Differences in selectivity between bermudagrass and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to low-rate topramezone and metribuzin combinations

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John R. Brewer ◽  
Whitnee L.B. Askew ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] remains problematic for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf managers due to the ineffective, selective control of mature plants with available POST herbicides and lack of sufficient residual activity from those herbicides to control seedling plants. Topramezone controls mature E. indica, but past efforts to suppress potential injury to bermudagrass turf have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that metribuzin at 210 g ai ha−1 in admixture with topramezone would improve bermudagrass tolerance while conserving mature E. indica control. In preliminary field studies, metribuzin mixed with topramezone at 1.2 or 2.5 g ae ha−1 applied twice at a 3-wk interval reduced bermudagrass injury and white discoloration compared to topramezone applied alone, but metribuzin did not safen bermudagrass to mesotrione. Topramezone at 3.7 g ha−1 plus 210 g ha−1 metribuzin applied twice at a 3-wk interval offered improved bermudagrass tolerance while it still controlled mature E. indica during fifteen field and two greenhouse studies in Virginia. This program offered a 10-fold decrease in suprathreshold duration of white-discoloration compared to topramezone alone at 6.1 g ha−1. Bermudagrass absorbed three times less radioactivity than E. indica at timings up to 48 h after treatment with 14C-topramezone. Bermudagrass also metabolized twice as much topramezone compared to E. indica at 48 h after treatment. Metribuzin reduced 14C absorption by approximately 25% in both species. These studies confirm the performance of a novel, low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin program for mature E. indica control in bermudagrass turf, and suggest that selectivity between bermudagrass and E. indica to topramezone is due to differential absorption and metabolism. The fact that metribuzin reduces topramezone absorption in both species suggests that it may help reduce bermudagrass phytotoxic response to topramezone, but its role in altering selectivity between bermudagrass and E. indica may be due to other factors.

Mature Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf with a Metribuzin–Diclofop Combination

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy K. Nishimoto ◽  
Charles L. Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field studies were conducted to determine if metribuzin–diclofop combinations could provide selective control of mature goosegrass in common bermudagrass turf. In two field trials, diclofop at 1.7 kg ai/ha provided 19% control of mature goosegrass at 7 wk after treatment (WAT), whereas metribuzin at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai/ha controlled 30 and 53%, respectively. When diclofop at 1.7 kg/ha was combined with metribuzin at 0.28 or 0.56 kg/ha, goosegrass control increased to 68 and 90%, respectively. That degree of mature goosegrass control with a single application of metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha plus diclofop at 1.7 kg/ha was equivalent to metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha plus MSMA at 2.2 kg ae/ha followed by MSMA at 2.2 kg/ha 1 wk later. The metribuzin–diclofop combination injured common bermudagrass turf less than or equivalent to the metribuzin–MSMA combination. The injury was transitory; at 3 WAT, none of the treatments injured common bermudagrass.

Influence of post-treatment irrigation timings and herbicide placement on bermudagrass and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) response to low-dose topramezone and metribuzin programs

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
John R. Brewer ◽  
Jordan C. Craft ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Athletic Field ◽  
Minute Post ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures

Abstract Immediate, post-treatment irrigation has been proposed as a method to reduce hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy] phytotoxicity from topramezone. Immediate irrigation is impractical since it would take a turfgrass sprayer 10 to 15 minutes to cover an average golf course fairway or athletic field. There is also insufficient evidence regarding how post-treatment irrigation, immediate or otherwise, influences mature goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] control from topramezone or low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin programs. We sought to investigate bermudagrass and E. indica response to immediate, 15-minute, and 30-minute post-treatment irrigation compared to no irrigation following topramezone at 12.3 g ae ha−1, the lowest labeled rate, or topramezone at 6.1 g ha−1 plus metribuzin at 210 g ai ha−1. We also evaluated placement of each herbicide and their combination on soil, foliage, and soil plus foliage to help elucidate the mechanisms involved in differential responses between species and herbicide mixtures. Responses were largely dependent on trial due to bermudagrass injury from high-dose topramezone being nearly eliminated by immediate irrigation in one trial and only slightly affected in another. When post-treatment irrigation was postponed for 15 or 30 minutes, topramezone alone injured bermudagrass unacceptably in both trials. Bermudagrass was injured less by low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin than by high-dose topramezone. All post-treatment irrigation timings reduced E. indica control compared to no post-treatment irrigation. The herbicide placement study suggested that topramezone control of E. indica is highly dependent on foliar uptake and phytotoxicity of both bermudagrass and E. indica is greater from topramezone than metribuzin. Thus, post-treatment irrigation likely reduces topramezone rate load with a concomitant effect on plant phytotoxicity of both species. Metribuzin reduced 21-d cumulative clipping wt and tiller production of plants, and this may be a mechanism by which it reduces foliar white discoloration from topramezone.

EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON EGG HATCH AND SUBSEQUENT LARVAL ENTRY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Moffitt ◽  
K. D. Mantey ◽  
G. Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Previously Treated

AbstractIn laboratory and field studies with the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), TH 6043 and TH 6044, experimental benzoylphenyl urea chitin-synthesis inhibitors, were as effective as diflubenzuron in reducing egg hatch and subsequent larval entry when eggs were deposited on previously treated fruits or foliage. All three compounds exhibited extended residual activity, with significant reductions in egg hatch occurring over a 19-week period. TH 6045 exhibited little activity against codling moth. All compounds tested were relatively ineffective in reducing egg hatch or subsequent larval entry when they were applied topically to deposited eggs, except for the red ring stage of development which was slightly affected.

Growth Characteristics of Selected Dinitroaniline-Resistant and -Susceptible Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Population

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Harris ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth and development of selected dinitroaniline-resistant (DR) and -susceptible (DS) goosegrass populations were compared in field studies in replacement series, in association with cotton, and under noncompetitive conditions. The DR ‘Florence’ (FR) and DS ‘Orangeburg’ (OS) populations were similar in competitiveness as indicated by relative yields (RY) and relative crowding coefficients (RCC) for vegetative and reproductive biomass production in a replacement series. Relative growth of the FR and DS ‘Anderson’ (AS) populations in replacement series was similar when vegetative biomass was considered, but reproductive biomass of the AS population declined as proportion of FR population increased. RCC values also indicated that the FR population interfered with reproductive development of the AS population. In field studies, the FR population produced greater vegetative biomass than either DS population, while similar reproductive biomass occurred for the FR and OS populations. Inflorescence dry weights were greater for the FR than the AS population under noncompetitive conditions and in cotton, but were greater for the AS population in replacement series studies. The competitiveness of DR and DS goosegrass biotypes appears to be more related to growth characteristics of individual populations than to response to dinitroaniline herbicides.

Field Dissipation of Atrazine and Metribuzin in Organic Soils in Florida

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Odero ◽  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

Sugarcane growers have observed reduced residual activity of atrazine on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of south Florida. Field studies were conducted between 2011 and 2012 to determine the rate of dissipation of atrazine at 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg ha−1and metribuzin at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ha−1in the top 10 cm of soil in sugarcane fields in the EAA. The bioavailable fraction of atrazine dissipated more rapidly than the total amount of atrazine in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of atrazine ranged between 3.9 to 12.1 d and 1.0 to 7.5 d, respectively. Metribuzin dissipated much more slowly than atrazine on organic soils. Similarly, dissipation of the bioavailable fraction of metribuzin was more rapid than was the dissipation of the total amount of metribuzin in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of metribuzin ranged between 16.2 and 24.8 d and 6.0 and 14.3 d, respectively. These results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation occurs on organic soils under field conditions in the EAA, resulting in shorter residual atrazine activity. This implies that metribuzin is a better option for weed control in sugarcane grown on organic soils of the EAA exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation.

Small-Plot, Low-Dose Treatments of Triclopyr for Selective Control of Eurasian Watermilfoil

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela G. Poovey ◽  
Kurt D. Getsinger ◽  
John G. Skogerboe ◽  
Tyler J. Koschnick ◽  
John D. Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Eurasian Watermilfoil ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Small Plot

scholarly journals Physiological Basis for Metamifop Selectivity on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Cool-Season Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Mark A. Czarnota ◽  
Paul L. Raymer
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Treated Leaf

Bermudagrass and goosegrass are problematic weeds with limited herbicides available for POST control in creeping bentgrass. Metamifop effectively controls these weeds with greater selectivity in cool-season grasses than other ACCase inhibitors. The objectives of this research were to determine the physiological basis for metamifop selectivity in turfgrasses. In greenhouse experiments, metamifop rate required to reduce shoot biomass 50% from the nontreated (GR50) at 4 wk after treatment was > 6,400, 2,166, and 53 g ai ha−1for creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and goosegrass, respectively. The GR50for bermudagrass treated with diclofop-methyl or metamifop was 2,850 and 60 g ha−1, respectively. In laboratory experiments, peak absorption of14C-metamifop was reached at 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment (HAT) for goosegrass, creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. Grasses translocated < 10% of the absorbed radioactivity out of the treated leaf at 96 HAT, but creeping bentgrass translocated three times more radioactivity than goosegrass and Kentucky bluegrass. Creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and goosegrass metabolized 16, 14, and 25% of14C-metamifop after 96 h, respectively. Goosegrass had around two times greater levels of a metabolite at retention factor 0.45 than creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass. The concentration of metamifop required to inhibit isolated ACCase enzymes 50% from the nontreated (I50) measured > 100, > 100, and 38 μM for creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and goosegrass, respectively. In other experiments, foliar absorption of14C-metamifop in bermudagrass was similar to14C-diclofop-methyl. Bermudagrass metabolized 23 and 60% of the absorbed14C-diclofop-methyl to diclofop acid and a polar conjugate after 96 h, respectively, but only 14% of14C-metamifop was metabolized. Isolated ACCase was equally susceptible to inhibition by diclofop acid and metamifop (I50= 0.7 μM), suggesting degradation rate is associated with bermudagrass tolerance levels to these herbicides. Overall, the physiological basis for metamifop selectivity in turfgrass is differential levels of target site inhibition.

Sequential Herbicide Treatments for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were sequentially applied to common bermudagrass over a two-year period to determine the lowest herbicide rates required to maintain acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control. Large crabgrass control was consistently higher in late August when MSMA at 2.2 kg ha−1was applied to plots previously treated with dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha−1(99%) in 1991, and either pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ha−1(95%) or oxadiazon at 1.1 kg ha−1(94%) in 1992 than when either herbicide was applied alone (≤ 79%). Goosegrass control was also higher in late August when MSMA plus metribuzin at 2.0 + 0.14 kg ha−1was applied to plots treated with pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha−1(71%) in 1991, with oxadiazon at ≤ 2.2 kg ha−1(≤ 89%) in 1992, and with dithiopyr at 0.4 kg ha−1(≤ 96%) both years than when the herbicides were applied alone. Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha−1applied alone as POST controlled ≥ 96% goosegrass throughout the two-year period.

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