An Unorthodox Voice: The Rise of Female Qinshi, Their Challenges, and Their Pursuits

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 71-101
Author(s):  
HUAN LI
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Performance History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Peking Opera ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract (English/Chinese)Jinghu is the lead accompaniment instrument in the Peking opera ensemble. Qinshi are the accompanists who play jinghu. Traditionally, jinghu was regarded as a male instrument; female qinshi first appeared in educational institutions subsidised by the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s. Nevertheless, till now, the-all-male jinghu performance history and standards influenced by the virile ethos have deeply influenced contemporary female qinshi’s performances and recognition of their musicality and contributions to jinghu performance. In this article, I explore the rise of female qinshi, their challenges to jinghu performance conventions, and their contributions to contemporary jinghu performance.

Features of professional training of multimedia design specialists in higher education institutions of the people’s Republic of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Даі ЖЕНЬ
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Multimedia Design ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Higher Educational

The professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational establishments of the People's Republic of China is considered. The results of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem indicate that its various aspects were reflected in the scientific works of scientists who considered the professional skills of future design professionals at the level of higher education (E. Antonovich, Liu Guilin, Liu Chunilin, Schi Chanfa, Yu Zuguan, A. Antipovsky, N. Borevskaya, L. Kalashnik, Liu Donmin, V. Danilenko, M. Opalev, N. Pazura, Su Xiaohuan, N. Franchuk, Zhu Mutsu, Jia Yachen, M. Yakovlev, etc.). At the same time, the problem of professional development of specialists in multimedia design is not sufficiently researched. The psychological and pedagogical peculiarities and organizational and pedagogical conditions of the development of professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational institutions of the artistic profile of the People's Republic of China are theoretically proven. The systematization, comprehension and generalization of the research results are carried out; the features and general tendencies of the modern media industry and its influence on the development of professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational institutions are established; the characteristics of the media environment are outlined, the content and structure of multimedia activities are substantiated, its classification is identified. The essence of the basic concepts of research (professional training, multimedia design, media design) has been specified. The expediency of the main educational blocks, which provide activation of creative possibilities and professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational institutions, is determined; the essence of their constituents is revealed; the theoretical conclusions are specified, the prospects for studying the problem in question are specified.

Political Socialisation and Parental Values in the People's Republic of China

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. Lee ◽  
Ginny Q. Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
The Political ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Parental Values ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The 1950S

The present research addresses the question of whether the political socialisation of one's youth is related to personal values during adulthood and how such acquired values in turn influence one's socialisation ideals for the next generation. Specifically, it examines the content of societal mandates of the People's Republic of China as conveyed in the mass media during the 1950s and early 1960s and the expressed values of a group of parents who grew up during that period, experienced the Cultural Revolution during their late teens and early twenties, married during the post-Cultural Revolution period, and had a child in daycare or preschool in 1981 and 1982. The mandates of political socialisation was assessed by content analyses of an official youth magazine published during the 1950s and early 1960s. Parental values were attained from responses to a 1981-82 parent questionnaire. The results were examined within the societal contexts of the two periods under study. The findings indicate that parents of this study, on the whole, expressed values that differentially reflect the content of political socialisation of their youth. Moral and work/study values, particularly those that are rooted in traditional China and those that were apolitical appeared in the lexicon of values during adulthood, whereas the political values mandated by the leadership of their youth were absent from the parents' lexicon of values. Included in the lexicon of parental values were items that were not linked to any of the values of the 1950s and early 1960s era but appear to reflect the changing context of contemporary China. The societal changes in the 1980s People's Republic of China appear to have also influenced parents' expectations for their children.

scholarly journals Introduction of Digital Resources in the Process of Training Musicians-Teachers in Educational Institutions of the People's Republic of China

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Dobroskok ◽  
Oleksii Nalyvaiko ◽  
Lіudmyla Rybalko ◽  
Oksana Zhernovnykova
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Talented Students

The introduction to the article presents a theoretical analysis of the modern state of socio-economic relations development in the People's Republic of China and the role of information and digital technologies in this process. The authors considered the planned nature of the educational system based on the educational environment digitalization introduction, for example, in the plan «Modernization of Education in China by 2035» there were identified ten main strategic objectives for the modernization of education, where the main ones include: the creation of a digital educational space; using modern technology to accelerate reform of the teaching model for gifted and talented students; introducing digital formats of educational services, designing a mechanism for the joint creation of digital educational resources and exchange them; promoting changes in education, accelerating the formation of a modern system of education management and monitoring. The research purpose is to theoretically substantiate and highlight the introduction of digital resources in the process of training musicians-teachers in educational institutions of China. The main methods used in this study are the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and open state regulatory legal acts in the field of digitalization and digital support of the educational process. The results and discussion provide generalized information on the introduction of digital resources in the process of musicians-pedagogues training in educational institutions of the People's Republic of China. It is noted that, according to the tasks set, in general the Chinese educational system has positively reacted to the introduction of digital teaching means in the training of future music educators. Chinese scientists have created special platforms and computer products to comprehend the art of music. The acquaintance of future musicians-teachers with digital resources of student training happens gradually and taking into account their digital literacy. The conclusions provide generalized views on the training of musicians-pedagogues in educational institutions of the People's Republic of China on the basis of the educational process digitalization.

scholarly journals Socialism, Aestheticized Bodies, and International Circuits of Gender: Soviet Female Film Stars in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1969*

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Mai Chen
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Soviet Film ◽  
Political Aesthetics ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Film Stars ◽  
Maoist China

Abstract This paper analyses the importance of love relations and sexuality in Soviet film for Chinese socialism in the 1950s and 1960s. By looking at the movement of Soviet women across the Sino-Soviet border — in films and as part of film delegations — I highlight the international circuits of gender that shaped socialist womanhood in China. I examine Chinese discussion of Soviet film stars including Marina Ladynina, Vera Maretskaia, and Marina Kovaleva. I locate the movement away from 'fun-loving post-revolutionary' womanhood associated with Ladynina to socialist womanhood located in struggle and partisanship within the larger context of Maoist theory and Sino-Soviet relations. In my examination of debates over which female film stars were appropriate for China I draw out celebrated and sanctioned couplings of Chinese and Soviet film heroines, such as the links made between Zoya and Zhao Yiman. By looking at how Soviet film stars became part of Chinese political aesthetics, sexuality and love emerge as more important to our understanding of womanhood in Maoist China than has been recognized by most scholars of gender in China. This approach therefore offers a new perspective on Maoist ideologies of gender with its emphasis on non-Chinese bodies as constitutive of gender subjectivities in Maoist China. I argue that while gender in Maoist China was primarily enacted on a national level, internationalism and international circuits of gender were central to its articulation.

scholarly journals Traditions of the Soviet Academy of Art History in the theses of the Chinese students of I. E. Repin Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture at the turn of the 1950s – 1960s (based on the archival materials)

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Shujing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Art History ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

This article is dedicated to the relevant problem of art history, and determines the degree of impact of the traditions of the Soviet Academy of Art History upon the art education of the People's Republic of China. The fundamental role in this process is assigned to the Chinese students who studied in I. E. Repin Leningrad State Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of the USSR Academy of Arts during the 1950s – 1960s, as well as their pedagogues and academic advisors. The article analyzes the stenographic materials of state attestation of the four Chinese students of the faculty of Theory and History of Art, who defended their theses in 1959 and 1960. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the the materials of the Scientific Archive of the Russian Academy of Arts that were not previously used in scientific discourse, namely work with the stenographic materials of state attestation of the selected students, reveal certain peculiarities of art history and art education of the People's Republic of China, description of the tradition of the Soviet Academy of Art History and its impact upon the Chinese education at the turn of the 1950s – 1960s. The Chinese graduates of I. E. Repin Leningrad State Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture have later continued the traditions of the Soviet Academy of Art History, and laid the foundation for education of the future generations of specialists in the field of art. The conducted research determines several relevant trends of the Soviet School that influenced the development of Chinese art history.

Red China Blues: Paul Martin, Lester B. Pearson, and the China Conundrum, 1963-1967

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Donaghy
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The 1950S

Like any number of American allies, Canada declined to recognize the revolutionary government of the People’s Republic of China, and helped exclude it from the United Nations in the 1950s. By the early 1960s, there were strong pressures for change. This article examines the efforts of Paul Martin, Sr., Canada’s foreign minister from 1963 to 1968, to respond to those pressures and modernize his country’s approach to the emerging Asian giant. After establishing Martin’s diplomatic credentials, the paper traces the evolution of his attitude toward Beijing during the 1950s as he accepted the logic and necessity of recognition. Opposed by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and many of his cabinet colleagues, who feared U.S. retaliation, Martin persisted in trying to win over their backing. Progress, when it finally came in 1966, was incremental and much too late, prompting critical attacks on the minister’s reputation and his “hush puppy style.”

Less Reproduction, More Production: Birth Control in the Early People’s Republic of China, 1949–1958

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-389
Author(s):  
Sarah Mellors
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Modern China ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Location Class ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract In the early People’s Republic of China (PRC), Communist officials initially placed strict constraints on birth control use, encouraging high fertility rates. However, in an effort to enhance agricultural and industrial productivity, such restrictions were gradually repealed and by the 1970s, aggressive promotion of family planning had become the norm. Drawing on both archival and oral history, this article considers the lived experience of birth control use from the founding of the People’s Republic until 1958, a period that is often overlooked in studies of reproduction and contraception in modern China, but that had important implications for later trends. Despite claims that discussion of sexuality was suppressed in the PRC and an early ban on certain publications related to sexual hygiene, a considerable amount of literature on sex and birth control was published in major cities in the 1950s. Narratives on sex and birth control in women’s magazines and sex handbooks, however, varied widely and access to birth control and surgeries, such as abortions and sterilizations, differed dramatically according to location, class, and education level. This essay probes the circumstances under which women or couples practiced birth control while demonstrating the diversity of contraceptive discourses and practices in the early People’s Republic. Though underexplored, the early years of the PRC remain critical to histories of reproduction in China because many of the gender dynamics, socioeconomic pressures, and cultural preferences that informed contraceptive practices in the 1950s continued to do so for decades to come.

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