential features of the foreign layer of the Chuvash book. The conclusions of the work are based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bibliographic indexes and a direct study of the books themselves de visu. The authors of the article consider foreign books as an important component of modern Chuvash culture, endowed with communicative, cognitive-cumulative, ethno-presentative and educational functions. Extraterritorial editions of the Chuvash book appeared in the first half of the 19th century, and only by the end of the 20th century they formed an independent layer. At the same time, one should objectively speak of two exteriorics – the Chuvash and by the poet G. Aygi. Each of them is represented by almost 150 publications. The predominant problematic of the foreign language layer of the Chuvash book proper is the Chuvash language. Moreover, its notable aspect is the publication of books in the Chuvash language or their publication with parallel texts in Sweden and Turkey. G. Aygi’s foreign publications are already represented by collections of poems in Russian, published by the publishing house of the artist N. Dronnikov in France. This work is a publication that should provide an introduction to the scientific use of literature that has not yet become the property of the Chuvash Studies. Its task is to promote the full functioning of modern Chuvash science in conjunction with the world one. The authors come to the conclusion that, in general, the foreign layer of the Chuvash book has an enduring value, and many of the scientific publications published in the past are rightly elevated to the rank of classical ones by the scientists.

Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly van Doorn-Harder
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Research on the Copts of Egypt has developed especially rapidly in new directions during the past twenty years. Having started as a corollary of Egyptology, it is advancing from the study of the early Christian centuries to include medieval, early modern, and contemporary Coptic Studies. Concurrently, Coptic issues are being inserted into studies of Egypt in general. Publications on the 19th century mostly ignored Copts, but they were given stereotypical cameo appearances in the prolific research on the profound transformations in 20th-century Egyptian society.

scholarly journals Die Entwicklung der Homöopathie in den Vereinigten Staaten

Gesnerus ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Josef M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

After an enormous spread in the United States of America during the 19th century homeopathy had almost completely vanished from the scene by the beginning of the 20th century. For the past two decades, however, it seems once again to experience a kind of renaissance. Major aspects of this development—in terms of medical and cultural history, sociology, politics, and economics—are illustrated on the basis of a general history of homeopathy in the United States. Using original sources, a first attempt is made to reconstruct the history of homeopathy in San Francisco which has some institutional peculiarities that make it unique within the whole country.

scholarly journals HUTAN JATI BERKALUNG BESI: PENGANGKUTAN KAYU JATI DI JAWA PADA AKHIR ABAD KE-19 DAN AWAL ABAD KE-20

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Warto Warto
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

Teak forests became one of the important resources in Java in the past. Teak forests did not only provide economic benefits for residents to fulfill their daily needs but also provided other benefits, especially in stabilizing the forest environment. However, the condition began to change when the teak forests exploited. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the environmental teak forests experienced degradation and deforestation that was difficult to control. The presence of teak logging companies at the end of the 19th century became the starting point of the accelerated deforestation. In running a business, they used modern tools that can simplify the process of harvesting and be transporting of teakwood. Some of the modern tools called trams and trains which were used to carry teak logs from the forests to shelters and ports. By utilizing modern transportation, teak woods can be transported quickly, accurately and massively. This paper shows that the opening of tram and train rail road’s in teak forests in addition to facilitating the transportation of goods and people, also led to the improvement and expansion of teak massive deforestation.

scholarly journals Heute wie vor hundert Jahren: Laufkäfer sind die Hauptbeute des Grossen Mausohrs (Myotis myotis) | Today and a hundred years ago: Carabid beetles are the main prey of the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis)

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
Claude E. Steck ◽  
René Güttinger
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Central European ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

The faeces of an extinct colony of the greater mouse-eared bat,(Myotis myotis), were found in the church of Tegerfelden (NWSwitzerland)). The faeces could be dated to the end of the 19th century (around 1880). This find provided us with a unique opportunity to study the diet of the greater mouse-eared bat,and to compare the past and current diet of this species. Today,central European greater mouse-eared bats mainly hunt in forests, and carabid beetles (Carabidae) are their most important category of prey. In this study, we investigated whether this specialisation is caused by the changes to the landscape that took place during the second half of the 20th century, or if this bat species already exhibited a similar specialisation in the 19th century (loss of biodiversity, especially in open landscapes).

scholarly journals Literacka historia ołowiu. Rekonesans

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-146
Author(s):  
Marta Tomczok
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article offers an overview and preliminary arrangements of literary texts, chosen paintings and films (most of them from the past three centuries) which feature the motif of lead. The presence of lead as a symbol has been detected in poetry which treated the problem of war and peace; occasionally this use of lead has occurred in relation to printing, typesetting, and – less frequently – children’s toys. Much more often the motif of lead has been used in literary works to introduce the topic of melancholia and to express artists’ interest in alchemy. An analysis of literary prose at the turn of the 20th century related to zinc and lead metallurgy shows that lead did not occur in the context of mining, chemistry, and medicine until the 19th century. On the basis of studies of the press, historical literature, and contemporary reportage, the article shows the toxic nature of lead and its harmful effect on people and the environment, about which artists and authors try to warn the public at the turn of the 21st century. The article shows that the parallel between melancholia and saturnism is a well-documented phenomenon.

scholarly journals Współczesne białoruskie, polskie i rosyjskie badania biograficzne dotyczące dziejów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w XIX wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Roman Jurkowski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
State Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Biography ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important People ◽  
The 19Th Century

Common past of Belarusians, Poles and Russians create the history of the Eastern lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Historical biographical dictionaries play an important role in studies of the historians from these lands. The article discusses 4 Belarusian, 3 Polish and 2 Russian biographical dictionaries describing important people from the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In this article, two encyclopedias devoted to the Russian State Duma and the State Council reformed after 1906 were also assessed. The whole article shows the meaning of the historical biography in the progress of the scientific research over the past ages.

scholarly journals Editorial

Robotica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-640
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
The 19Th Century

The connection between geometry and mechanics goes back a long way perhaps even as far back as Archimedes. In the 19th century, at the height of the industrial revolution, many of the prominent mathematicians of the day, Chebyshev, Darboux and Sylvester to name just a few, were studying the geometry of mechanisms and machines. Some of the foundations of modern geometry date back to this period, although it is difficult to tell this from a reading of modern texts in geometry. For most of the 20th century, however, this connection was largely ignored by mathematicians and engineers. But the past few years have seen an increasing number of mathematicians looking at geometrical problems in robotics. A few of them have published their work in robotics journals but most have been content to publish their work in maths journals or at specialised conferences. This special issue of Robotica seeks to expose some of this work to a more general robotics audience and begin a mutually beneficial discussion between the mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers. The idea is to present some of the more advanced material in this area to demonstrate to the wider robotics community the power, range and sophistication of these modern ideas. It is hoped that this special issue will show that modern mathematical techniques have a great deal to offer for the practising engineers. Also that many problems in engineering can give rise to interesting and sophisticated mathematics.

scholarly journals Soviet Culture in the 1920s—30s:In Search of Methodological Orienting Points

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
V.V. Glebkin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article proposes methodological tools for describing Soviet culture of the 1920s—30s and its relation to Russian culture at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The author reveals the heterogeneity of Soviet culture in this period and distinguishes between the following two 'cultural flows' with significantly different worldview and axiological characteristics: 1) radical intelligentsia (intellectuals) and 2) workers and peasants. Basic characteristics of the former flow are: goaloriented rational attitude, love for the people and anti Philistinism, a defiant break with the past, and internationalism that is reflected in its extreme form in the idea of world revolution; the ones of the latter flow are: contextual character of thinking, the absence of an attitude towards rational planning of one's activity, conformist worldviews, dislike for 'old' intelligentsia. This paper shows that many concrete transformations of Soviet culture which took place over the decade between the 1920s 30s (and which gave ground to some researchers to speak of two completely different types of culture) are related with the change of dominant cultural flows, that is, with the transition from the first cultural flow to the second.

scholarly journals Entre rêverie et authenticité – une immersion dans l’Égypte Ancienne avec le peintre Stefan Bakałowicz

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Valentin Boyer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century

Entre rêverie et authenticité – une immersion dans l’Égypte Ancienne avec le peintre Stefan Bakałowicz This article consists of a study of two Egyptian paintings of the Russian-Polish painter Stefan Bakalowicz (1857-1947). The study seeks to establish the degree of authenticity and credibility of the represented patterns by finding the sources of archaeological inspiration — both in European Egyptian collections and in the Egyptological works used by artists in the 19th century — which inspired (or could potentially inspire) Bakalowicz to carry out the staging and reconstruction of ancient Egypt. Furthermore, the study focuses on Bakalowicz’s artistic approach and bias as a representative of the late Academicism at the turn of the 20th century. This research is based on the study of the arrangement, choice, and evocative scope of particular patterns as well as the role of fantasy in the service of a theatrical staging of the past Egypt. It also aims to discern elements relating to Egyptomania, Orientalism or even pure academism.

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